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윤경진(Yoon, Kyeong-Jin) 역사실학회 2016 역사와실학 Vol.61 No.-
이 논문은 고려 예종대 동북 9성의 개척과 관련하여 개척 범위를 파악하고 각 城들의 구체적인 위치를 비정하는 한편, 公嶮鎭에 비를 세워 경계로 삼았다는 사적에대해 비판 검토한 것이다. 현재 동북 9성의 개척 범위에 대해서는 함흥평야에 국한된다는 설에 대해 두만강 북쪽까지 이르렀다는 설이 제기되고 있다. 반면 길주 이남에 분포한다는 실학자들의 주장은 크게 주목받지 못했다. 그러나 『고려사』 지리지에서 동북 9성과 연결된 咸州와 吉州, 端州 연혁의 자료적 근거와 「英州廳壁上記」의 “方 300리” 기록, 그리고 당시 작성된 墓誌銘과 주요 전투 기록 등을 종합해 보면, 동북 9성은 吉州 이남 지역에 분포한 것으로 보는 것이 타당하다. 또한 윤관이 개척 후 공험진에 비석을 세워 경계로 삼았다는 기록은 「영주청벽상기」에서 개척 지역이 본래 고구려 땅임을 입증하기 위해 인용한 ‘高句麗 古碑’를 근거로 생성된 것이다. 이 고비는 개척 지역에 있던 진흥왕의 摩雲嶺碑를 이용해서 제시한 것이었다. 공험진은 바로 마운령 지역에 위치하고 있었다. 고려말 이 지역을 다시 개척하면서 이 비는 “공험진에 있던 고구려 고비”에서 “공험진에 세운 고려 비”로 바뀌면서 동북 9성의 경계를 나타내는 것으로 간주되었던 것이다. Examined in this article is the overall range that was covered by the installation of “ine Nthe fortresses in the Northeast region of the Korean peninsula,(동북 9성)” during the reign of king Yejong of Goryeo, as well as the exact locations of those fortresses. The record that says ‘A stone monument was erected at Gong’heom-jin(公嶮鎭) so that it could serve as a marker for the borderline’ is also critically reanalyzed. The Joseon dynasty Shilhak scholar’s past argument that the Northeast Nine Fortresses were actually installed in regions below Gilju(吉州) area was not that well received by modern scholars for decades. But analysis of various historical resources lead us to conclude that the Northeast Nine Fortresses were indeed positioned below Gilju. Also, the record of a stone monument having been erected at Gong’heom-jin(公嶮鎭) to serve as a border marker seems to have been created based upon the contents of an ancient Goguryeo stone tablet which had been earlier cited -inside a record titled Words on the Yeongju Office wall(“Yeongju-cheong Byeoksang-gi, 英州廳壁上記”) - to argue that the newly covered area (by Yun Gwan’s Nine fortresses) had originally been part of the Goguryeo territory. This ancient tablet, however, was actually the Ma’un-ryeong-bi tablet(stone monument at the Ma’un-ryeong mountain range, 摩雲嶺碑) erected by king Jin’heung-wang of Shilla, which happened to be inside the newly covered region. When this region was newly claimed by the Goryeo government at the end of the dynasty, this tablet was believed (or at least newly called) as the “Goryeo tablet erected at Gong’heom-jin,” and was considered as marking the borderline of the Northeast Nine Fortresses.
