석재(碩齋) 윤행임(尹行恁)의 "의리(義理)" 중심 역학관(易學觀)과 "사서(四書)" 활용 양상 -「경사강의(經史講義)_『역(易)』[계묘(癸卯)(1783)]」,「신호수필(薪湖隨筆)_『역(易)』,「계사전(繫辭傳)」」을 중심으로-

남윤덕 ( Yoon Deok Nam ) 한국한문학회 2016 韓國漢文學硏究 Vol.0 No.61

『周易』은 윤행임의 경학관을 살필 수 있는 핵심 키워드 중 하나이다. 정조와 함께참여한 ‘經史講義’에서 윤행임은 『周易本義』와 『易傳[程傳]』을 바탕으로 역학의 논리를 습득하였고, 자신의 「薪湖隨筆_『易』ㆍ「繫辭傳」」에서 더욱 완성시켜 나갔다. 정조에 의해 처음 시도되었고, 윤행임이 참여했던 계묘년(1783) ‘경사강의_ 역 ’은 총 4번에 걸친 『주역』 강의 가운데 가장 많은 분량을 할애하여 『역』전체를 세세하게 다루었다. 윤행임이 역학에 남다른 열정을 보인 이유도 계묘년 ‘경사강의’가 하나의 큰 계기가 되어서였다. 경사강의 당시 정조는 비교적 ‘義理易學’에 비중을 두었다. 윤행임의 학문은 정조와 함께 했던 기간 동안 큰 발전을 이룩하였고, 그 당시 정조로부터 받은 학문적 영향이 고스란히 『신호수필』로 이어졌다. 경사강의를 통해 전수받은 ‘의리’ 중심의 『주역』해석방식은 윤행임의 역학관에 영향을 주어 윤행임이 ‘의리역학’을 긍정하게 하는 결과를 낳았다. 윤행임의 『주역』 해석은 『본의』와 『정전』을 충실히 따르는 전제하에 程朱와 논리를 달리한 기타 易說들을 비교분석, 경계하고 비판하며 正學인 주자학을 지키고 보완하려하였다. 윤행임은 ‘象數易學’을 긍정하면서도 잘 못 이해하여 사리에 맞지 않거나, 占筮에 치우친 편협한 曲儒들의 ‘상수역학’은 반대하며, 이를 바로잡아 절충해야 함을 강조하였다. 윤행임은 林栗, 吳澄, 邱富國, 胡仲虎의 주장에 대해선 비판적인 견해를 보였다. 이는 『본의』와 『역전』을 따르지 않고 『역』을 해석하려는 학자들에 대해 자신의 입장을 명확히 한 것이다. 한편 윤행임은 경전해석에 있어서 『역』의 관계성을 중시하며, ‘四書’ 활용 방식을 통해 ‘의리’ 중심 『역』 해석을 완성해 나갔다. 특히 『대학』ㆍ『중용』이 『주역』에 근원하고있다는 주장은 윤행임 『역』 해석의 큰 특징을 이룬다. 결과적으로 이러한 윤행임의 ‘의리역학’은 정조시대 『주역』해석방식의 한 패러다임을 제시하고 있다는 점에서 易學史的 의의가 있다. 윤행임의 ‘의리’ 중심 역학관은 어디까지나 폐단에 빠지기 쉬운 ‘상수역학’의 경계를 통해 주자의 ‘兼治象義’ 역학관을 보완하고, 더욱 더 완성된 주자학의 보수성 짙은 체계를 세워 그 기준을 잡고자 했던 정조와 그의 意志가 만들어낸 부산물이었던 것이다. 『The Book of Changes』is one of the core key-words to study Yoon Hang Im``s view of the study of Confucian classics. He learned the logic of Ichingxue at ``KyungSa-Lecture`` that he joined with King Jeong-Jo based on 『The Book of Changes-BenYi』and 『Iching- Chuan』 and he kept completing it in his 「Shin-ho-essay_『Iching』ㆍ『Xi-Ci- Zhuan』」 < KyungSa-Lecture_『Iching』 > dated 1783 (Jeong-Jo tried to do for the first time and Yoon Haeng-Im joined in) was treated too much detailedly at the most volume among total four 『The Book of Changes』 lectures. And then, this was a big opportunity that Yoon Haeng-Im specially showed his passion to 『Iching』. Jeong-Jo gave respectively weight to < Yili-Ichingxue > at that KyungSa- Lecture. Yoon Haeng-Im``s literature came into remarkable development during the period being with