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Growth of oriented $LaF_{3}$ thin films on Si (100) substrates by the pulsed laser deposition method
Yokotani, Atsushi,Ito, Tomomi,Sato, Akiko,Kurosawa, Kou The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2003 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.13 No.4
$LaF_{3}$ thin films have been fabricated on Si (100) substrates under the highest possible vacuum condition by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The temperature of the sbustrate varied from $20^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$. The films deposited at the higher temperature indicated the sharper peaks in the X-ray diffraction measurement. A highly oriented film was successfully obtained at a substrate temperature of $800^{\circ}C$. The surface observation by the AFM revealed that the many hexagonal structures constructed the film. The XPS analysis revealed that the lacking of F in the film deposited at $600^{\circ}C$ were much more than that in film at $^20{\circ}C$. Adding the adequate amount of $CF_{4}$ gas in the growth chamber can compensate this lacking of F.
STM observation of initial stage of growth of Si-Mn films on Si(111)7 × 7 surface
Atsushi Yokotani,Ryota Kihara,Kohei Nakayoshi 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2015 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.16 No.1
Recently, it has become very important to obtain knowledge about interactions between substrates and deposited materials in an atomic scale. In this study, we focused on the initial stage of Si-Mn films adsorbed on to a Si(111) substrate. A sample were prepared by depositing the Mn particles onto a cleaned Si(111) substrate by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method and the observation was performed with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First, we have observed adsorption site, size and shape of the particles at room temperature. Next, the change of the STM image at elevated temperature up to 200 o C was observed. In this paper, we have discussed about the structure of clustered Mn particles on Si(111) substrate by comparing the result with particles of other kinds.
EL-Sabagh, M.,Imoto, S.,Yukizane, K.,Yokotani, A.,Sugino, T.,Obitsu, T.,Taniguchi, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.3
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of different dietary ratios of whole-crop corn silage and alfalfa hay on nitrogen (N) digestion, duodenal flow and metabolism across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) of growing beef steers, and to elucidate their relationships. Four steers (236${\pm}$7 kg BW) fitted with duodenal cannulae and chronic indwelling catheters into the portal and mesenteric veins and abdominal aorta were used in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. Animals were fed (at 12-h intervals) the 4 diets consisting of whole-crop corn silage (C) and alfalfa hay (A) in 80:20 (C8A2), 60:40 (C6A4), 40:60 (C4A6) and 20:80 (C2A8) ratios of which dietary crude protein (CP) was 10.5, 12.0, 13.5 and 15.0% of dry matter (DM), respectively. Feeding level was restricted to 95% of ad libitum intake to measure N digestion, blood flow and net flux of N across the PDV. Digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber and digestible energy intake linearly increased as the ratio of alfalfa hay increased. The N intake, duodenal flow and intestinal disappearance increased linearly with increasing alfalfa hay. Arterial and portal concentrations of ${\alpha}$-amino N showed a quadratic response to increasing levels of alfalfa hay and were the highest in steers fed the C6A4 diet. The net PDV release of ${\alpha}$-amino N and ammonia N increased linearly with increasing alfalfa hay, but urea N uptake by PDV did not differ among diets. As a percentage of apparently digested N in the total gut, net PDV release of ${\alpha}$-amino N linearly decreased from 66 to 48% with increasing alfalfa hay. Conversely, net PDV recovery of ${\alpha}$-amino N to intestinal N disappearance varied with increasing alfalfa hay accounting for 49, 50, 58 and 61% on C8A2, C6A4, C4A6 and C2A8 diets, respectively. Net PDV uptake of urea N, relative to apparently digested N, linearly decreased from 81 to 25% as alfalfa hay increased from 20 to 80% of DM intake. Considering PDV uptake of urea N, microbial efficiency and conversion of total tract digested N to PDV ${\alpha}$-amino N net supply, a diet consisting of 80% whole-crop corn silage and 20% alfalfa hay (10.5% CP) was the best, while considering the quantities of intestinal N disappearance and ${\alpha}$-amino N absorption, a diet of 20% whole-crop corn silage and 80% alfalfa hay (15% CP) would be preferred. The proportion of ${\alpha}$-amino N recovered by PDV relative to the intestinal N disappearance may vary with energy intake level of mixed forage diets.