New method for rapidly estimating population densities of the concealed wood‐borer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the field

Xiao‐Yi Wang,Zhong-qi Yang,Chun-Nan SITU,Jian WANG,Fu-Yong FU 한국곤충학회 2016 Entomological Research Vol.46 No.2

To rapidly estimate pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, population densities in forests, the vertical distributions of M. alternatus oviposition sites and larvae on infested Masson pines (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were studied. Results showed that the number of oviposition sites on sections of trunks between 0 and 2 m above ground was significantly greater than on sections of trunk above 2 m, and the vertical distribution had a significant logarithmic relationship with trunk height. The larval number of M. alternatus on dead infested trees had a significant difference among heights of trunks. Sections on trunks at 2–4 m usually contained the largest number of M. alternatus larvae, while the number of larvae on trunks above 10 m declined significantly, as well as in the 1 m section of trunk at the base. The vertical distribution of M. alternatus larvae on dead infested pines showed a distinct parabolic relationship with trunk height. The number of oviposition sites of M. alternatus on infested Masson pine trunks revealed a significant exponential relationship with the diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees. A significant positive linear relationship also was observed between M. alternatus larval number and DBH on the host pine trees, as well as between the numbers of larvae and oviposition sites on an individual tree. The total number of larvae in an infested tree could be calculated easily using an established equation, through counting the number of oviposition sites at 3–4 m of trunk aboveground. This study developed a practical method for rapid estimation of M. alternatus populations.

The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

Xiao‑xia Ma,Yi‑ning Wang,Xiao‑an Cao,Xue‑rui Li,Yong‑sheng Liu,Jian‑hua Zhou,Xue‑peng Cai 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.9

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) with a conserved amino acid usage pattern plays an important role in viral replication. The primary objective of this study was to estimate roles of synonymous codon usages of PPRV N gene and tRNA abundances of host in the formation of secondary structure of N protein. The potential effects of synonymous codon usages of N gene and tRNA abundances of host on shaping different folding units (α-helix, β-strand and the coil) in N protein were estimated, based on the information about the modeling secondary structure of PPRV N protein. The synonymous codon usage bias was found in different folding units in PPRV N protein. To better understand the role of translation speed caused by variant tRNA abundances in shaping the specific folding unit in N protein, we modeled the changing trends of tRNA abundance at the transition boundaries from one folding unit to another folding unit (β-strand → coil, coil → β-strand, α-helix → coil, coil → α-helix). The obvious fluctuations of tRNA abundance were identified at the two transition boundaries (β-strand → coil and coil → β-strand) in PPRV N protein. Our findings suggested that viral synonymous codon usage bias and cellular tRNA abundance variation might have potential effects on the formation of secondary structure of PPRV N protein.

北宋礼学思想发展的二重路径

肖永明,殷慧 한중인문학회 2008 한중인문학연구 Vol.25 No.-

정치, 경제, 문화 등의 영향으로 북송시대 유가사상은 명확하게 두 갈래 양상으로 나뉘어졌는데, 바로 이구(李覯), 왕안석(王安石) 등의 '주례(周禮)를 기본 정석으로 삼아 예학제도 확립을 추구하여 부국강병을 이루자라는 측면과 장재(張載), 二程(정호<程顥>와 정이<程頤>)으로 대표되는 理學(성리학)자들의 '禮에 대하여 도덕적 사색(形而上學의)을 함으로써 철학의 체계를 세우자'라는 측면이다. 공통적으로 이 두 갈래 견해는 모두 예의 중요성을 강조하고 있으며, 한편으로 '모든 것이 禮로 통 한다'라는 관점을 드러내고 있고, 다른 한편으로는 '禮는 곧 理이다'라는 사상을 잘 설명하고 있다. Under the influence of politics, economy and culture in the Northern Song, the thought on rite has two obvious branches. Based on the Rites of Zhou, Ligou and Wanganshi tended to establish the system on rite to strengthen the country; The other branch inclined to seek a way to view the thought on rite morally and construct it at the philosophical aspect, with three Neo-Confucianists-Zhangzai and Cheng brothers as the representatives. Both emphasized the importance of rite, one put forward the point view that "rite is the general form" while the other expressed the thought of "rite is the principle".

