밤나무 교잡종 과실의 질적 특성

이욱(Uk Lee),김만조(Mahn-Jo Kim),김선창(Sun-Chang Kim),이문호(Moon-Ho Lee),장용석(Yong-Seok Jang) 한국원예학회 2005 원예과학기술지 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 밤나무 교잡종 과실의 조합별 및 개체별 질적특성을 조사함으로써 신품종 육성의 기초 자료뿐만 아니라 품종검정 기준설정의 기초자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 과실모양은 11 조합의 많은 개체에서 타원형(85.30%)을 나타냈으며 K×R 등 5조합에서 삼각형(3.78%), R×K 등 8조합에서 원형(5.46%), R×O 등 3조합에서 장타원형(5.46%)으로 각각 관찰되었다. 과피색은 모든 조합에서 암갈색과 적갈색이 각각 49.16%와 38.24%로 관찰되었으며 과피털은 K×R과 R×K만이 과피 전체에서 각각 1개체씩 관찰되었다. 과피털의 밀도는 대부분의 조합에서 92.86%가 중 이상이었으며 좌면의 크기는 E×O, E×R, K×O에서만 중 이상인 것으로 조사되었다. 과실의 광택은 K×O조합에서만 약인 개체가 출현하였으며 열과형태는 모든 조합에서 3가지 형태중 2가지 이상의 형태가 각각 혼재되어 있었다. 양적형질이 우수한 8개체 중 RO-22, RO-25 등 2개체만이 과실모양과 과피색이 각각 장타원형과 암갈색을 나타내었으며 OK-2 제외한 나머지 5개체는 각각 타원형과 적갈색으로 관찰되었다. 과피털의 위치는 OK-2 제외한 모든 개체는 과정부였으며 과피털의 밀도는 IO-15 제외한 모든 개체에서 밀하게 분포하였다. 좌면의 크기는 JO-7과 RO-25 개체가 가장 작았으며 광택은 K×O의 1개체를 제외한 모든 개체에서 중 이상으로 우수하였다. 열과형태는 JO-7과 JO-12, IO-15, OK-15 개체에서 각각 과정부 열과와 주두부 열과 등 각각 단일 형태를 나타낸 반면, OK-2 등 4개체는 과정부 열과와 측면부 열과가 혼재하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 내피박피성을 조사한 결과, OK-2, OK- 4, OK-15 등 3개체는 내피박피율이 20% 내외로 불량한 반면 RO-25, JO-12 등 2개체의 내피박 피율이 각각 78.6%, 72.4%로 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. This study was aimed to applicate as the basic data for the presentation of International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) guideline and for breeding new cultivars through qualitative characteristics of nut in chestnut hybrids. In nut shape, oval type, 85.30%, could be observed in all combinations, and triangle type, 3.78%, in K×R, K×O, E×R, I×R, J×O, and oblong type, 5.46%, in R×O, I×O, E×O, I×R, respectively. Both dark and reddish brown, 49.16% and 38.24%, in nut color were observed in all combinations, and nut pericarp hairs in only K×R, R×K could be observed in whole part. The density of its hair showed above middle rank (92.86%) in most of combinations, and the size of hilum area showed above middle rank in only E×O, K×O and E×R. Ten combinations except K×O showed a good condition in nut luster, and two or three types of three split type could be observed in all combinations, simultaneously. Superior individuals, RO-22 and RO-25, showed oblong and dark brown, but others except OK-2 showed oval and reddish brown in nut shape and nut color, respectively. In position of nut pericarp hair, only OK-2 showed stigma part, but all of superior individuals except IO-15 showed thickness in its density. Only JO-7 and RO-25 were smaller than others in size of hilum area, and JO-7, OK-4, OK-15, RO-22 and RO-25 had nuts with excellent luster. Most of individuals had nuts with two or three types in type of nut split, and JO-7, JO-12, IO-15 and OK-15 showed only single type. In peeling rate, OK-2, OK-4 and OK-15 showed around 20% while RO-25 and JO-12 showed 78.6% and 72.4% being considered as superior individuals for roasted chestnuts.

만성중이염의 골도청력변화

박선홍,노용훈,이도용,나한조,김용기,최봉남,도남용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.1

We have usually experienced bone conduction impairment in chronic otitis media, but it is unclear that raised bone conduction threshold is due to the reflection of cochlear dam- age and / or Carhart effect ( an artificial elevation of bone conduction threshold due to conductive defect ) or both. The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of the artificial elevation of the bone conduction threshold in chronic otitis media and to estimate Carhart effect. A total of 336 cases of tympanoplasty with unilateral chronic otitis media without any other causes of sensorineural hearing loss was studied. The average threshold levels of the bone conduction in diseased ears ranged from 18.5dB at 4kHz to 12.1dB at 250Hz The longer duration of the disease, the larger perforation size, the more severe damage of the middle ear structure and the presence of the cholesteatoma made bone conduction threshold increased. The postoperative thresholds of bone conduction were Improved in 36 cases (40.4%) of the 89 cases that underwent operation with type I tympanoplasty technique without electrie drilling. The degree of the maximal improvement was 14.3dB at 2000Hz and the minimum was 8.8dB at 250Hz. but these result did differ from a statistically significant degree. The result suggest that the bone conduction threshold in chronic otitis media is elevated artificially by conductive defect and improved by successful reconstructive surgery.

