Effects of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus.

Yoo, Dae Young,Shin, Bich Na,Kim, In Hye,Kim, Woosuk,Kim, Dae Won,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoon, Yeo Sung,Choi, Soo Young,Won, Moo-Ho,Hwang, In Koo Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Neurochem Res Vol.37 No.2

<P>Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors in reducing adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain. In this study, we observed the effects of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) on lipid peroxidation, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus using malondialdehyde (MDA), Ki67, and doublecortin (DCX), respectively. We constructed an expression vector, PEP-1, fused PEP-1 with SOD1, and generated PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein. We administered PEP-1 and 100 or 500 관g PEP-1-SOD1 intraperitoneally once a day for 3 weeks and sacrificed at 30 min after the last administrations. PEP-1 administration did not change the MDA levels compared to those in the vehicle-treated group, while PEP-1-SOD1 treatment significantly reduced MDA levels compared to the vehicle-treated group. In the PEP-1-treated group, the number of Ki67-positive nuclei was similar to that in the vehicle-treated group. In the 100 관g PEP-1-SOD1-treated group, the number of Ki67-positive nuclei was slightly decreased; however, in the 500 관g PEP-1-SOD1-treated group, Ki67-positive nuclei were decreased to 78.5% of the vehicle-treated group. The number of DCX-positive neuroblasts in the PEP-1-treated group was similar to that in the vehicle-treated group. However, the arborization of DCX-positive neuroblasts was significantly decreased in both the 100 and 500 관g PEP-1-SOD1-treated groups compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. The number of DCX-positive neuroblasts with tertiary dendrites was markedly decreased in the 500 관g PEP-1-SOD1-treated group. These results suggest that a SOD1 supplement to healthy mice may not be necessary to modulate cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus.</P>

율곡 리기론의 서양철학적 조명

유원기 ( Weon Ki Yoo ) (사)율곡연구원(구 사단법인 율곡학회) 2015 율곡학연구 Vol.31 No.-

성리학 연구는 해방 이후 많은 양적 발전을 해왔지만, 양적 발전이 반드시 질적 발전을 함축하지는 않는다. 기실 성리학 연구의 가장 심각한 문제는 전반적으로 기존의 성리학적 이론들을 요약하고 정리하는 선에 머물고 있으며, 그것들의 타당성을 평가하려는 시도는 거의 없다는 점이다. 무엇보다도 성리학 이론이 미래에도 존속하기 위해서는 새로운 연구방법과 분석방법을 통해 지속적으로 검토되어야 한다. 이런 맥락에서, 성리학 연구 방법론과 다르다고 알려진 서양철학의 방법론을 성리학에 적용해야 한다는 제안도 있었고, 또한 그것들을 비교하는 비교철학적 논의도 있었지만, 서양철학의 방법론과 개념들을 실제로 성리학적 이론에 적용하여 이해하려는 시도는 그리 많지 않았다. 이 글에서 필자는 리와 기의 운동성, 실체성, 실재성 등의 서양철학적 개념들을 통해 율곡이 생각했던 리와 기의 성격과 상호관계를 명확히 설명하기 위해 노력한다. 필자는 율곡이 리의 운동성이나 실체성을 인정하지 않는다는 점에서 그의 이론은 일원론으로 봐야 하지만, 그럼에도 그가 기와 다른 리의 실재성을 인정하기 때문에 그의 이론을 속성이원론의 일종으로 보는 것이 모순을 피하는 유일한 방법이라는 결론에 도달한다. 이런 논의를 통해, 우리는 율곡의 리기론에 대한 서양철학적 해석의 장단점을 어느 정도 파악할 수 있을 것이다. This paper concerns Yulgok`s theory of li 理 and ki 氣. The theory is indeed notorious for its difficulty in grasping the exact nature of, and relationship between, li and ki. The number of research papers on Yulgok has shown remarkable quantitative growth, but the quantitative growth does not guarantee the quality of the work. The most serious problem in the study on Neo-Confucianism in general is that scholars tend to summarize and understand his philosophy rather than attempt to evaluate the validity of it. Summarizing and understanding of a theory is required at primary level, but, as research results are accumulated to some extent, the process of evaluating a theory is also necessary. The purpose of the evaluation of a theory in terms of new methods of research and analysis is not only to find out whether there is anything worthwhile to preserving, but also to see the real value of the preservation. For this reason, I shall adopt some concepts and theories from Western philosophy and apply them to Yulgok`s theory. Above all, I shall focus on answering the question whether his theory is viewed as li-ki dualism or monism. Yulgok rejects any movability or activity to li and its separate and independent existence from ki, but never doubts its existence. As a result, I conclude that his theory is viewed not as a dualism but rather as a monism, and that it might be more properly classified as a property dualism of some sort. In doing this, I do not presuppose that the application of Western concepts and theories are absolutely necessary and good for understanding Yulgok`s theory or Neo-Confucianism in general, but suggest that we need to see whether there is any merit that we can get from that application.

