多穗多蘗性 옥수수 硏究 Ⅰ. 栽植密度가 多穗多蘗性 交雜種 1K × IRI의 主要特性에 미치는 影響

Yong Weon Seo(徐龍源),Bong Ho Choe(崔鳳鎬),Hee Bong Lee(李喜鳳),Byung Hwan Kim(金秉煥),Keun Young Park(朴根龍) 한국육종학회 1987 한국육종학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Agronomic and morphological characteristics of a maize hybrid (IK × IRI) with multiple ears and tillers were evaluated under different planting densities. The genetic capacity of producing tillers and ears per plant was confirmed under different planting densities. The average number of tillers per plant in IK × IRI was 3.8 irrespective of plant densities, while the Suweon 19, check hybrid, showed no tillers. In IK × IRI hybrid the average number of effective tillers per plant tended to increase as the plant densities decreased. The number of effective ears seemed to increase as the plant desities decreased from 70cm X 30cm to 70cm X 50cm. The leaf area index of the IK × IRI 90 days after sowing at the density of 70cm X 30cm and 70cm X 50cm were 6.27 and 5.66, respectively, while those of Suweon 19 were 3.98 and 2.50. The fresh and dry weight of the IK × IRI measured at different growing stage were exceeding those of check hybrid in later part of growth. Grain yield of the IK × IRI hybrid at densities of 70cm X 30cm and 70cm X 50cm were 652kg and 549kg per 10a, respectively. However, the grain yields of Suweon 19 were much higher than those of the IK × IRI hybrid. The 100 kernel weight of the IK × IRI hybrid was 15gr and the Suweon 19 33gr. The IK × IRI hybrid more resistant to black streaked dwarf virus than the Suweon 19 and the ear height of the IK × IRI hybrid was higher than the check hybrid.

Development of A Freezing Resistant and High-yielding Wheat-Rye 1RS Translocation Cultivar ‘TRANS’

Yong Weon Seo(서용원),Yong Jin Lee(이용진),Dae Yeon Kim(김대연) 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.3

The wheat-rye translocations are world widely used in wheat breeding. Among the various forms of wheat-rye translocation, the 1RS (short arm of rye chromosome 1) translocations are the most widely used because of the valuable genes (e.g. biotic / abiotic resistance genes) introduced from rye. We have developed a new wheat-rye cultivar ‘TRANS’ which have freezing resistance and high yield in this study. ‘TRANS’ is a new wheat-rye translocation cultivar developed by crossing between common wheat ‘Keumkangmil’ and ‘951188-G3-G1’, a 1AL.1RS translocation derived from ‘Fleming’ with the aim of high yield and resistant genes to various unfavorable environments carried by 1RS. ‘TRNAS’ have clearly different genetic and agronomic traits to the control cultivar ‘Keumkangmil’. The heading date and maturity of ‘TRANS’ are later than that of ‘Keumkangmil’. ‘TRANS’ has 1023 spike number per square meters and grain yield of 541 kg/10a, which are higher than ‘Keumkangmil’ (904 spike number/m2 and 504 kg/10a yield). ‘TRANS’ showed winter hardiness and powdery mildew resistance in artificial infection test and field evaluation. ‘TRANS’ gives lower flour yield than ‘Keumkangmil’ but ash and protein content were similar to that of ‘Keumkangmil’. The color of flour and noodle dough of ‘TRANS’ were darker than ‘Keumkangmil’. Quality parameters related to milling, flour quality, noodle dough and end-use quality of ‘TRANS’ indicates that ‘TRANS’ is soft wheat suitable for noodle making. ‘TRANS’ can be cultivated in entire part of Korea. Registration Grant No.: 4695

밀 유전자원의 농업적 특성 및 적응성 분석을 통한 국내 재배환경에 적합한 유전자원 활용성 분석

이용진(Yong Jin Lee),윤진석(Jin Seok Yoon),강천식(Chon-Sik Kang),최유미(Yu-Mi Choi),정경희(Kyong Hee Joung),서용원(Yong Weon Seo) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.1

The National Agrobiodiversity Center of the RDA, Korea, has more than 22,700 accessions of global wheat genetic resources, includingKorean wheat cultivars and landraces. Despite the numerous efforts to develop high-quality, hard winter wheat, the employment of new geneticresources into Korean wheat breeding programs is still hampered by the different growing environments. To overcome this limitation, 200germplasms that were screened using the Genebank Management System (GMS) were evaluated in three different regions in Korea. In the2018-2019 trial, 55 lines that showed superior field performance and high protein content were selected from among the 200 germplasms. These lines were re-evaluated in the 2019-2020 trial, and 24 lines that had suitable traits for growth, grain yield, and grain protein contentin three locations were finally selected. These winter wheat germplasms also showed high yield stability throughout the three different environmentsin Korea. Preliminary screening using GMS information, consecutive regional tests, and quality tests could be effective procedures for thedevelopment of hard winter wheat in Korea. Therefore, introduction breeding could be a favorable breeding method aiming to improve quality,where useful genetic resources are limited.

