The Relationship between Mitochondrial ROS and ER Stress in Allergic Airway Diseases

( So Ri Kim ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( Dong Im Kim ),( Mi Ran Kang ),( Yang Keun Rhee ),( Heung Bum Lee ),( Seoung Ju Park ),( Chi Ryang Chung ),( Seung Yong Park ),( Hee Jung Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-

Mitochondria and the Nox family of NADPH oxidase are the two major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are induced by external stimuli, and the mitochondria respiratory chain is considered as an important site of ROS production within most cells. Recent evidence has demonstrated that various biological stimuli increase accumulation of unfolded or mis-folded proteins in ER lumen, which is referred to as "ER stress". Moreover, these various pathologic stimuli have been reported to provoke oxidative stress as well as ER stress. In this study, we used the mice sensitized with OVA and LPS and then challenged with OVA (OVALPS-OVA mice) for elucidation of the relationship between mitochondrial ROS and ER stress in bronchial asthma. The OVALPS-OVA mice showed that the expression of ER stress markers and the protein levels of un-folded-protein response (UPR)-related marker in lung tissues were significantly increased after OVA challenge. In addition, we visualized the localization of mitochondrial ROS in BAL cells isolated from OVALPS-OVA mice using confocal microscopy; the significant increase in mitochondrial ROS in BAL cells was observed after OVA challenge. Our results also showed that Necrox-5 or 4-PBA significantly reduced the increases in ER stress, mitochondrial ROS, inflammatory cytokines, airway in-flammation, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These findings suggest that mitochondrial ROS and ER stress plays an im-portant role in the induction and maintaining allergic airway diseases synergistically.

Improvements of phosphorescent white OLEDs performance for lighting application.

Lee, Jonghee,Chu, Hye Yong,Lee, Jeong-Ik,Song, Ki-Im,Lee, Su Jin American Scientific Publishers 2008 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.8 No.10

<P>We developed white OLED device with high power efficiency, in which blue and orange phosphorescent emitters were used. By introduction of multi-functional interlayer which has partial doping of orange dopant inside EBL, we report WOLEDs with peak external efficiencies up to (14.1% EQE, 31.3 Im/W) without light out-coupling technique. At 1000 cd/m2, the performance achieved was 11.9% EQE, 18.7 Im/W with CIE = (0.39, 0.44). We also found that WOLED performances are related with doping ratio of the orange dopant that was inserted inside EBL.</P>

Mito-Tempo Can Protect Against the Allergic Airway Inflammation through Reducing Mitochondrial ROS Generation

( So Ri Kim ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( Dong Im Kim ),( Yang Keun Rhee ),( Heung Bum Lee ),( Seoung Ju Park ),( Chi Ryang Chung ),( Seung Yong Park ),( Mi Ran Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-

Oxidative stress is well known to be implicated in the development of asthma. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major site of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, at the same time, an important target for the damaging effects of ROS. Mito-Tempo is a specific mitochondrial ROS inhibitor and it is known to be associated with opening of mi-tochondrial permeability transition pore and inhibition of cell necroptosis or apoptosis. However, there is little information on the protective effects of Mito-Tempo on the inflammatory airway disorders including bronchial asthma and its acute exacerbation. We investigate the effects of Mito-tempo on the allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness using the mice sensitized with OVA and LPS and then challenged with OVA (OVALPS-OVA mice). The OVALPS-OVA mice showed the typical features of neutrophilic asthma; increased airway inflammatory cells, the pathologic changes, the increased levels of Th2 cytokines in lungs of OVALPS-OVA mice, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Interestingly, we found that in OVALPS-OVA mice, Mito-Tempo, a novel mitochondrial targeting agent significantly reduced the increases in inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial ROS generation, airway inflammation, and bron-chial hyperresponsiveness. These findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction including oxidative damage may be im-plicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and provide the therapeutic potential of a mitochondrial targeting agent, Mito-Tempo, for bronchial asthma.