Effects of pyridoxine on a high‐fat diet‐induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation depend on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus

Yoo, Dae Young,Kim, Woosuk,Yoo, Ki‐,Yeon,Nam, Sung Min,Chung, Jin Young,Yoon, Yeo Sung,Won, Moo‐,Ho,Hwang, In Koo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH - Vol.90 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study, we challenged pyridoxine to mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and investigated the effects of pyridoxine on HFD‐induced phenotypes such as blood glucose, reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus using Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX), respectively. Mice were fed a commercially available low‐fat diet (LFD) as control diet or HFD (60% fat) for 8 weeks. After 5 weeks of LFD or HFD treatment, 350 mg/kg pyridoxine was administered for 3 weeks. The administration of pyridoxine significantly decreased body weight in the HFD‐treated group. In addition, there were no significant differences in hepatic histology and pancreatic insulin‐immunoreactive (‐ir) and glucagon‐ir cells of the HFD‐treated group after pyridoxine treatment. In the HFD‐fed group, Ki67‐positive nuclei and DCX‐ir neuroblasts were significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus compared with those in the LFD‐fed mice. However, the administration of pyridoxine significantly increased Ki67‐positive nuclei and DCX‐ir neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus in both LFD‐ and HFD‐fed mice. In addition, the administration of pyridoxine significantly increased the protein levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the immunoreactivity of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) compared with the vehicle‐treated LFD‐ and HFD‐fed mice. In contrast, the administration of pyridoxine significantly decreased HFD‐induced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus. These results showed that pyridoxine supplement reduced the HFD‐induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus via controlling the levels of GAD67, pCREB, BDNF, and MDA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF MIBAL 未發 IN THE HORAK DEBATE

YOO WEON-KI 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2017 Acta Koreana Vol.20 No.1

The eighteenth-century Neo-Confucian scholars in Korea were deeply concerned with two questions, namely, whether human nature and non-human nature are the same or not and whether all human nature is the same or not. In answering the second question, they focused on the moral nature of mibalsimche 未發心體 by asking whether the state of the mind or mind-substance before the arousal of feelings (or thoughts) is morally good or not. As noted, in Neo-Confucianism the unaroused state of feelings chŏng情 is generally identified with a state of nature sŏng性 which is pure and clear, and which is therefore characterized as morally good. However, Korean Neo-Confucian scholars noticed that this characterization could be controversial since the account of the unaroused state given by the Chinese Neo-Confucian, Zhu Xi, was not clear enough, but ambiguous. The problem of mibal was a matter of interest since the Four-Seven Debate in the sixteenth century in Korea, and it once again became the subject of intense contention in the eighteenth-century debate between Yi Kan and Han Wŏn-jin, who endeavored to reveal the exact moral characteristics of human nature in terms of the qualities of human constituents, i.e. li and ki. In what follows, I shall begin by examining Zhu Xi’s diverse accounts of mibal, show the emergence of the problem of mibal in the Four-Seven Debate between Yi Hwang and Yi I, and, finally, discuss the moral nature in the state of mibal presented by Yi Kan and Han Wŏn-jin.

