Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines

Bolan, Shiv,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Seshadri, Balaji,Choppala, Girish,Naidu, Ravi,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Ok, Yong Sik,Zhang, Ming,Li, Chun-Guang,Li, Feng,Noller, Barry,Kirkham, Mary Beth Elsevier 2017 Environment international Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The last few decades have seen the rise of alternative medical approaches including the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines, which are collectively known as ‘Complementary medicines’. However, there are increasing concerns on the safety and health benefits of these medicines. One of the main hazards with the use of complementary medicines is the presence of heavy metal(loid)s such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). This review deals with the characteristics of complementary medicines in terms of heavy metal(loid)s sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and human risk assessment. The heavy metal(loid)s in these medicines are derived from uptake by medicinal plants, cross-contamination during processing, and therapeutic input of metal(loid)s. This paper discusses the distribution of heavy metal(loid)s in these medicines, in terms of their nature, concentration, and speciation. The importance of determining bioavailability towards human health risk assessment was emphasized by the need to estimate daily intake of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. The review ends with selected case studies of heavy metal(loid) toxicity from complementary medicines with specific reference to As, Cd, Pb, and Hg. The future research opportunities mentioned in the conclusion of review will help researchers to explore new avenues, methodologies, and approaches to the issue of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines, thereby generating new regulations and proposing fresh approach towards safe use of these medicines.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A first-time comprehensive overview on the health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines </LI> <LI> Ayurvedic medicines contain toxic levels of heavy metal(loid)s including As, Cd, Hg and Pb </LI> <LI> The bioavailability of metal(loid)s in complementary medicines depends on speciation of these metals </LI> <LI> Regular intake of some complementary medicines has caused metal(loid) toxicity in humans </LI> <LI> Health risk assessment can be achieved based on the daily intake of complementary medicines and total metal(loid) content </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Interactions between heavy metal(loid)s and complementary medicines.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

왕겨에 의한 신령버섯균사체 액체배양액의 생쥐 항복수암성 증가

Young S. Kim(김영숙),Wook J. Jang(장욱진),Md. A. Rakib(라키브),Jung M. Kwon(권정민),Chae R. Ahn(안채린),So Y. Kim(김소영),Yong U. Cho(조용운),Young K. Ha(하영권),Jeong O. Kim(김정옥),Yeong L. Ha(하영래) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.9

왕겨가 Agaricus blazei Murill (AB: 신령버섯)균사체 액체배양 추출물의 항암성을 증가시키는지에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. AB균사체를 대두박을 기본으로 한 액체배지에 다양한 조건으로 배양하여, β-glucan 함량, Brix, 균사체를 측정하여 적정 생육조건을 선정하고, 이들의 열수추출물의 S-180 cell로 유도한 mouse 복수암에 대한 항암성을 조사하였다. AB균사체는 25℃에서 5일간 배양하였을 때 최적 생육을 나타내었고, 이 배양물이 다른 조건에서 배양한 배양물보다 우수한 항암성을 나타내었다. AB균사체의 생육 및 항암성은 변온배양에 따른 효과는 없었다. 따라서 이 최적배양조건(25℃, 5일 배양)에서 AB균사체를 1% 왕겨분말이 함유된 액체배지에 배양하고, 이의 열수 추출물의 항암성을 검증하였다. 1% 왕겨가 함유된 액체배지에서 배양한 열수추출물의 항암성은 왕겨가 함유되지 않은 배지의 열수추출물보다 항암성이 유의성 있게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 왕겨의 첨가는 AB균사체의 생육을 오히려 촉진시켰다. 이 결과는 왕겨가 AB균사체 뿐 만 아니라 다른 버섯균사체 액체배양물의 항암성 증진을 위한 원료로 활용될 수 있을 것임을 의미한다. The effects of rice hull (RH) powder on the anticarcinogenic activity of submerged-liquid cultures of Agaricus blazei Murill (AB) were assessed for mouse ascites cancers induced by mouse Sarcoma S-180 (S-180) cancer cells. Optimal growth of AB mycelia in the basal liquid culture medium, containing soybean meal, was achieved by culturing at 25℃ for 5 days, when evaluated by β-glucan content, Brix, and mycelial weight, relative to other culture conditions. Hot-water extract (HWE) of the submergedliquid culture of AB mycelia grown at 25℃ for 5 days exhibited a stronger anticarcinogenic activity, relative to HWE from other culture conditions. No such effects were obtained from AB mycelial cultures by alternative temperature-controlling cultures. Both cytotoxicity for S-180 cells and anticarcinogenic potentials for mouse ascites cancer of the HWE from AB mycelia grown in the basal medium containing 1% RH powder for 5 days at 25℃ were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced, relative to HWE from the AB mycelia culture of the basal medium without RH powder. These results indicate that HWE of submerged-liquid culture of AB mycelia, incubated in media containing 1% RH powder at 25℃ for 5 days, enhanced anticarcinogenic activity against S-180 cell-induced mouse ascites cancer, and suggest that RH powder is an excellent ingredient for the improvement of the anticarcinogenic potentials of the submerged-liquid culture of mushroom mycelia.