2차원 매크로블록의 평균 양자화를 이용한 비트율 제어

任庸淳,李根泳 성균관대학교 1998 학술회의지원논문목록집 Vol.1998 No.-

MPEG-2 TM5의 비트율 제어 방법에서는 현재 매크로 블록의 Q₁, N_act₁및 mquant₁값은 바로 이전 매크로블록으로부터 예측하여 현재 매크로블록의 양자화값으로 사용함으로써, 현재 매크로블록의 급격한 변화가 초래하여 영상의 질을 떨어뜨린다. 제안한 방법은 현재 매크로블록과 인접한 매크로블록들의 Q₁, N_act₁및 mquant₁값 각각에 대하여 평균을 취하여 적용하였다. 그렇게 함으로써 제안한 비트율 제어 방법은 현재 매크로블록이 인접 매크로블록과 비교하여 급격하게 변하지 않게됨에 따라 개선된 PSNR을 나타내었다. In bitrate control of MPEG-2 TM5, Q, N_act₁, and mquant,₁ of present macroblock are predicted from those of previous macroblock. It results in poor image quality because of abrupt change of them. We proposed a method predicting Q₁, N_act₁and mquant, of present macroblock by averaging those parameters of adjacent previous macroblocks. As a results, it shows improved PSNR compared to bitrate control of MPEG-2 TM5.

Dye Sensitized Dichromated Gelatin 박막의 홀로그램

임용석,최옥식,곽종훈 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

Dichromated gelatin (DCG) film is one of the best holographic recording materials because of its large refractive index changes, high resolution and high sensitivity to blue-green wavelength of light. The environmental stability of DCG film remains as a problem preventing their practical uses. Furthermore, DCG itself is insensitive to light of wavelength region by adding suitable dyes such as methylene blue (MB). However, the absorption of the material inevitably increases as adding MB dye into DCG, which results in attenuated gratings. In this work, we investigate the spectral sensitivity of MB-DCG film and the dependence of diffraction efficiency (DE) on the concentrations of MB for optimum hologram recordings. The experiment results are analysed based on the coupled wave diffraction theory for nonuniform gratings.

네일링에 의한 기초의 지지력 증대에 관한 연구

임종철,하용봉,공영주,김태오,김동희 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-

구조물의 하중은 기초지반에 의해 지지된다. 그러나, 기초지반이 지하수의 침투 등에 의해 강도가 저하되거나 구조물의 증축에 의해 지지력이 부족할 경우가 발생한다. 이러한 경우 지반을 보강하기 위해 지반개량 공법이 적용된다. 지반개량 공법 중 네일링 공법은 시공이 간편하고 경제적이며 지반의 인장강도를 증가시키는 역학적 장점 등이 잇어 앞으로 널리 사용될 수 있는 공법이다. 본 연구에서는 네일을 이용하여 기초지반을 보강하여 지반의 강성을 높이고 지반의 지지력을 증대시켜서 구조물의 침하를 억제하는 역학적 기구를 규명하기 위해서 실내모형실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 시래모형실험을 통하여, 기초지반 보강용 네일의 설치 각도, 길이, 배치 간격의 변화에 따른 지지력 증대 효과 및 침하억제효과를 분석하여, 최적의 보강방법을 결정하는 것이다. The loads of structure are supported by foundation ground. But the bearing capacity will be able to be lacked by the decrease of ground strength by seepage of ground water or by the extension work of building. In this case, ground improvement method can be applied to increase the ground strength. Among ground improvement methods, nailing method will be used in the future widely, because of its simplicit, economical and mechanical merits of increasing tensile strength on ground. In this study, laboratory model tests are made in order to analyze the effect of ground improvement by nailing method. The final purposes of this study are as follows; (1) The effect of bearing capacity increasing by nails. Especially, the effects of distance, length and angle of nails. (2) To decide the optimal reinforcing methods of nailing

Kodak 649F Plates를 이용한 Dichromated Gelatin 홀로그래픽 감광재 처리 방법 연구

임용석,이영락,최옥식 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1995 基礎科學硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Dichromated gelatin plays an important role to fabricate various kinds of holographic optical elements. In this study, we have investigated the processing method and the characteristics of dichromated gelatin recording materials by using Kodak 649F plates. The processing methods for obtaining high diffraction efficiencies and environmental stability which are necessary for the fabrication of the holographic optical elements are presented. Exposure characteristics, spectral and angular sensitivity, and the degradation of the diffraction efficiency versus time are measured. The maximum diffraction efficiency of the obtained holographic grating is about 90%.