후두 및 하인두 암종에서 p53단백 발현과 Espstein-Barr Virus 검출

최영환,도남용,나한조,이도용,노용훈,김완수,최종선 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.2

Background and Objectives : When p53 cancer suppressor gene, occurs gene deletion or point mutation, malignancy develops by loss of p53 function with abnormal p53 protein. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of certain type of lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of EBV as a causative factor in other head &eck tumors is not fully elucidated except nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study, the author examined that p53 expression and detection rate of EBV correlate to development of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and play the possible role of prognostic indicators. Materials and Methods : Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimen from 32 cases of larynx and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were studied by immunohistochemical staining for p53 and EBV. The results of analysis were compared with clinicopathological parameters. Results : p53 expression was 56.3% (18 cases) and the detection rate of EBV was 43.6% (14 cases) of 32 cases in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. p53 expression was correlate with histologic grade (p<05) only. Detection of EBV was not correlate with clinicopathological parmeters. Conclusion : These results suggest p53 expression and the detection of EBV may be related with development of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. And, the expression of p53 protein can be used as a prognosticator in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma under certain limitation.

급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

헬륨 마이크로파 플라즈마 토치의 개발과 특성에 관한 연구

曺競鉉,朴勇男 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.7

MPT는 최근에 개발된 마이크로파 플라즈마로서 수용매에 강하다. 여러 가지의 변형된 형태의 MPT를 개발하여 구조에 따른 플라즈마의 방전되는 형태를 조사한 결과 이중관 토치는 플라즈마 기체를 적게 소모하며 쉽게 플라즈마가 형성되었으나 토치의 끝이 높은 온도에 견디지 못하고 쉽게 상했다. ICP토치와 같은 형태의 삼중관 토치에 석영관을 중심관으로 사용할 때 가장 안정되고 대칭적인 플라즈마를 형성할 수 있었다. 바탕선을 조사해 본 결과 He MPT는 대기 중으로 돌출되어 대기와 많이 혼합되고 질소에 의해 quenching되는 것으로 보여진다. Membrane desolvator를 탈용매화 장치로 사용하여 헬륨 MPT의 감도를 조사해 본 결과 아르곤 MPT와 비교할 때 대부분의 원소에 대해 검출한계가 10배 이상 높았다. 그러나 여기 에너지가 높은 원소는 비교적 효율적으로 검출할 수 있었다. 헬륨 마이크로파 플라즈마는 적은 양의 플라즈마 기체만 필요하여(약 1.6L/min)경제적이며 매우 안정된 형태를 보여주었다. 플라즈마의 분광특성을 조사한 결과 들뜸온도 4950K, 전자밀도 3.28×10^14㎝^-3로 측정되었다. MPT, which has been developed recently, is very tolerant to aqueous samples. Several types of MPT have been investigated and is found that the double concentric tube could sustain a stable plasma at a low plasma gas flow rate. However, the tip of torch is easily ruined. Triple concentric torch has shown the best stability and the plasma shape, much like that of ICP, especially when the central channel is quartz. The plasma is exposed and mixed with air is suggested from the background spectrum, which leads to quenching of He MPT. Sensitivity of helium MPT equipped with a membrane desolvator has shown 10 times lower than that of Argon MPT for most of elements except for the ones with relatively high excitation energy. He MPT requires small plasma flow rate(about 1.6L/min), stable and simple to use. Excitational temperature and electron number density measured are 4950 K and 3.28×10^14㎝^-3, respectively.

