$\Theta$-Derivations on Prime Rings

Kyoo-Hong Park,Yong-Soo Jung 한국전산응용수학회 2003 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.12 No.1-2

In this paper we show the following: Let R be a prime ring (withcharacteristic dierent wo) and a ∈R. Let Θ, :R → R be automorphisms andletd :R → R be a nonzero Θ-derivation. (iif [d(x), a]Θ = 0 (or d([x, a]) = 0 )for all x ∈R, then a + (a) ∈Z, the center ofR, (iiif .d(x), a. = 0 for allx ∈R, then d(a) = 0. (iiiif [ ad(x), x] = 0 for all x ∈R, then eithera = 0 o rR is commutative.AMS Mathematics Subject Classication : 16W25, 16W20, 16U80Key words and phrases : Prime ring, Θ-derivation1. IntroductionThroughout this paper,R will represent an associative ring andZ will be itscenter. Letx,y∈R. The commutatorxy yx will be denoted by [x, y] and theproductxy+ yx by .x, y.. Let:R → R be an automorphism. We write [x, y]forxy (y)x, and will make extensive use of the following basic commutatoridentities: [xy, z] = x[y, z] + [x, z]y, [xy, z] = x[y, z]+ [x, (z)]y =x[y, z]+[x, z]y, [x, yz]=[x, y]z + (y)[x, z].Let Θ :R → R be an automorphism. An additive mapping d :R → R iscalled a Θ-derivation ifd(xy)=d(x)y ( x)d(y) for all x, y∈R.A 1-derivation is called simply a derivation, where 1 :R → R is the identitymap. A derivationd is inner if there exists ana ∈R such thatd(x)=[x, a] forall x ∈R.LetR be a prime ring with characteristic dierent wo andd : R → R anonzero derivation. In [1], I. N. Herstein proved that ifa ∈R and [d(x), a]=0Received July 10, 2002. Revised January 23, 2003This work was done under the support of Seowon University Research Fund 2002.c. 2003 Korean Society for Computational & Applied Mathematics.313314 Kyoo-Hong Park and Yong-Soo Jungfor allx ∈R, thena ∈Z. As a continuation of our earlier works for derivations([2], [3]), we here improve the above result and obtain some analogous results.

DNA 감지를 위한 MOSFET형 전하검출센서의 제작 및 특성

정용택,김동선,류홍근,박혜정,신장규,최평,이종현,임근배 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

어떤 흰쥐 뇌에서 부신절제가 전기경련 충격에 의한 조기유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

하규섭,강웅구,정희연,주연호,조수철,박주배,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

부신피질 호르몬이 70g 이내의 어린 흰쥐의 뇌에서 전기경련 충격에 의한 조기유전자(IEG)의 발현에 미치는 급성 효과 및 만성 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 70g 이내의 생식선이 발달하지 않은 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐에서 양측 부신을 절제한지 3일과 14일 후에 전기경련 충격으로 경련을 유발시켜 대뇌 피질과 해마에서 c-fos, jun B, TIS 1 의 발현 양상을 관찰하고 이를 대조군과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 부신절제 후 대뇌 피질에서 전기경련 충격에 의한 c-fos와 jun B mRNA 발현은 일찍 최대치에 도달하고 일찍 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 초기의 발현이 강화되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 jun B가 c-fos 보다 뚜렷하였으며, 부신절제 후 3일이 경과된 경우보다 14일이 경과된 경우가 뚜렷하였다. 2) TIS 1의 경우에는 대뇌 피질에서 이러한 초기 발현의 강화가 관찰되지 않았으며, 부신절제 14일된 어린 흰쥐에서만 발현이 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 3) 부신절제는 해마에서는 전기경련 충격에 의한 c-fos와 jun B의 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 부신절제 3일 후 전기경련 충격에 의한 TIS 1의 발현은 억제되는 경향이 관찰되었으나, 부신절제 14일 후에는 이러한 경향이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 부신절제는 전기경련 충격에 의한 IEG의 발현에 영향을 미치며, 그 영향은 흰쥐의 뇌의 부위, IEG의 종류에 따라 차이가 있음을 알수 있었고, 흰쥐의 연령 및 부신피질 호르몬을 제거한 기간 등의 영향도 있음을 확인할수 있었다. To evaluate the influences of adrenocortical hormone on the signal transduction system in young brain, the authors observed the effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the induction of immediate early genes(IEGs) such as c-fos, jun B, and TIS 1 by electroconvulsive shock(ECS) in the young rats. The young(70g) male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ECS(130V, 0.5sec) at day 3 or 14 after bilateral adrenalectomy. They were sacrificed at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after ECS and cerebral cortex and hippocampus were dissected from their brans . The induction of IEGs were assessed with northern by hybridization. The band intensities of the autoradiographs measured by densitometer were compared between adrenalectomized group and sham-operated control group. In the cerebral cortex, c-fos and jun B appeared and disappeared earlier, and enhanced in the earlier phase of the induction in the adrenalectomized group. These trends were more prominent for jun B than for c-fos, and were more prominent at day 14 than at day 3 after adrenalectomy. The induction of TIS 1 was attenuated at day 14 after adrenalectomy. In the hippocampus, the induction of c-fos and jun B by ECS was not influenced by adrenalectomy. The induction of TIS 1 was attenuated at day 3 after adrenalectomy. These results suggest that adrenalectomy has influences on the induction of IEGs by ECS in rat brain differently, depending on the brain region, the kind of IEGs, the age of the rats, and the time passed after adrenalectomy.