디지털 영상을 이용한 수복재의 변색에 관한 연구

이용근,이건일,임미경 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to find correlations among the color differences measured by three methods. Those were 1) spectrophotometric method(Differential Colorimeter, Model TC-6FX, Denshoku, Japan), 2) digital image method-photographed by digital camera(KODAK Digital Camera 40, Kodak, U.S.A.) and processed by computer program(Adobe Photoshop 3.0), 3) 35 mm standard slide method-took photographic color slide, read using scanner(Nikon 35 mm Film scanner, LS-3510 AF, Nikon, Japan) and processed by computer program(Adobe Photoshop 3.0). The color of resin modified glass ionomers were determined in vitro before and after thermocycling for 500 to 2,000 cycles. The values of CIELAB ΔE*, L*, a*, b*, r, g, b, r*, g*,b* were analyzed to find correlations among them. From the experiment, the following results were obtained: 1. There were no statistically significant correlation among the values of CIELAB ΔE*, ΔC measured by digital camera and ΔC* measured by color slide and scanner (Sig. F>0.05). 2. There was a statistically significant correlation between the values of CIELAB L* and GR measured by digital camera(Sig. F=0), and some pairs showed significant correlation among CIELAB a*, b* value and r, g, b value determined by digital camera and r*, g*, b* value determined by color slide and scanner. 3. The values of r, g, b determined by digital camera, and the values of r*, g*, b* value determined by color slide and scanner showed significant correlation between each corresponding values (Sig. F=0). In this case, correlation coeffcient were 0.339-0.413. 4. In the same materials, the degree of color was different depending on the shades, and of some shades showed of materials clearly different color change depending the measuring method.

지반 개량 범위에 따른 성토지반의 변위거동 분석

장용채,임동진 木浦海洋大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In case of embankment in soft ground, must know whether base can support as is stable. That improve base using Sand Compaction File Method that is used mainly in soft ground improvement method of construction, recognized using whether when did sphere of soil improving differently, conduct of base by this changes how or 2D-σ for windows that is finite element program to search proper improvement dimension.

레진강화형 글라스아이오노머의 2 축 굽힘강도

이용근,임미경,구대회,이정식 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

Resin-modified glass ionomers were introduced in 1988 to overcome the problems of moisture sensitivity and low early mechanical strengths of the conventional glass ionomers, and to maintain their clinical advantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bi-axial fracture strength of four resin-modified glass-ionomers(Fuji II LC, Vitremer, Dyract, VstiGlass), one resin composite material(Z-100), and one conventional glass-ionomer(Fuji II). Three specimens of each material and shade combination were made according to the manufacturers' instructions. Materials were condensed into metal mold with a diameter of 10mm and a thickness of 2.0mm and pressed between two glass plates. Resin-modified glass ionomers were polymerized using a Visilux II light curing unit by irradiating for 60 seconds from both sides, and conventional glass ionomer was cured chemically. After specimens were removed from the molds, surfaces were polished sequentially on wet sandpapers up to No. 699 silicone carbide paper. The specimens were thermocycled for 2,000 cycles between 5℃ and 55℃ distilled water. After thermocycling, bi-axial fracture strengths were measured using a compressive-tensile tester(Zwick 1456 Z020, Germany) with the cross head speed of 0.5mm/minute. The results were as follows: 1. Two factors of the kind and color of materials had a main effect on bi-axial fracture strength (p<0.01), and bi-axial fracture strength was influenced significantly by the kinds of materials (p<0.01). But there was no significant interaction between two variables of the kind and color of materials (p>0.05). 2. Comparing the mechanical properties of the materials, the elastic modulus of Z100 was higher than any other material, and there was no difference in the displacement at fracture among materials. The bi-axial fracture strength of Z100 was significantly higher than any other material, and that of resin-modified glass ionomers was significantly higher than that of conventional glass ionomer (p<0.05). 3. In the same material group, the color of material had little influence on the mechanical properties.