청소년 사이버 성상담에서 나타난 임신, 피임에 대한 질문 분석

조용주,정남운 가톨릭대학교 학생생활상담소 2005 학생생활상담 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구는 사이버 성상담 중 임신과 피임에 대한 질문내용을 분석하고 상담자 반응의 일치도를 알아봄으로써, 청소년 사이버 성상담을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 가족 아카데미아에서 운영하는 WWW.ahsex.org의 e-mail 상담 중 2001년, 2002년의 임신/피임 영역 질문 1,687건을 인지적 측면, 정서적 측면, 의사결정유형, 상대에 대한 평가, 자신에 대한 평가, 성경험 빈도 등의 범주로 나누어 분석하고, 상담자 답변 100건을 분석하여 상담자의 반응이 이용자의 질문에 어느 정도 부합하는지 알아보았다. 첫째, 임신/피임 영역의 이용자는 고등학생, 대학생, 중학생 순이었다. 여학생이 남학생보다 이용률이 높았으며 남학생 질문자의 비율은 고등학생보다 대학생이 높았다. 둘째, 임신/피임 영역 질문내용의 인지적 측면을 분석한 결과 성관계 후 임신여부, 임신테스트 약의 구입과 사용법, 낙태방법, 피임방법의 순으로 관심이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 정서적인 측면에서는 질문자의 반 이상이 ‘불안과 두려움, 살기 힘틀다’고 호소해, 성관계 후 청소년들의 정서상태가 매우 불안정함을 알 수 있었다. 자신에 대한 평가는 주로 ‘부끄럽다, 후회스럽다, 바보 같다’ 등의 표현이 많이 나왔고, 상대에 대한 평가는 원망보다는 걱정이 많이 나왔다. 성경험 빈도에서는 첫 경험보다 두 번 이상의 성경험이 두 배 이상 많았다. 셋째, 임신/피임에 대한 상담자의 반응분석에서, 인지적인 측면에서의 반응 일치도는 아주 높게 나용 반면 정서적 표현, 의사결정유형, 자신에 대한 평가, 상대에 대한 평가 부분의 상담자 반응 일치도는 낮게 나왔다.

태권도 경기중 발차기 기술의 공격유형 및 득점부위별 고찰

安容奎,李載鳳,趙誠曇 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.4 No.1

The following was concluded as a result of analysis based on taekwondo games(Total 56 games, 112 athletes) outstanding athletes of colleges parts participated in 1993. The purpose of this study is to examine the result of kicking techniques in the attack first and counter attack in each kicking techniques and the kicking on each body section. 1. The result of each kicking techniques. 1) The total frequency of kicking techniques was 3,478 times, Average frequency per game was 62.11 times in 56 games. And the frequency of kicking technique was as below : Front turning kick : 2,636 times. Back kick : 360 times Hook kick : 297 times Front whipping : 121 times Back whipping : 64 times In the frequency of each kicking techniques were more than other study. 2) The total point of each kicking techniques was 444, Average point per game was 7. 93. The point by each kicking technique was as below: Front turning kick :258 points Back kick : 360 times Hook kick: 61 points Front whipping: 13 points Back whipping: 6 points The results had twice(7.93 points) as much as other studies. 3) The scoring rate of each kicking techniques. The scoring rate of all the kicking technique was 12.76, the rate in each kicking technique was as below: Back kick:29.44 Hook kick:20.53 Frint whipping kick:1074 Front turning kick:9.78 Back whipping kick:9.37 The scoring rate in other studies showed highly in the Back kick, Hook kick, Front whipping kick but the scoring rate in this study showed highly in the Back kick Hook kick, Front whipping kick. 2. The result of the attack first in each kicking technique. 1) The frequency of the attack first in each kicking technique. total frequency of the attack first in each kicking technique was 1.905 times, the average frequency per game was 34.01 times and the everage frequency per game of each kicking technique was as below: Front turning kick: 28.88 times Hook kick:3.5 times Back kick:1.67 times front whipping kick:0.33 times Back whipping kick:0.21 times The frequency of the attack first(1.905 times) was 54.8% of frequency of all kicking technique. 2) The point gained by the attack first in each kicking technique. Total point gained by the attack first in each kicking technique was 188 points and points of each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:134 points (2) Hook kick: 42 points (3) Back kick: 10 points (4) Back whipping kick: 2 points The point of Front wipping kick was almost nothing. Average point per game of the attack first in all kicking techniques was 3.35 points. 3) The scoring rate of the attack first in each kicking technique The scoring tate of the attack first in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Hook kick:21.43 (2) Back whipping kick:16.67 (3) Back kick:10.46 (4) Front turning kick:8.45 Front turning kick was high in the frequency but the scoring rate was relatively low and the scoring rate of Hook kick and Back whipping kick was fairly high. Accordingly, we concluded that the difficult techniques got many point. 3. The result of the counter attack in each kicking technique. 1) The frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique. total frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique was 1,573 times, the average frequency per game was 28.08 times and frequency of the counter attack in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:1.573 times (2) Back kick:266 times (3) Front whipping kick:102 times (4) Hook kick:101 times (5) Back whipping kick:52 times The frequency of the counter attack(1.573 times) was 45.2% of frequency of all kicking technique(3.478 times). 2) The point gained by the counter attack in each kicking technique. Total point gained by the counter attack in each kicking technique was 256 points and points of each kicking technique was as below: (1) Front turning kick:124 points (2) Back kick:96 points (3) Hook kick:19 points (4) Front whipping kick:4 points The point of the counter attack showed by Front turning kick and Back kick. Average point per game of the counter attact of kicking technique was 4.57 points. 3) The scoring rate of the counter attack in each kicking technique The scoring tate of the counter attack in each kicking technique was as below; (1) Back kick:36.09 (2) Hook kick:18.81 (3) Front whipping kick: 12.75 (4) Front turning kick:11.79 (5) Back whipping:7.69 Only, the scoring rate of Hook kick in the counter attack was low, but the scoring rate of other kicking techniques in the counter attack showed fairly high. 4. Comoarative Analysis between the attack first and the counter attack The frequency of the attack first(1,905 times) in total kicking technique was more than that of counter attack(1,573 times) but the point of the attack first (188 points) was lower than that of the counter attack(256 points). Thus, the scoring rate of the counter attack(16.27) was higher than that of the attack first(9.87). The preceding study reported that all the kicking techniques were many used for counter attack but this study showed that Front turning kick and Hook kick were many used for the attack first, and that the players depended on the counter attack, for the counter attack was bettwe than the attack first in gaining points. 5. The result of kicking technique on each body section. The players can attack the face (high section) by all kicking techniques but the frequency of attacking the face was 731 times(21.02), that of attacking the body(middle section) was 2,747 times(78.98) of total frequency(3.478 times). Therefore, It showed that the players depended on body attack. The frequency of each kicking technique attacking the face(731 times) was as be-iow: (1) Hook kick: 196 times (2) Front turning kick:135 times (3) Front whipping kick:19 times (4) Back whipping kick:12 times (5) Back kick:7 times Total frequency of kicking technique attacking the body was 2,747 times, Front turning kick was 2,419 times and back was 328 times. Total point of all the games was 444 and the point gained by attacking the face was 110(24.77 of 100), the body was 334 (75.23 of 100) Total point gainde by attacking the face(110 points) in each kicking technique was as below: (1) Hook kick:61 points (2) Front turning kick:24 points (3) Front whipping kick:13 points (4) Back kick:6 points (5) Back whipping kick:6 points The point gained by attacking the body(middle section) was as Front turning kick:234 points, Back kick:100 points. Consequently, we concluded that attacking the body was the most effective in gaining points.