저온 스트레스에 대한 식물체의 반응

이용진(Yong Jin Lee),서용원(Yong Weon Seo) 고려대학교 생명자원연구소 2015 생명자원연구 Vol.23 No.-

Cell Cycle Regulation in Response to Temperature Stress in Plants

고찬섭(Chan Seop Ko),서용원(Yong Weon Seo) 고려대학교 생명자원연구소 2021 생명자원연구 Vol.29 No.-

식물들은 온도변화에 민감하기에 지속적인 온도 스트레스는 식물의 생산력을 감소시킨다. 그러므로 연구자들은 식물 전 생육단계에서의 온도 변화 반응 메커니즘을 밝히는 것이 매우 중요하다. 식물들은 최초로 받았던 스트레스를 몸으로 기억하며, 이는 더 강한 스트레스가 왔을 때에도 더 효율적으로 방어체계를 구축하는데 도움을 준다. 이러한 방어 기작 중 하나로 단백질과 전사인자를 이용한 세포주기조절 유전자들을 변화시키는 것이 있다. 식물체 성장을 유도하는 유전자 및 메커니즘과 연관이 있는 크로마틴 재구성 요소는 온도 변화하에서 선택적 유전자 발현을 통하여 크로마틴의 구조를 변화시키고 수정한다. 세포주기조절에 중요한 역할을 하는 싸이클린과 싸이클린 의존 효소는 온도 변화에서 세포주기를 조절하고 재배열 시킨다. 메틸레이션과 히스톤 공유 변형 역시 여러 스트레스에 반응하여 잘못 만들어진 DNA를 재구성 한다. 온도 변화에 따른 비정상적 세포주기들도 DNA 수리 공정을 통하여 재배열 된다. 하지만 아직 여전히 세포주기와 식물 방어 기작과의 연관성이 많이 밝혀진 것은 없다. 그렇기에 연구자들은 여전히 식물체 내에서의 스트레스 방어기작과 세포주기조절의 관계를 연구하고 있으며 이러한 연구는 식물체 방어기작의 효율성 및 최종 산물의 증가를 이끌 수 있을 것이다. Plants are easily subjected to a temperature stress and continually exposed to changes in the ambient temperature which reduces crop productivity. It is significantly important for the plant breeders to elucidate plant tolerance mechanisms in response to temperature stress during overall productive stages. Plants have the ability to remember previous stress and hence respond more effectively when they are faced with it again with dramatic environmental changes. Strategies to survive were changes in the regulation and abundance of cell cycle relative regulatory proteins/transcription factors. Chromatin modifications, which are often related with expression of genes and mechanisms that promote plant growth, were required chromatin structural changes and modifications, allowing for selective gene expression under stress. Significance of cell cycle regulators, specifically cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, were rearranged in cell cycle especially G1, M and G2 phase especially cold and heat stress. DNA methylation and histone modification, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression and components of chromatin-remodeling complexes, could be used to modify DNA in response to a variety of stresses. Temperature stress caused abnormal cell cycle via DNA damages during DNA replication and hinders DNA repair processes. There are still many unexplained concerns about the connection between plant defensive responses and cell cycle characteristics. Further researches still needed to understand the molecular signal network that controls stress response and cell growth in order to improve yield performance and crop resistance to adverse external challenges.

Diverse Functions of MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinase) Cascade Genes and Its Researches in Wheat

정우주(Woo Joo Jung),서용원(Yong Weon Seo) 고려대학교 생명자원연구소 2019 생명자원연구 Vol.27 No.-

MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade, which is composed of MAP3K, MAPKK, and MAPK, regulates the activity of diverse proteins via phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues. It is involved in a number of plant growth and development pathways and also responses to the environment. Wheat is one of the major crops worldwide, along with maize and rice. Despite its importance, its huge and complex allohexaploid genome makes it hard to investigate agronomically useful genes. With a development of Next Generation Sequencing technologies, utilization of wheat genome became easily accessible. As part of this, genome-wide identification of the wheat MAPK cascade genes have been recently conducted in many researches. We collected the gene information and organized them according to the newly announced reference genome. Seed dormancy is an important trait of winter crops affecting the yield during summer. MKK3-A was found to regulate seed dormancy in wheat and barley, and the association between MAPK and phytohormones was described. Several MAP cascade pathways concerning biotic stress tolerance have been identified in model plants, such as MAP3K-MAPKK4/5-MAPK3/6-WRKY22/29 and MAP3K1-MAPKK1/2-MAPK4-MKS1. In wheat, it was reported that TaMAPK3 and 6 are involved in biotic stress tolerance. In addition, a novel biotic stress-responsive gene TaFLRS was identified and furthermore the regulation of TaMAPK4 by microRNA was investigated recently. MAPK cascade is also known to regulate abiotic stress response. Although a number of MAPK cascade genes responsive to abiotic stresses have been identified in many plant species, little pathways have been characterized. Recently, it was found that MEKK1-MKK2-MPK4 and MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade regulates cold response in Arabidopsis and rice. Finally, wheat MAPK cascade gene expressions under abiotic stresses were observed using previously published RNA sequencing data.