朱熹编撰 《仪礼经传通解》 的过程与挑战

殷慧(Yin Hui),肖永明 (Xiao Yong Ming) 새한철학회 2011 哲學論叢 Vol.64 No.2

주희의 <의례경전통해>편찬 과정과 그것이 직면한 도전에 대한 고증을 통해 주희 예학이 무학과 영가학의 영향을 받은 흔적을 발견 할 수 있으며, 또한 유가경전과 역사학에 의해 동화된 점도 발견할 수 있다. Through textual research of the process and challenge in the compilation of Zhu Xi's YiLiJingZhuanTongJie, it found that, assimilating the study of Confucian classics and historiography. Zhu Xi;s ritual study was influenced by the Wu-school and Yong-jia school.

Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Carrying MicroRNA-223-3p

Yong-Ping Chen,Feng-Bin Lu,Da-Zhi Chen,Lu Chen,En-De Hu,Jin-Lu Wu,Hui Li,Yue-Wen Gong,Zhuo Lin,Xiao-Dong Wang,Ji Li,Xiao-Ya Jin,Lan-Man Xu 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

MicroRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) is one of the potential microRNAs that have been shown to alleviate inflammatory responses in pre-clinical investigations and is highly encased in exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes). MSC-exosomes are able to function as carriers to deliver microRNAs into cells. Autoimmune hepatitis is one of the challenging liver diseases with no effective treatment other than steroid hormones. Here, we examined whether MSC-exosomes can transfer miR-223-3p to treat autoimmune hepatitis in an experimental model. We found that MSC-exosomes were successfully incorporated with miR-223-3p and delivered miR-223-3p into macrophages. Moreover, there was no toxic effect of exosomes on the macrophages. Furthermore, treatments of either exosomes or exosomes with miR-223-3p successfully attenuated inflammatory responses in the liver of autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory cytokine release in both the liver and macrophages. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-223-3p level and STAT3 expression in the liver and macrophages. These results suggest that MSC-exosomes can be used to deliver miR-223-3p for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.

Development of a New Duplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Dicer in G. gallus

( Xiao Lin Ji ),( Qi Wang ),( Yu Long Gao ),( Yong Qiang Wang ),( Li Ting Qin ),( Xiao Le Qi ),( Hong Lei Gao ),( Xiao Mei Wang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.5

Recently, there has been a growing body of evidence showing that cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in virus-host interactions. Numerous studies have focused on analyses of the expression profiles of cellular miRNAs, but the expression patterns of Dicer, which is responsible for the generation of miRNAs, have only rarely been explored in Gallus gallus. We developed a duplex realtime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay for the relative quantification of the mRNAs of Dicer and β-actin in G. gallus. To apply this method, the expression of Dicer in avian cells after infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was detected using our established duplex real-time RT-PCR. The duplex realtime RT-PCR assay is sufficiently sensitive, specific, accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective for the detection of Dicer in G. gallus. Furthermore, this study, for the first time, demonstrated that ALV-J can induce differential expression of Dicer mRNA in the ALV-J-infected cells.

Fast Transient Buck Converter Using a Hysteresis PWM Controller

Yong-Xiao Liu,Jin-Bin Zhao,Ke-Qing Qu 전력전자학회 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.6

In this paper, a fast transient buck converter using hysteresis PWM control is presented. The proposed control method is based on hysteresis control of the capacitor C voltage. This offers a faster transient response to meet the challenges of the power supply requirements for fast dynamic input and load changes. It also provides better stability and solves the compensation problem of the error amplifier in conversional voltage PWM control. Finally, the steady-state and dynamic operation of the proposed control method are analyzed and verified by simulation and experimental results.