Jeong-Jo and academic influence from Jeong-Jo directly lead to 「Shin-ho-essay」 The way of ``Yili``-oriented interpretation about 『The Book of Changes』 (that was handed down from KyungSa-Lecture) influenced the viewpoint of Yoon Haeng-Im``s Ichingxue and after all, it let Yoon Haeng-Im being positive to ``Yili-Ichingxue``. under the premise to faithfully follow 『The Book of Changes-BenYi』 and 『Iching-Chuan』, Yoon Haeng-Im``s interpretation about 『The Book of Changes』 was to compare, analyze and criticize the other logic of Ichingxue logically different from CheongㆍZhu at the same time and keep and complement Zhuxi as right science. Yoon Haeng-Im was positive about ``Xiangshu- Ichingxue`` at the same time and was against ``Xiangshu-Ichingxue`` of the scholars who was unreasonable or one-sided to book on divination. And he emphasized to compromise them by putting things right. Yoon Haeng-Im showed his critical view on the opinions of Lim-ryul, Oh-jing, Gu bu-guk and Ho joong-ho. this means that Yoon Haeng-Im made his position clear against the scholars who tried to interpret 『The Book of Changes』 without following 『The Book of Changes-BenYi』 and 『Iching-Chuan』. On the other hand, he completed interpretation about ``Yili`` oriented 『Iching』 through the way of using ``The Four Books`` that are chinese classic texts: Great Learning, Doctrine of the Mean, Analects & Mencius. especially, his insistence that Dae-Hak & Jung-Yong were grounded on 『The Book of Changes』 is a notable distinction. In conclusion, this Yoon Haeng-Im``s ``Yili-Ichingxue`` has great historical significance on the point to show a paradigm of the interpretation method about 『The Book of Changes』 during the era of King Jeong-Jo. Yoon Haeng-Im``s ``Yili``-oriented viewpoint of Ichingxue was a residual product from Jeong-Jo``s and Yoon``s strong will that was to correct the standard by setting up conservative system of the perfectly completed orthodox Neo-Confucianism as well as to complement the viewpoint of Zhuxi``s ``Gyeom-Chi-Sang-Yi`` Ichingxue through the boundary of ``Xiangshu- Ichingxue``, easily prone to negative effects.