衝擊波動 重疊原理에 의한 耐衝擊性 3重壁構造 Polymer

申容珍,崔勝平,梁京承,白昌鉉 朝鮮大學校 自然科學硏究所 1995 自然科學硏究 Vol.18 No.1

In thermoplasticity polymer, mean molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are the important factors which effect the physical property. If impact strength(I.S-) is high, tensile strength(T.S.) and flating weight(F.W-) are low. Because of the reciprocal relation I.S. and T.S. there set a limit to satisfy I.S. and T.S. in single matter at the same time. Applying the superposition principle to the polymer, extemal impact wave pulse on the 3-1ayered stmcture may be changed to the transmitted wave and reflected wave, and then separated waves lose the mechanical energy to the S-layered structure which contains different molecular weight. There is the dispersion and attenuation of the impact energy, hence at the low temperature impact strength and tensile strength synchronously are high.

Cloning and expression patterns of 14-3-3ζ from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Mi Young Noh,Yong Hun Jo,Cheol Hong Park,Young S. Hong,San Sun Kang,Yong Seok Lee,Iksoo Kim,Namjung Kim,Seongon Kim,Jong Dae Park,Yeon Soo Han 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

14-3-3 proteins are known to play a pivotal role in a diverse array of cellular events such as cell survival, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Numerous 14-3-3 ζ have been cloned and characterized from a host of eukaryotic organisms including human, plants, yeast, fruit fly and silkworm. However, no study on Spodoptera exigua 14-3-3ζ in conjunction with virus infection has so far been reported in insects. It appears that expression of Se14-3-3ζ was decreased starting 24 h post-SeNPV infection as SeNPV titers seemed to increase as evidenced by intense bands of SeNPV IAP3. Interestingly, confocal microscopic analysis revealed that Se14-3-3ζ is expressed at the apical side of the NPV-uninfected gut cells, whereas it was detected mainly in the nucleus of the NPV-infected cells. Thus, despite the biological significance of Se14-3-3ζ in S. exigua in conjunction with molecular interactions between SeNPV and S. exigua is unclear now, our data suggest that Se14-3-3 ζ protein plays a role to protect S. exigua from the infection or inhibit replication of SeNPV.

後天性 免疫缺乏症 感染實態에 關한 硏究

龍群鎬,申榮午,尹在得,李雄洙,朴貴禮,徐敎一,崔貞喜,奇美京,金成順,白善榮,南廷球,李承旭 국립보건연구원 1989 국립보건원보 Vol.26 No.

On the goodness of some types of fuzzy paracompactness in Sostak’s fuzzy topology

Yong Chan Kim,S. E. Abbas 한국지능시스템학회 2005 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.5 No.1

We introduce in Sostak’s fuzzy topological spaces definitions of paracompactness, almost paracompactness, and near paracompactness all of which turn to be good extensions of their classical topological counterparts. Fuzzy semi-paracompact, para S-closed and weakly paracompact spaces are treated to a similar approach.