Effects of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Extract on Promotion of Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in C57BL/6 Mice

YOO, Dae Young,NAM, YoonYi,KIM, Woosuk,YOO, Ki-Yeon,PARK, Jaeil,LEE, Choong Hyun,CHOI, Jung Hoon,YOON, Yeo Sung,KIM, Dong-Woo,WON, Moo-Ho,HWANG, In Koo Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2011 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.73 No.1

<P><I>Ginkgo biloba </I>leaf extract (Gb) has been known to improve blood flow and preclude the tissue from free radical damage. Effects of Gb were examined by using Ki67, a specific proliferative marker for cellular proliferation, and doublecortin (DCX), a marker for immature neurons, indicating degree of neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult C57BL/6 mice. The mice were fed with Gb at 40 and 100 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. The increase of Ki67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the DG was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, the group having 100 mg/kg Gb showed a significant increase of DCX-immunoreactive neuroblasts with well-developed tertiary dendrites. Expression of DCX protein in the Gb groups was also significantly increased upon compared with the vehicle group. The results suggested that repeated intake of Gb would enhance cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse DG.</P>

The Hylomorphism of Aristotle and T’oegye

유원기(Yoo Weon-Ki) 동양사회사상학회 2005 사회사상과 문화 Vol.11 No.-

시대와 배경을 달리 하는 서로 다른 사상가들의 동질적이거나 이질적인 이론들의 비교를 통해 우리는 과거의 잘못에 대한 답습을 피하거나, 잊었던 과거의 사고로부터 우리가 현재 필요한 사고를 상기하거나, 또는 진리를 탐구함에 있어서 각각의 이론이 결여하고 있는 점을 보완할 수 있는 기회를 가질 수도 있다. 이러한 맥락에서, 이 논문은 각각 질료와 형상, 그리고 리와 기라는 개념으로 세계를 이해하는 아리스토텔레스와 이황의 관점을 비교하고, 어떤점에서 그들의 이론이 서로 상보적인 역할을 할 수 있는가를 검토한다. 이 논문의 근본적인 목적은 아리스토텔레스의 이론이 우월한가 또는 이황의 이론이 우월한가를 평가하는 데 있지 않으며, 오히려 진리를 탐구함에 있어서 서로가 지니고 있을지도 모르는 이론적 허점 내지는 약점이 있는가, 있다면 그것은 어떤 약점인가, 그리고 그런 약점은 어떤 식으로 보완될 수 있는가를 파악하는 데 있다. 이 논문에서는 아리스토텔레스의 질료/형상 개념과 주희의 리/기 개념을 비교하고, 또한 주희와 견해를 달리하는 이황의 리/기 개념의 특징을 살펴본다. 이 비교를 통해, 우리는 형상 또는 리가 물질보다 시간적으로 선재先在하지 않는다는 것이 위 사상가들의 공통적인 견해이지만, 아리스토텔레스나 주희와는 달리 이황은 리동설理動說, 리발설理發說, 리자도설理自到說을 주장함으로써 리의 동적인 측면을 주장하는 특징적인 면을 갖고 있다는 잘 알려진 결론에 도달하고, 그 결론이 함축하는 문제점을 지적한다. 무엇보다도 이 논문에서는 리기론이 이론적인 근거를 이루고 있는 이황의 사단칠정론을 아리스토텔레스의 현실태와 잠재태 이론을 통해 이해하려는 시론적인 해석이 시도된다. 성性은 물론이고 정情도 각각 체體와 용用의 두 가지 측면을 지닌다고 주장하는 이황의 주장이 담고 있는 의미를 정확하게 파악하기는 어렵다. 이와 관련하여, 나는 성과 정이 지닌 이러한 두 가지 측면, 즉 ‘성의 체/용’과 ‘정의 체/용’을 아리스토텔레스의 ‘제1 현실태와 제1 잠재태’라는 개념과 ‘제2 현실태와 제2 잠재태’라는 개념으로 설명될 수 있다는 주장을 제시한다. This paper concerns the hylomorphic distinction of Aristotle’s form and matter in relation to that of Yi Hwang’s li and ki. Both of them have something in common in that they try to understand worldly existents in terms of two components, i.e. form and matter, and li and ki. In this paper, I first examine each of their characteristics in detail. We shall see on what points they are the same and different. Secondly, I am concerned with the so-called Four-Seven Debate, a serious discussion of searching for the origin of the Four Beginnings (四端) and the Seven Feelings (七情) between the two Korean philosophers, Yi Hwang and Gi Dae-seung. An examination of this debate will show how, and through what courses, cosmological theories can be applied to ethical theories. In course of examining this Detabe, I try to make sense of Yi Hwang’s dichotomy of seong and jeong in terms of Aristotle's conception of actuality and potentiality. This will provides a new way of looking at Yi Hwang’s theory. My purpose in this paper is not to judge which of Aristotle’s theory or Yi Hwang’s theory was superior, but to find the truth by means of helping them and their readers to understand each other. I hope that this brief comparison between Western philosophy and Oriental philosophy or, to be more precise, Aristotle’s philosophy and Yi Hwang’s philosophy will interest the readers and give them the motive to study broader areas.