급성전골수성백혈병에서 백혈구성분채집술에 이은 치명적인 뇌출혈 2예

오윤정,박소윤,김윤정,한동석,김현수,최진혁,남동기,임호영,김효철,주희재 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1998 아주의학 Vol.3 No.1

The aim of this study is to report 2 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia who died from intracranial hemorrhage following leukapheresis and to provide proper preventive measures against hemorrhage following leukapheresis. From 1994 to 1997, a total of twenty-six patients with leukemia underwent leukapheresis to control hyperleukocytosis at Ajou University Hospital. Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia received all-trans retinoic acid but developed drug-induced hyperleukocytosis. Shortly after leukapheresis, they died from intracranial hemorrhage. The risk factors for fatal hemorrhage are thought to be coexisting disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC), thrombocytopenia aggravated by leukapheresis, exacerbated coagulopathy related to mechanical trauma through leukapheresis and the excess use of citrate during leukapheresis. To reduce the risk of the bleeding associated with leukapheresis, it is necessary to replace platelet sufficiently before and after leukapheresis and to give calcium to correct coagulopathy induced by excess citrate which is used as anticoagulant as well as the correction of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

논문편 - 의생활 분야 : 충청남도 여성의 의복형태에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ)

남윤숙 ( Yoon Sook Nam ) 대한가정학회 1981 Family and Environment Research Vol.19 No.3

현행 중등학교 과학 실험 , 실습 교육 실태 조사 및 그 운영 진단 (Ⅱ) : 고등학교 과학 실험 , 실습 교육을 중심으로

김영호,이윤종,정원우,강용희,양승영,윤성효,안병호,윤일희,권용주,임성규,오철한,기우항,전명남,김중욱 한국과학교육학회 1998 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 96년도에 실시한 우리 나라 중학교 과학 실험·실습 교육의 실태 조사 연구에 따른 계속 연구의 일환으로 고등학교 과학 실험·실습 교육의 실태를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 연구내용은 고등학교 과학 교과서의 분석, 실험·실습 실시 현황 분석, 현행 실험·실습 교육의 문제점 분석, 현행 학교 구성원들의 실험·실습 교육 운영 실태 조사 및 현행 실험·실습 교육의 개선을 위한 연구과제 도출을 주요 연구내용으로 다루었다. 연구방법은 전국의 고등학교 80개교를 대상으로 이들 학교의 학생 1,977명, 교사 165명, 학교장 80명에게 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 중심으로 우리 나라 고등학교 과학 실험 실습 교육의 정상화를 위한 실험 내적인 연구과제를 제시하면 다음과 같다. (1)교재 개발에 대한 연구, (2)실험 킷트 개발에 대한 연구, (3)교사교육 및 재교육 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구, (4)교실 밖 실험·실습 활동 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구, (5)과학 실험·실습 소재의 개발에 대한 연구. This study was accomplished to analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of high school in korea for the consecutive study of the an analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of middle school in korea(Lee, Yoon-Jong et al., 1997). The status of facilities, management for the experiment, practices, teaching methods in high schools have been investigated. The present status and reasonable management of the high school science education have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this 165 high school science teachers, 1977 students and 80 principals of high schools in Korea are administered questionaires of Science Education Research Institute of Kyungpook National University(1997). The results of this study are as follows : The reasonable management for experiments and practices of science education were scanty in the high school around the urban and rural school owing to the shortage of facilities and equipments, crowded class, excessive class works for teacher, excessive contents of present textbooks and insufficiency of the administrative supports etc. The current teaching method of high school science has emphasized knowledge. This fact does not satisfy the objective of learning due to lack of the teaching method. Desirable directions for the improvement of present status of high school science education were proposed in this paper.

방사선 치료를 받는 암 환자들의 사회적 지지와 삶의 질과의 관계

정주희,류소연,윤혜은,남택근,오윤경,안현옥,박계남,이영선 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the relationship between social support and quality of life among cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Matehals and Methods : The data were collected from 98 patients, who were receiving radiation therapy at two university hospitals located in GwangUJu, used by structured questionnaire. For statistical analyses of the association between quality of life and various characteristics, data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: 1. There were 56(57.1%) males and 42(42.9%) females. Age ranged from 21 to 82 years. The primary sites of cancer were gastrointestinal tract (24.5%), lung (23.5%), breast (21.4%), and head and neck (11.2%) in order. 2. The mean scores of social, family, and medical support were 4.30 0.58, 4.49 0.78, 4.11 0.65, respectively. The score of quality of life was 5.83 1.63 (range: 1.95 ~ 9.05). 3. An analysis of the association between several factors of patients and quality of life showed that the statistically significant factors were age, the presence of distant metastasis, family support, medical support and social support. 4. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, only social support was significant (β=0.932, P=0.02) with quality of life, but age and presence of distant metastasis were not significant. Conclusion : This suggests that quality of life in cancer patients could be improved by strengthening the social support which consists of family and medical support. Further study would be necessary to evaluate separately several aspects of quality of life among cancer patients.