소아청소년 복합만성질환자 수 및 진료비의 변화: 2011-2021년 건강보험청구자료 분석
오정윤,조수진,정진선,조진숙,박춘선 건강보험심사평가원 2023 HIRA RESEARCH Vol.3 No.2
Background: The number of children and adolescents has decreased by more than 3 million over the past 10 years. We analyzed changes in the number of children and adolescents with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and their medical expenditures between 2011 and 2021. Methods: We used National Health Insurance claims data of patients under the age of 20 from 2011 to 2021. CCCs were classified as pediatric CCCs by Feudtner et al. Patients who repeatedly utilize medical services due to CCCs were defined as patients who sought medical care twice or more within the past 3 years. Their sex, age, CCC categories, and the number of CCC categories were presented using descriptive analyses. Results: The number of children and adolescents with CCCs increased from 345,320 (3.04%) in 2011 to 451,238 (5.33%) in 2021. Patients who repeatedly utilized medical services due to CCCs increased by 71,889 during the same period. The proportion of patients with two or more CCC categories increased from 35.80% in 2011 to 43.67% in 2021. In 2021, patients with other congenital or genetic defect were most common. Medical expenditures associated with CCCs increased from 475,654 million won (12.34%) in 2011 to 768,467 million won (19.11%) in 2021. Conclusion: The number of patients with CCCs and their medical expenditures increased in Korea between 2011 and 2021. The results indicate that consistent national efforts are required to maintain the specialized pediatric care. Further studies are needed to identify pediatric patients who require specialized medical services through various methods.
Yoon,Myong-O,Park,Jin-Kook,Kim,Choong-Ik,Ryou,Hong-Sun,Kim,Jin-Gon,Kim,Myung-Bae,Choi,Jun-Seok,Kim,Kwang-Il 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-
Fire characteristics of a typical apartment building in Korea was studied through full scale experiment and zone model simulation. The fire was ignited at the living room and allowed to spread to other parts of a single unit in a five storied apartment building. Various data including temperatures, species concentrations, and images were collected in the experiment. A zone model(CFAST) was used to analyze the same apartment building that represents the average households in Korea. The results were compared with a full scale experiments. While CFAST allows one compartment involved with fire, the experiment allowed the fire to spread to other compartments. Therefore, the comparison between experimental data and Zone-Model data is valid until the living-room fire spread to other parts of the apartment. Flashover occurred at approximately 380 seconds in a fire experiment, and at approximately 420 seconds in Zone-Model. Based on all of data between experimental data and Zone-Model data, it is concluded that the safe escape time is about 250 seconds.
Yoon‑Jin Lee,Kwan‑Sik Park,Byoung Joon Baek,Kyong‑Ae Lee,Sang‑Han Lee 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1
Backgrounds Arctigenin derived from the seeds of Arctium lappa Linnaeus is known as an anticancer drug candidate by targeting various pathways involved in anticancer therapy. Methods Using 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid culture systems in nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells, the effects of arctigenin and dexamethasone on cell viability, ROS levels, ATP level, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necroptosis were examined. Results The combination treatment of both compounds induced strong cytotoxicity, accompanied by increases of sub-G0/ G1 peak, annexin V-PE-positive cells, and ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decrease of cellular ATP content. These changes were observed as simultaneous induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and necroptosis. A series of changes by arctigenin and dexamethasone were efficiently restored by decreasing ROS levels or supplementing ATP. Treatment of 3D spheroids with arctigenin and dexamethasone decreased cell viability in the spheroids, but it was slightly resistant than cells under 2D conditions. In addition, this phenomenon was accompanied by an increase in mediators for both apoptosis and necroptosis. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the apoptosis and necroptosis-inducing effects of arctigenin are associated with ATP depletion due to oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction.
Jin Jun(金軍),Yoon Chang Ryel(尹暢烈) 대한한의학원전학회 2005 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.18 No.2
Zhang Zi-He is one of the Jin&Yuan's four masters, and he used Dong-Xia method well, as well as he is one a medical man who contributed to the development of the medicine. He valued the pathogen. He recognized that the pathogen is a great cause of an attack of a disease, so, first, we have to get rid of pathogen, and it makes the Vital essence and energy recovered. He said, we have to get rid of the pathogen thouroughly. He used "Wei Ci"-using fei zhen and densely puntuating many times and bleeding much, so the pathogen can't remain. He said if we bleed, it is same as the sweating. And about 『Nei Jing』's meaning, he said that bleeding is same as sweating and after bleeding, diaphoresis is not required, but it is good to bleed after sweating. He said that we removeing the fire and we can circulate Qi and blood. He set count on the body's circulation of our body, and it is the great cause of a disease. So, He quoted the 『Nie Jing』's sayings, and emphasized the importane of the circulation of qi and blood. And this Zhang Zi-He's way is in relation with "Liu He Jian's fire and heat theory.