식물 유전체 편집을 위한 CRISPR/Cas9의 적용

이만보(Man Bo Lee),서용원(Yong Weon Seo) 고려대학교 생명자원연구소 2017 생명자원연구 Vol.25 No.-

초 록 최근 유전자 편집 기술을 Streptococcus pyogenes에서 유래한 CRISPR/Cas9 system이 주도하고 있다. 바이러스 침입에 대항하는 면역체계인 CRISPR/Cas9 system을 활용하여 목표 유전자에 돌연변이를 유발하거나 목표 유전자를 원하는 염기서열로 편집할 수 있다. CRISPR/Cas9 기술은 목표 유전자의 변화로 인한 생물학적 표현형 변화 연구에 적용되며 기능 유전학 연구에 핵심적인 역할을 할 수 있다. 나아가 인간 질병 modeling, 유전질환 치료, 신약 개발, 식물 바이오 매스 증대, 종자 생산량 증산 등 다양한 영역에서 활용 가능하다. CRISPR/Cas9 system의 CrRNA과 tracrRNA은 결합하여 sgRNA로서 역할을 하고 목표 유전자 특이성 및 Cas9 단백질의 인식에 관여한다. PAM 은 Cas9 단백질의 DNA 결합에 관여하는 필수적인 염기서열이며, 실험 설계 단계에서 sgRNA와 함께 고려되어야 한다. Cas9 단백질은 DNA에 double-strand break를 발생시켜 DNA 보수 기작을 유도한다. 목표 유전자는 DNA 보수 기작을 거치는 동안 돌연변이가 발생하거나 유전자가 편집된다. 식물은 인간의 주식, 치료제, 바이오 연료원 등을 제공하며 삶의 유지와 질적 향상에 밀접한 역할을 한다. 유전체에 임의 돌연변 이를 유발하는 기존의 화학적 물리적 돌연변이 유발 방법과 달리 CRISPR/Cas9 system은 식물 유전체 특정 위치에 돌연변이를 유발시킬 수있다. CRISPR/Cas9 system은 실제적으로 이미 개발된 Agrobacterium-mediated transformation과 particle bombardment 기술 등 식물 형질전환 기법을 통해 식물체에 적용 가능하다. 유전체 크기가 크고 반복 서열의 비중이 높은 일부 작물에서는 목표 유전자 특이성 확보가 어렵고 원하지 않는 유전자가 돌연변이 되는 off-target 발생 가능성이 높으나, 애기장대, 담배, 벼 등 모델 식물과 일부 작물에서 실제 적용 사례가 보고 되어 있다. CRISPR/Cas9 system은 실험이 단순하고 효율적이며 한 번에 여러 유전자에 적용 가능하고 비용이 저렴한 큰 장점을 가지고 있으며 식물을 포함한 동물, 심지어 인간에게도 적용 가능하다. CRISPR/Cas9 system을 활용한 유전체 편집 기술은 인간의 삶의 질 향상에 핵심적인 역할을 담당할 것으로 예측된다.

종자 저장 단백질의 유전 생화학적 분석을 통한 작물 육종적 이용

서용원,김진백,이성신 高麗大學校 自然資源科學硏究所 1999 自然資源科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

바이오에너지원으로의 곡류전분 이용

김대연,서용원 고려대학교 2007 생명자원연구 Vol.15 No.-

밀 배유 전분·합성 효소(GBSS)의 특성과 찰밀 생산

홍병희,서용원,하용웅,박철수 高麗大學校自然資源科學硏究所 1997 自然資源科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm starch has a unique characteristic that influence on gelatinization, pasting and retrogradation. The end-use quality of flour quality is determined by quality and quantity of starch. The content of amylose is one of the most important factors that are used for determining noodle quality. It's been known that good viscoelasticity of noodle can be obtained as lowering amylose content by imprving rheological properties of flous. In order to have high noodle quality, it is necessary to have wheats have los amylose content as well as high quality seed storage proteins which are known for influcing end-use quality. Recently, many researches on analyzing and granule bound starch synthase on analyzing and granule bound starch synthase (Waxy protein) are conducted throughout the country. Waxy protein or granule bound starch synthase is an important determinant of amylose content in wheat starch. It's molecular weight is about 61KDa and is encoded by the genes on the chromosome 7AS, 4AL and 7DS, i. e. Wx-Al, Wx-B1 and Wx-DI. In general, partial waxy mutants (mutants on one or two waxy locus/loci) resulted in low amylose content and high noodle quality. Since wheats with all three null waxy mutant have not been found. studies on producing waxy mutant by way of mating. mutation and genetic manipulation are undergoing. We have reviewed recent researches on some of the major factors that influence on noodle quality, starch properties and quantity of waxy protein. It is necessary to develop waxy wheats in the respect of producing high noodle quality wheat and riching human dietary.