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Yoko Shoji,Hideki Nakashima 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.9
We observed the suppressive effect of a powder formulation of African black tea extract prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensis on type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetic mice, KKA y/TaJcl. Black tea extract significantly showed suppressive effect of the elevation of blood glucose on oral glucose tolerance test of 8 week-old KK-Ay/TaJcl mice (P<0.05). Long-term treatment with black tea extract showed significant suppression of post-prandial blood glucose and obesity (P<0.05). The weight of the intestine of mice treated with black tea extract was significantly reduced (P<0.05). From these results, African black tea used in this study showed a suppressive effect on the elevation of blood glucose during food intake and the body weight.
Yoko Watanabe,Takashi Yamaguchi,Genki Katata,Izumi Noguchi 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.1
To establish the method for investigating the behavior of aerosol particles deposited on the leaf surface against fog water under natural conditions, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis and wash water analysis by ion chromatography after the washing treatment were performed using leaves of white birch collected from low part of the tree crown and the top of the tree in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Each of collected leaves was divided into two parts according to the treatment performed: leaf surface (adaxial side)was 1) untreated, and 2) washed with deionized water with a pipette. In untreated samples, many particles of various shapes, including soil particles and organic debris, were deposited on the surface. Particles containing S were found on the surface of samples collected from only low part of the tree crown. After the washing treatment, SEM-EDX analysis revealed that soil particles and particles containing S had been washed off with water, although some particles such as soil particles and organic debris still remained on the leaf surface. The major anion such as SO42- was detected in wash water of all samples,although the peak of S in X-ray spectra was not detected from samples collected at top of the tree. The combination of SEM-EDX analysis with wash water analysis indicated that SO42- was deposited on the leaf surface in dissolved state and/or in state of submicron particles. These results suggested that fog water could remove soil particles and particles containing S and SO42- from the leaf surfaces, but not all particles. There was no difference in sampling position in the tree crown. Our study suggested that combination with SEM-EDX analysis and wash water analysis would be effective for investigation of the behavior of particles on the leaf surface against fog water.
( Yoko Asari ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2012 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.16 No.2
This study examines the relationship between recasts and learners`` repair, taking into account 1) learners`` proficiency level and 2) timing of recasts. 543 recast episodes were detected from 17 beginning, 16 intermediate, and 17 advanced learners. While beginning learners were not able to repair if the intervening words between the learners`` error and the teacher``s recast exceeded two or more words, intermediate and advanced learners did not have the same problem. This suggests that more proficient learners were able to spare their attention to different aspects of linguistic information available from recasts. Interestingly, however, intermediate learners`` overall repair production was the highest and advanced learners`` repair rate decreased to the same level as beginning learners``. This ``horseshoe pattern`` posits a possible explanation of how fossilization occurs in second language acquisition.
Yoko Akiyama,Suqin Li,Koshiro Akiyama,Tatsuya Mori,Hidehiko Okada,Noriyuki Hirota,Tsuyoshi Yamaji,Hideki Matsuura,Seitoku Namba,Tomokazu Sekine,Fumihito Mishima,Shigehiro Nishijima 한국초전도저온공학회 2021 초전도와 저온공학 Vol.23 No.3
The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions becomes a global issue, the main source of carbon dioxide emissions in the Asian region is the energy conversion sector, especially coal-fired power plants. We are working to develop technologies that will at least limit the increase in carbon dioxide emissions from the thermal power plants as one way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Our research aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by removing iron oxide scale from the feedwater system of thermal power plants using a superconducting high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) system, thereby reducing the loss of power generation efficiency. In this paper, the background of thermal power plants in Asia is outlined, followed by a case study of the introduction of a chemical cleaning line at an actual thermal power plant in Japan, and the possibility of introducing it into the thermal power plants in China based on the results.
( Yoko Mizuta ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2015 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.16 No.4
Kaplan (1989a) claims that sentence P (I am here now) is logically true - i.e. true in every context of utterance. Its negation ~P (I am not here now) would then be logically false. Vision (1985), however, argued that ~P uttered in a voice message apparently stands for a true proposition. In the literature, this puzzle is called the Answering Machine Paradox (AMP) and has received the continuous attention of philosophers. Some scholars identify the reference of ‘I’ in the recording context. Others argue that the reference of ‘I’ is determined by elements such as the speaker’s intention, the linguistically competent and attentive audience, and the convention in which an answering machine is used. In any case, previous works hold, just like Kaplan, that the agent of ~P (and P) should be an individual and therefore that there is no agent in the playback context. In this position, the case of AMP would then be dismissed as an ‘improper utterance’, which goes beyond the scope of Kaplan’s theory. This paper provides a novel analysis of this philosophical issue from a cognitive scientific perspective, using the mental spaces framework. AMP is explained in two steps. The key proposal made in the first step is to introduce the agent of the utterance with one’s logical identity but without his/her physical identity (Agent_log). This notion of Agent_log is given a theoretical basis in terms of a cognitive blend of mental spaces. In the second step, the voice message involves a pragmatic mapping from the Agent_log to a relevant individual, who is the ultimate reference of ‘I’. The apparent puzzle in question is attributed to Kaplan’s empirical assumption that the agent should be an individual, as in a face-to face communication. With the introduction of the notion of Agent_log, a wider range of messages can be accommodated as proper utterances and Kaplan’s theory of indexicals is essentially defended.