고온 접촉식 탐상용 초음파 탐촉자 개발 및 평가

김기복,김병극,이승석,윤남원,윤동진,안윤국 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

고온(500℃) 환경에서 접촉식 탐상이 가능한 초음파 탐촉자를 개발하고 평가하였다. 고온용 탐촉자는 Curie 온도가 600 ℃ 이상인 bismuth titanate 계열의 압전세라믹 소자, 텅스텐 분말과 inorganic binder를 혼합한 후면재, 알루미나 튜브, 전면재, 하우징 등으로 구성되었다. 기본 공진주파수가 각각 1.04 및 2.08 ㎒의 2 종류 탐촉자를 제작하였으며 각종 고온용 커플런트의 온도특성을 시험하였다. 개발된 고온용 탐촉자를 이용하여 강재 시편을 대상으로 시편에서의 초음파 반사신호를 측정한 결과 시편의 온도가 증가함에 따라 반사신호의 크기는 감소하였다. 고온에서 반복측정 실험결과 500℃에서 연속적인 접촉식 초음파 탐상이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers for high temperature contact measurement were developed. These high temperature ultrasonic transducers (HTUT) consisted of bismuth titanate piezoceramic element whose Curie temperature is higher than 600℃, a backing material of the mixture of tungsten powder and inorganic binder, an inner alumina tube, a wear plate and a housing. The operational frequencies of the HTUT were 1.04 and 2.08 ㎒, respectively. Various commercially available couplant for high temperature were evaluated and compared. As a couplant for high temperature ultrasonic testing between HTUT and test specimen, gold epoxy was selected. The peak amplitude of pulse-echo signals from steel test specimen decreased with increasing temperature. The operational temperature of the HTUT reached up to 500℃ at which the continuous contact measurement was possible.

汚染 鍾類別에 對한 洗劑의 洗濯性 考察

南潤子,權明淑 慶熙大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dry-cleaning synthetic detergent for home use sold in Korea and to investigate the release of various stain by repeated washing cycles. The materials used for this investigation were five kinds of dry cleaning syn-det for home use commercially available in market. The fabrics used were two kinds of fabrics (Silk: Beige, Red, Blue/Wool : Beige, Black, Navy) The stains used were ketchup, oil, coffee mixed with creamer and mayonnaise. The results of this study indicate as follows 1. Surfactant contents were 25%-47% and the Korean dry cleaning syn-det for home use had more surfactant content than foreign ones. 2. The five kinds of dry cleaning syn-det for home using and water were superior to petroleum detergent in stain release rate for ketchup. 3. The five kinds of dry cleaning syn-det for home use, water and petroleum detergent had no difference in stain release rate for mayonnaise. 4. Petroleum detergent was superior to five kind of dry cleaning syn-det for home using and water in oil release. 5. The five kinds of dry cleaning syn-det for home using and water was superior to petroleum detergent in the stain release rate for coffee mixed with creamer.

동결온도가 해동 쇠고기의 품질에 미치는 영향

남주현,송형익,김미숙,문윤희,정인철 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.5

동결온도가 해동우육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 해동드립감량은 -3℃ 동결이 30일째에 3.4%, -20℃ 동결이 60일째에 1.8%로 높았으며, -3℃가 -20℃보다 드립량이 많았다. 가열감량은 water bath와 pan 가열 모두 저장초기보다 동결저장중에 현저하게 높았으나, 동결온도에 의한 차이는 없었다. 염용성 단백질의 추출성은 동결기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였고, -20℃에서 동결한 것이 -3℃에서 동결한 것보다 추출성이 높았다. 수용성 단백질의 추출은 -3℃의 경우 동결기간에 따라 현저한 변화가 없었으나, -20℃에서 동결한 것은 동결기간에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 명도(L)는 동결초기가 높았고 적색도(a)는 동결기간에 따른 변화가 없었으며, 황색도(b)는 동결초기보다 동결중에 더 높았다. Myoglobin의 변성율은 -3℃의 경우 45일째, -20℃의 경우 15일째 각각 94.4%와 94.0%로 가장 높았다. 전단력가는 동결초기보다 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 높아졌으며, 근원섬유의 소편화도는 동결저장중 현저한 변화가 없었다. pH는 -3℃와 -20℃ 모두 30일째까지 높아지다가 그 이후 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of freezing temperature on quality of thawed beef loin. In case of thaw drip loss, the freezing of -3℃ and -20℃ were higest by 3.4% to 30 days and by 1.8% to 60 days, respectively. And the thaw drip loss of -3℃ freezing was more than -20℃ freezing. The cooking loss of water bath and pan boiling were increased significantly during freezing than the beginning of freezing, but were not different -3℃ and -20℃. The salt soluble protein extractability was decreased during freezing, the -20℃ freezing was higher than -3℃ freezing. The water soluble protein extractability of -3℃ freezing was not significant different during freezing storage, that freezed at -20℃ was increased during freezing. The "L" value of the beginning of freezing was higher than during freezing, the "a" value was not different during freezing, and the "b" value during freezing was higher than the beginning of feezing. The myoglobin denatured percentaged of the -3℃ and -20℃ freezing were highest by 94.4% to 45 days and by 94.0% to 15 days, respectively. The shear force value during freezing was higher than the beginning of freezing, the myofibrillar fragmentation index was not significant different during freezing. The pH was increased to freezing 30 days, after that was decreased.