지중내 공동 탐지를 위한 비파괴 검사 기법에 대한 실험적 연구

유정동(Jund Dong?Yoo),양학모(Hak Mo?Yang),장기창(Ki Chang?Jang),강승민(Seung Min?Kang),조소현(So Hyun?Cho),김현기(Hyun-Ki?Kim),Seung Soo?Kim,Da Bin?Jin 대한토목학회 2018 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.10

The high dosage of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) extract decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus

Bing Chun Yan,Ki-Yeon Yoo,Joon Ha Park,Choong Hyun Lee,Jung Hoon Choi,Moo-Ho Won 대한해부학회 2011 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.44 No.3

Earthworm extract has shown anticancer characteristics. In the present study, we examined the effect of chronic treatment with a high dose of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) extract (EE) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of 3-week-old mice using 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry for cell proliferation and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry for neuroblast differentiation, respectively. BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-immunoreactive cells were easily detected in the subgranular zone of the DG in vehicle (saline)-treated mice. However, BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the 500 ㎎/㎏ EE-treated mice decreased distinctively compared to those in the vehicle-treated mice. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and its protein level decreased markedly in the DG of the EE-treated group compared to those in the vehicle-treated group. These results indicate that chronic treatment with high dose EE decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, and that BDNF immunoreactivity decreased in the DG of EE-treated mice.

The high dosage of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) extract decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus.

Yan, Bing Chun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Park, Joon Ha,Lee, Choong Hyun,Choi, Jung Hoon,Won, Moo-Ho Korean Association of Anatomists 2011 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.44 No.3

<P>Earthworm extract has shown anticancer characteristics. In the present study, we examined the effect of chronic treatment with a high dose of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) extract (EE) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of 3-week-old mice using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry for cell proliferation and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry for neuroblast differentiation, respectively. BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-immunoreactive cells were easily detected in the subgranular zone of the DG in vehicle (saline)-treated mice. However, BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the 500 mg/kg EE-treated mice decreased distinctively compared to those in the vehicle-treated mice. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and its protein level decreased markedly in the DG of the EE-treated group compared to those in the vehicle-treated group. These results indicate that chronic treatment with high dose EE decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, and that BDNF immunoreactivity decreased in the DG of EE-treated mice.</P>

Effects of Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes on Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in the Dentate Gyrus : Correlation with Memory Impairment

Jung Hoon Choi,In Koo Hwang,Sun Shin Yi,Ki-Yeon Yoo,Choong Hyun Lee,Hyung-Cheul Shin,Yeo Sung Yoon,Moo-Ho Won 대한해부학회 2009 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.42 No.1

We examined the effects of steptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes on cell proliferation and neuroblasts in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (SZDG) of male Wistar rats. Change in memory function was also investigated using the passive avoidance test. In the SZDG, Ki67 (a marker for cell proliferation) positive nuclei were significantly decreased at 2 and 3 weeks and slightly decreased at 4 weeks after STZ treatment. Doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuronal differentiation)-immunoreactive (+) neuroblasts with tertiary dendrites were significantly decreased in the STZ-treated group compared to those in the vehicle-treated group. However, DCX+ neuroblasts without tertiary dendrites were abundant at 4 weeks after STZ treatment. In addition, retention latency time in STZ-treated group was similar to that of vehicle-treated group at 2 and 3 weeks after STZ treatment. However, the retention latency time was significantly decreased at 4 weeks after STZ treatment. These results suggest that STZ significantly reduced cell proliferation and neuroblasts at 2~3 weeks after STZ treatment, but not at 4 weeks after STZ treatment although memory impairment was detected at 4 weeks after STZ treatment. The gradual reduction of DCX+ neuroblasts with tertiary dendrites may be associated with the impairment of hippocampus-related memory function.