Pore Structure of Ancient Chinese Bricks under Environmental Vicissitudes

Yongjing Tang,Zhendong Shao,Tianlong Xu 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.5

This paper studies the pore structures of ancient Chinese bricks. Two building groups consisting of seven ancient masonry buildings were examined: the Longmen Temple Group and Songyue Temple Group, both located in central China. The brick ages were examined by carbon-14 isotope measurements, the micro constituents by X-ray fluorescence experiments, and the pore structural characteristics by mercury intrusion porosimetry and saturation coefficient determination. The pore diameter rates of change were measured, calculated and analyzed. From the mercury intrusion porosimetry data, a linear relationship between the volume change of a sample and its age was determined for pores with diameters of 1-5 μm. The environmental vicissitudes caused the volumes of pores whose diameters are less than 1 μm to decrease and those of pores with diameters of 1-5 μm to increase. The change in the void volume as a function of pore size alters the material’s original porosity. Understanding the mechanics of how the pore structure of bricks changes over time sheds light on the relationship between material performance and environmental vicissitudes.

Hybrid intelligent gearshift control of technical vehicles based on AGA-NN

Yongjing Huang,Jin Yao,Jiahua Han,Hua Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.6 No.4

Two new complete mitochondrial genomes of Dorcus stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)

YongJing Chen,Jing Liu,YuYan Cao,Shiju Zhou,Xia Wan 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.8

The systematics of Dorcus MacLeay has been a long-standing debate. Mitochondrial genomes were widely used to deeply understand the phylogeny of problematic taxa in virtue of their genetic importance and comprehensiveness. To provide more useful genetic data for resolving the systematic disputation of Dorcus stag beetles. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Dorcus hopei and Dorcus seguyi were obtained using the next generation sequencing. Characteristics of the two genomes are explicated through comparing their genome organization and base composition, protein-coding genes and codon usage, intergenic spacers and non-coding region, transfer and ribosomal RNA genes and control region. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs from 9 stag beetles and 3 scarab beetles. The complete mitogenomes of D. hopei and D. seguyi was 16,026 bp/17,955 bp long, respectively. A tandem repeat with the length of 940 bp was presented in the A+T-rich region in D. hopei. An unexpected non-coding region of 332 bp was located between nad2 and trnW in D. seguyi. The phylogenetic analyses robustly supported that D. hopei formed a branch with the generic type of D. parallelipipedus. Whereas D. seguyi was not covered in the branch of (D. hopei + D. parallelipipedus), but was sister to them. The results indicated that D. hopei should be a good member of Dorcus MacLeay. The taxonomic status of D. seguyi remained to be studied furtherly.

Field Testing and Analysis During Top-down Construction of Super-tall Buildings in Shanghai

Yongjing Tang,Xihong Zhao 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.2

Although certain measurements regarding super-tall buildings constructed using the top-down method have been published, new advances in top-down construction have been developed with the construction of super-tall buildings in China. This paper presents the theory of soil-structure interactions in pile foundations and extends it to the top-down construction method. Based on this theory, the forces and the deformation of the diaphragm wall, slab and soldier piles at various stages of construction can be computed. Two typical tall buildings of 60 and 37 stories with deeply embedded 4-level and 5-level basements located in Shanghai were used as case studies of the vertical displacements of their diaphragm walls and soldier piles, the deflections of the diaphragm walls, the earth pressures, and the rebar stresses during top-down construction. The values measured in the field agree well with the predicted values from soilstructure interactions theory and statistical-empirical formulas. Two additional super-tall buildings of 101 and 121 stories, in which the 4- level and 5-level basements and the main buildings are round, are discussed regarding their unique deformational characteristics. In addition, the diaphragm wall can serve a load-sharing function. These engineering case studies, including the comprehensive predictions of deformation based on field tests and estimates using statistical formulas, can improve tall building design.

New Approach Based on Plane and Circular Fitting to Survey the Axial Shape and Assess the Inclination of Ancient Chinese Pagodas

Yongjing Tang,Suihui Wang 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.5

This paper presents a practical new approach for determining the geometric shape of an ancient pagoda structure and its axial shape along its height. Because of ancient Chinese pagodas’ unique characteristics (multiple eaves, Dougong, and vague edges), it is difficult to select appropriate measurement points. Moreover, the plane size of most ancient Chinese pagodas decreases from the bottom to the top floor. Considering these characteristics, we employed an electronic total station to monitor more than three measurement points of each wall façade of each pagoda floor, fitted plane equations using 3-D coordinates of the monitored measurement points and the least square method, calculated the corner points coordinates of each floor or cross section selected, fitted a circumscribed circle of each floor using the corner point coordinates and spatial axial equations based on the central coordinates, and performed an inclination evaluation of the ancient Chinese pagoda. This approach is practical and can be widely used in other high-rise polygonal buildings that have different plane sizes for each floor.

Chemical Bond Structure on Si-O-C Composite Films with a Low Dielectric Constant Deposited by Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Shou-YongJing,Heon-JuLee,ChiKyuChoi 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.41 No.5

Si-O-C composite films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates by using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition with a mixture of a bis-trimethylsilymethane (BTMSM) precursor gas and oxygen. The BTMSM and O2 gases were fully dissociated, and an electron density and an electron temperature of about 1012 cm-3 and 1.6 eV, respectively, were obtained at low pressures (<320 mTorr) when the rf power was about 300 W. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the bonding configurations, Si-O-Si, Si-O-C, Si-CH3; and OH-related bonds, in the films. The film annealed at 500 oC in a vacuum showed a re-arrangement of the chemical bonds in the Si-O-C composite film, and some of Si-O-Si open links were changed into ring links. Therefore, a nanopore structure was formed within the Si-O-C composite film, and as a result, the dielectric constant decreased. The lowest dielectric constant achieved was 2.3.