불리언 질의 재구성에서 의사결정나무의 학습 성능 감도 분석

윤정미,김남호,권영식 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

One of the difficulties in using the current Boolean-based information retrieval systems is that it is hard for a user, especially a novice, to formulate an effective Boolean query. One solution to this problem is to let the system formulate a query for a user from his relevance feedback documents. In this research, an intelligent query reformulation mechanism based on ID3 is proposed and the sensitivity of its retrieval effectiveness, i.e., recall, precision, and E-measure, to various input settings is analyzed. The parameters in the input settings is the number of relevant documents. Experiments conducted on the test set of Medlars revealed that the effectiveness of the proposed system is in fact sensitive to the number of the initial relevant documents. The case with two or more initial relevant documents outperformed the case with on initial relevant document with statistical significances. It is our conclusion that formulation of an effective query in the proposed system requires at least two relevant documents in its initial input set.

식도암에서 외부방사선치료와 근접방사선치료의 병용요법

남택근,나병식,오윤경 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the role of brachytherapy following external radiotherapy by retrospective analysis in view of survival and prognostic factors in esophageal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: From Apr. 1999 to Dec. 2000, a total of 28 patients, who were diagnosed as esophageal carcinoma, were treated by curative external radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy with or without chemotherapy. Eligible primary tumors were located in the thoracic esophagus and lymphatic metastases were restricted to supraclavicular or mediastinal nodes. External radiotherapy was performed by 6 MV or 10 MV X-ray and the range of doses was 50.0 Gy - 59.4 Gy (median; 54.9) to primary tumors. One week later, the intraluminal brachtherapy (IB) was performed by high-dose rate remote controlled afterloader with radioisotope of ^192Ir. Fraction size of IB was 2~5 Gy, twice a week and delivered up to total doses of 3 Gy~ 20 Gy (median; 12). Twenty-one patients were treated by concurrent chemotherapy with the agents of cisplatin and 5-FU. Cisplatin, 75 ㎎/㎡, was given on the first day of weeks 1, 5, 8, 11 and 5-FU, 1,000 ㎎/㎡, was administered as a continuous infusion for the first 4 days of each course. Results: The estimated median survival time was 15 months and 1, 2, 3-year survival rates were 60.7%, 27.5%, 9.2%, respectively. The median survival time (MST) of the patients with stage II (n=9), III (n=17), IVA (n=2) were 20, 15, 5 months, respectively (p=0.68). The MST of the patients with complete response vs partial response were 21 vs 14 months, respectively (p=0.12). The MST of patients younger than 60 years vs older were 22 vs 12 months, respectively (p=0.07). The MST of patients with ECOG performance index 1 vs 2 were 16 vs 10 months, respectively (P=0.06) Tile Mn of patients treated by concurrent chemotherapy vs untreated were 20 vs 12 months, respectively (p=0.07). Four patients (14.3%) suffered massive hematemesis after brachytherapy and one patient with local recurrence salvaged by esophagectomy had mediastinal abscess. Of 21 patients treated by concurrent chemoradiothetapy, one patient had pancytopenia and other two patients had severe leukopenia. Conclusion: This study showed no better outcomes of brachytherapy boost after external radiotherapy than historical results of external radiotherapy alone. Concurrent chemotherapy might have more significant therapeutic role rather than brachytherapy boost and the employment of brachythelapy should be considered with great caution in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.