물리학 분야에서 문제해결 연구의 고찰

박학규,이용현 우석대학교 부설 기초과학연구소 1997 기초과학연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Three main areas of research on problem solving in physics can be classified in this investigation. One area is detailed research on how individuals solve physics problems. The second area comprises studies of pedagogical methods for improving students problem-solving abilities. Research in these areas examines how subjects deal with standard physics problems, that is, the numerical tasks typically found at the ends of the chapters in introductory physics textbooks. The third area consists of investigations into other types of problems, questions of transfer, what students learn from solving problems, and other issues. This investigation closes with a general discussion of problem solving and instructional issues.

Slurry 반응조를 이용한 퇴적준설물내 질소의 생물학적처리에 관한 연구

정연규,배범한,김용학,전제철,엄성범 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

The eutrophication control and prevention can be accomplished through removal of the nutrients known as main contributors. However, for the case of lakes and rivers where significant amounts of the nutrients were already entered, there should be a limit on the eutrophication control. Accordingly, it is indispensable to remove the nutrients present in sediments in view of both obtaining water resources and preserving the environment, and, therefore, this study focuses on nitrogen removal among the nutrients in sediments. For nitrogen removal in sediments, nitrification and denitrification were applied as a biological removal process to a slurry reactor available for bioremediation of contaminated soils. With approx. 508㎎/㎏ of T-N concentration in the treated sediments, about 50 % of initial nitrogen concentration was accordingly removed after total 9-day operation of a 10 %-slurry reactor under oxic and anoxic conditions for 4 hrs and 2 hrs, respectively. This means that 25 % of T-N leachates in physical fractions were removed from the sediments through the nitrification and denitrification, and additional 25 % were removed under the same process after extracted from the sediments by a biological mechanism such as organic biodegradation. As a result, 20 % larger nitrogen amounts added were removed after leached from the sediments, which was probably caused by the fact that biological activity was increased by optimization of operating conditions as well as that mineralization and ammonification of organic matters in sediments were elevated by the enlarged population of microorganism after injection of organic C-sources and trace elements. The denitrification was more activated after the injection of organic C-sources and trace elements. The leaching amount of ammonium also increased steeply. The nitrification rate of the slurry reactor was 189 ng N/min·g in dry weight.

四象醫學에서의 心의 槪念 設定에 관한 硏究

安圭錫,河智容,金義泰 대한동의병리학회 1993 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.8 No.-

연구배경 : 四象醫學은 旣存 韓醫學의 五行을 中心으로한 이론체계와는 달리 事·心·身·物의 四元構造로 人體를 인식하므로 旣存醫學의 五行的 思考를 바탕으로 四象醫學에서의 心을 이해하려는 오류를 범하기 쉽다. 이에 본 硏究에서는 四象醫學의 心개념을 보다 정확히하여 四象醫學의 올바른 이해에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 방법 : 四象醫學의 思想的 脈通을 조사하여 東武의 思想的 淵源을 밝혀서 四象醫學에서의 本體觀과 心 相對을 정의하였으며, 東武의 思想的 背景인 儒學과 旣存醫學에서의 心 槪念을 比較 分析하였다. 결과 : 四象醫學에서의 心은 本體觀을 形成하는 太極으로서의 心 槪念과 兩儀之心 및 四象之心 등으로 相對性을 지닌 對峙槪念의 心으로 이해하여야 하며, 旣存醫學의 血肉지心의 生理功能은 四象的 四臟의 生理功能에서 有關的으로 나타나는 것으로 이해하여야 한다. 결론 : 사상의학을 이해함에 있어서는 心의 개념 및 특징을 먼저 파악하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다.

Simulated flight에서 알코올이 조종사의 수행능력에 미치는 영향

신용규,이인기 공군본부 의무감실 1991 항공의학 Vol.39 No.1-2

傳門大學 海洋土木科 敎育課情 開發硏究

林秉龍,鄭營采,申文燮,李東周,張仁奎,金榮燮 군산대학교 1982 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.1

To carry out the study on the curriculum development for the ocean civil department in junior college, we collected and analyzed data which are on the curriculum development or improvement of the inside and outside of the country. We also gathered the opinion through the inquiring paper investigation and the consultation to the industrial organization, concerned school and authorities during 6 months from May, 1981. In addition, we analyzed and compared the present curriculum of special civil and ocean civil department in junior college. On the basis of above methods, a result we made a model curriculum shown in Table 10. Under current trend and circumstances of the industrial society, the best way for the curriculum development is to make like the course curriculum. But, it is is difficult to make the course curriculums of the ocean cavil department at present. Because the ocean civil is a branch of general civil engineering, furthermore the oceanic industry of our country is not developed well. So, dividing the major subjects in four fields for operating the model curriculum flexibly with the characteristics of the community and college, we developed the suitable curriculum in junior college course, such as general basic field, special basic field related to the ocean, special basic field related to the general civil and application field. We also tried to entensify the subjects of general basic field, special basic field related to the ocean, and to simplify the number of subjects in the model curriculum. Of course we can't say this model curriculum is perfect. But we believe firmly that the results of this paper will be a help to another curriculum development or improvement study for the ocean civil department in junior college.

MoSi_2의 電氣的 性質과 표면형태의 연구

박학규,이용현 又石大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Molybdenum disilicide films had been prepared onto n-Si(100) substrates with e-beam deposition and sequently post-annealing by RTA in the ambient of N_2 or in vacuum. The chemical compositions and morphologies of films were analyzed by XRD, AES(ADP), TEM and NOM(Normaski Optical Microscope). We confirmed that the stable and final phase of Mo/Si system is tetragonal MoSi_2, phase, the surface morphologies and grain sizes had been were depended by the annealing temperatures. And the sheet resistance rarely depended by increasing annealing temperature, the smallest value was about 2.1Ω/□ after annealing at 700℃ for l min..

감압증과 과폐압 사고

신용규,이상준,박영민,이인기 공군본부 의무감실 1991 항공의학 Vol.39 No.1-2