Hyper-branched sensing polymer directly constructed on a resonant micro-cantilever for the detection of trace chemical vapor

Liu, Yongjing,Xu, Pengcheng,Yu, Haitao,Zuo, Guomin,Cheng, Zhenxing,Lee, D.-W.,Li, Xinxin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.34

<P>A hyper-branched polymer is layer-by-layer self-assembled on a resonant micro-cantilever and, then, functionalized with sensing-terminals for the specific detection of the trace chemical vapor of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP, a typical simulant for nerve agents). The hyper-branched polymer is directly constructed on the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface of the cantilever <I>via</I> an A<SUB>2</SUB> + B<SUB>4</SUB> layer-by-layer route, where A<SUB>2</SUB> and B<SUB>4</SUB> are complementary interacting groups which undergo coupled linking. After modification with 4-(2-(4-(allyloxy)phenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl)phenol (APHFPP) groups specific to DMMP, the high specific-surface-area hyper-branched polymer provides very dense sensing sites to adsorb a great number of DMMP molecules for micro-gravimetric detection. Moreover, the sensing polymer possesses a “more branches but fewer roots” configuration on the cantilever surface to depress the cross-talk effect caused by adsorption induced cantilever spring-stiffening. Experimental results indicate that, self-assembled with the hyper-branched sensing polymer, the resonant cantilevers exhibit rapid and reproducible detection of trace DMMP (with the detection limit lower than 7.2 ppb) and effectively depressed parasitic frequency-shift from the cantilever spring stiffening effect. In addition, the sensor features satisfactory selectivity in the presence of water and organic solvents. When an alternative sensing-group of 2-allylhexafluoroisopropanol (AHFIP) is modified on the hyper-branched architecture, the cantilever becomes specifically sensitive to trace explosive vapor. Therefore, the developed technique for the functionalization of hyper-branched polymer directly grown on a cantilever provides a widely usable micro/nano sensing-platform for the detection of trace chemical vapors.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A hyperbranched polymer is directly grafted onto a resonant micro-cantilever surface. The polymer is functionalized with sensing terminal groups and it exhibits the selective, rapid and reproducible detection to trace dimethyl methylphosphonate, with the detection limit lower than 7.2 ppb. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm33202g'> </P>

Vitamin D Receptor Gene, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Susceptibility: Meta-Analysis

Luming Nong,Yongjing Huang,Shujie Zhao,Nanwei Xu 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.5

Several studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) polymorphisms and the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration susceptibility. The findings were inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the association between vitamin D receptor, MMP-3 polymorphisms and the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration susceptibility. A search of various databases was done covering all papers published until December 31th, 2014. Eight, 4, 3 studies were finally included that addressed the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration susceptibility and vitamin D receptor FokI (rs2228570), ApaI (rs7975232), and MMP-3 (rs731236) polymorphisms, respectively. FokI (f vs. F: summary odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.69; ff vs. FF: OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.59–1.77; ff vs. Ff/FF: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.70–1.58), ApaI (a vs. A: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.45–1.19; aa vs. AA: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.22–1.25 p =0.14; aa vs. AA/Aa: OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53–0.89) in the vitamin D receptor gene and MMP3 polymorphisms (5A vs. 6A: OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.77–4.80; 5A5A vs. 6A6A: OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 0.75–6.24; 5A5A vs. 5A6A/6A6A: OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.72–3.44) were not obviously associated with risk of intervertebral disc degeneration susceptibility. FokI, ApaI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and MMP-3 polymorphism are not obvious risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration susceptibility.

Influence of chlorinated disinfection by-products on transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in biofilms and water of a simulated drinking water distribution system

Minglu Zhang,Lingyue Zhang,Kaizong Lin,Yue Wang,Shaofeng Xu,Miao Bai,Hairong Jiang,Shuangling Wang,Yongjing Wang,Can Zhang 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.4

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) caused by biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) poses a serious threat to human health. The influence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the distribution of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in different phases (biofilms and water) of DWDSs is unclear. In this study, the characteristics of microbial indices, trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), ARGs and MGEs in biofilms and effluents of simulated DWDS reactors were detected during 150 d of operation. During the mature biofilm periods of 90 d or 120 d, for both biofilms and effluents, seven categories of ARGs (except tetracycline) and MGEs were at their highest and lowest relative abundance in the entire operation cycle, respectively. The influence of DBPs on ARGs and MGEs in the DWDS was different in different phases. In effluents, DBPs showed a stronger relationship with ARGs compared with MGEs. THMs and HAAs had positive correlations with various ARGs, which indicated that DBPs affected the distribution of resistance genes. In biofilms, the influence of MGEs on ARGs was stronger than that of DBPs on ARGs. Thus, DBPs might be an important contributor to the enrichment and spread of ARGs in water.

Type Prediction of Stripped-envelope Supernovae by Wind-driven Mass Loss Progenitor Model

Yongje Jeong,Sung-Chul Yoon 한국천문학회 2020 天文學會報 Vol.45 No.1