Effect of the Oxygen Flux Ratio on the Structural and the Optical Properties of Silver-oxide Films Deposited by Using the Direct-current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Method

Xiao-Yong Gao,Hong-Liang Feng,Zeng-Yuan Zhang,Jiao-Min Ma,Meng-Ke Zhao,Chao Chen,Jin-Hua Gu,Shi-E Yang,Yong-Sheng Chen,Jing-Xiao Lu 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.2

Using values of the oxygen flux ratio (OFR = [O2]/[Ar]) ranging from 0 to 0.5, authors deposited a series of silver-oxide (Ag_xO) films on glass substrates by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering (DC sputtering) at a substrate temperature of 150 ℃. The effect of the OFR on the film’s structural and optical properties was systematically investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The Ag_xO films deposited clearly show an evolution of the film’s phase structure from the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) structure to the biphased (AgO + Ag_2O) structure and then to the single-phased (Ag_2O) structure as value of the OFR increases. Accordingly, the film’s surface morphology, related to the film’s crystalline structure, clearly changes from a loose and porous surface structure to a compact surface structure and then to a pyramid-like surface structure with increasing value of the OFR. The novel porous structure may be attributed to the interruption of the silver’s growth course by the AgO on the film’s surface. Notably, a single-phased Ag_2O film is deposited by DC-sputtering at OFR = 0.5 due to the dual effects of thermal decomposition of the AgO phase and a combination reaction of AgO and Ag to Ag_2O. The oscillations both in the film’s reflectivity and transmissivity spectra are strengthened with increasing OFR, indicating an evolution from the metallic behavior of the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) film to the dielectric behavior of the biphased (Ag_2O + AgO) film and the single-phased Ag2O film. The fitted optical absorption edges of the Ag_2O and the Ag_xO films deposited at values of the OFR of 0.5 and 0.33 are approximately 2.43 eV and 2.34 eV, respectively. The absorption edges are closely related to the direct interband transitions.

High Precision FE Modeling for Predicting Inner Polygon Defect of Hot Rolled Seamless Steel Tubes

Yong-Zheng Jiang,Yong-Zheng Jiang,Xiao-Ping Zhang,Kuan-Fang He,Guan-Fu Bin 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.11

A high precision FE model is the key basis for cause analysis and overcoming of inner polygon defect of hot rolled seamless steel tubes. In this paper, the viscoelastic-plastic FEM is adopted in order to develop a high precision FE model for predicting the defect of inner polygon. Mechanical properties of tube material under rolling environment is obtained through five sets of high temperature compression tests, thus the viscoelastic-plastic constitutive equation of tube material is regressed and agrees with the tests results. Heat transfer boundary conditions, roll constant speed and contact friction boundary conditions are applied simultaneously on the FE model and thermo-mechanical coupled explicit algorithm is adopted for solution. The precision of the FE model is verified through industry experiments. Results shows the simulated inner wall shape is in good accordance with the experiment results, and the friction force, stress, strain and temperature distribution in the deformation zone are also discussed. It can be concluded that the viscoelastic-plastic FE model is of high precision and can be applied for better analysis of the hot rolling results.

Insect-specific microRNA involved in the development of the silkworm Bombyx mori

Yong Zhang,Xue Zhou,Xie Ge,Jiang-Hao Jiang,Mu-Wang Li,Shi-Hai Jia,Xiao-Nan Yang,Yun-Chao Kan,Xue-Xia Miao,Guo-Ping Zhao,Fei Li,Yong-Ping Huang 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding genes that participate in post-transcription regulation by either degrading mRNA or blocking its translation. It is considered to be very important in regulating insect development and metamorphosis. Insects are the largest group of animals and are extremely valuable in biological and agriculture research. Insects are also important pests to human health and agriculture, and efforts are necessary protect both humans and plants from disease and damage. Despite their importance, insects lag behind mammals, nematodes, and plants in miRNA research. At present, only 279 insect miRNAs have been identified from Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, and D. pseudoobscura in miRBase, and most of these miRNAs were computationally predicted without experimental validation. Functional analysis of insect miRNAs has only been conducted in D. melanogaster.