16S Ribosomal RNA 유전자 증폭에 의한 Leptospira interrogans 검출

정석찬,구복경,문진산,정병열,박용호,양창근,최원필,조현주,Masri, S.A. 한국수의공중보건학회 1998 예방수의학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Some Chinese Words Misunderstood by the Jungar Tuvan Informants

( Yong-Sŏng Li ) 중앙아시아학회 2021 中央아시아硏究 Vol.26 No.2

Tuvan belongs to the adaq-group of Turkic languages. Tuvan and its related dialects/languages can be collectively referred to as the so-called “Sayan-Turkic”. They are broadly divided into two groups: (A) the languages of the steppe region and (B) the languages of the taiga region. The Tuvans live mainly in the Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation. They inhabit also neighboring Mongolia and northern Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region in China. Supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant, the following two successive research projects were carried out by the Altaic Society of Korea. The material discussed in this paper was obtained from the fieldwork conducted on Jungar Tuvan from April 28 to May 4, 2005. The 40 or so words that the informants answered incorrectly can be classified as follows: 1. Cases where Chinese words are exactly homophonic up to the tone; 2. Cases where the informant misunderstood the pronunciation of Chinese words; 3. Cases where Chinese words are polysemous; 4. Cases where the informants did not know the exact meaning of Chinese words.

Impact of White Matter Changes on Activities of Daily Living in Mild to Moderate Dementia

Moon, So Young,Na, Duk L.,Seo, Sang Won,Lee, Jun-Young,Ku, Bon D.,Kim, Seong Yoon,Park, Kyung Won,Shim, Yong S.,Youn, Young Chul,Chung, Chan-Seung,Cheong, Hae-Kwan,Choi, Seong Hye,Cha, Kyung Ryeol,Kim S. Karger AG 2011 European neurology Vol.65 No.4

<P>The association between white matter changes and activities of daily living (ADL) in a large, well-defined cohort of patients with mild-to-moderate dementia (either Alzheimer’s disease or subcortical vascular dementia) were investigated. A total of 289 patients were divided into three groups (140 mild, 99 moderate, and 50 severe) depending on the degree of white matter changes as indicated on brain magnetic resonance image scans. Further, we analyzed the three groups’ performances on basic and instrumental ADL. The degree of white matter changes was associated with greater age, hypertension, previous history of stroke, higher Hachinski Ischemic Score, worse global cognitive and functional status, and an increased impairment of basic ADL and instrumental ADL. The increased impairment with regard to the severe group’s performance on both the basic and instrumental ADL remained significant after adjustment for age and hypertension. Tasks involving physical activities were most significant. This was the first study investigating the association between white matter changes and ADL in a large, well-defined dementia cohort. The present study suggests that severe white matter changes may be associated with higher impairment on both basic and instrumental ADL.</P><P>Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

S355NL 열간단조 특성평가

권용남(Yong-Nam Kwon),김남용(N. Y. Kim),김국주(K. J. Kim),이진모(J. M. Lee),이영선(Y. S. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2010 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

본 연구에서는 대형단조품 열간단조에 미치는 단보지의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실제 실험과 유한요소해석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 열간단조 조건내에서는 열간단조비의 영향이 크게 발생하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 함께 서영 및 냉각공정의 해석을 통하여 실제 단조품의 미세조직을 예측하는데 활용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Hot forging characteristics of S355NL steel for wind mill parts have been studied in the present study. Firstly, three different sized billets were prepared and forged at the temperature of 1250℃. Forged microstructure as well as mechanical properties was characterized to verify the effect of forging ratio. Also, a conventional finite element analysis consisting of both forging and cooling of forged billets was carried out to simulate forged part’s microstructure numerically. These data were compared with thermodynamic calculation results in the end.