청소년들의 체격과 체력의 상관성에 관한 연구 : 실업계 고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 Concentrated on Vocational High School Students

조용철,안자희 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1996 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.6 No.1

Physique growth is indebted to the nourishment condition, better circumstances, the increased leisure time, owing to the national economy growth. On this back ground "How has the physique been advanced?" "How has the physique influenced the physical fitness?" To prove those questions mentioned above, I measured mainly physique conditions ranged body-weight ration, chest-circumference ration, and sitting height ratio among every other 360 students attending vocational high school. The subject per (15 of age : 120 members 16 of age : 120 members, 17 of age : 120 members ). Thereafter having combined and compared S. Y. Technical High school students with S. K. Commercial High School students. How the physique has been correlated with physical fitness may be summarized as follows: 1. In comparison with physique during last 15 years. Figure shows vast growth in height by 5.48 cm, weight by 2.87 kg, on the contrary, the circumference of the chest has little increase in its size. 2. In comparison physique with physical fitness in vocational high school students. It resulted in as follows. 1) In case of age 15-16, physique and physical fitness of S. K. Commercial High School have wholly prevailed over those of S. Y. Technical High School students, on the other hand at th age of 17 Technical High School students have shown to be predominant. 2) In body-weight ration, there was no difference between the two high school students. 3) In time chest-circumference ratio, S. K. Commercial High School was superior to S. Y. Technical High School. 4) In item sitting-height ratio, S. Y. Technical High School students have shown superiority to those of S. K. Commercial High School students. 3. Correlation between physique and physical fitness item. 1) The order of items that have been influenced from correlation between body-weight ratio and physical fitness item goes as follows; softball throwing ( 0.33 ) 〉100 meter run ( -0.26 ) 〉 physical marks ( 0.23 ) 〉 standing-board jump ( 0.21 ), Other items except for sit-up and pull-up have shown a little correlation. They have shown high significance at the degree P〈.01. 2) the correlation order between chest circumference ratio and physical fitness items shows as follows; 100 meter run ( 0.23 ) 〉 softball throwing ( 0.17 ) 〉 pull-up (0.17 ) 〉 physical marks ( 0.16 ) 〉standing-board jump ( 0.14 ). They have shown significance to the extent of P〈 .05. 3) the degree of correlation between sitting-weight ratio and physical fitness items has shown light correlation in item standing-board jump, but has no correlation among items.

孔子와 孟子의 處世論

趙庸袞 圓光漢文學會 1984 圓光漢文學 Vol.1 No.-