Glycine- and GABA-mimetic Actions of Shilajit on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis in Mice

Yin, Hua,Yang, Eun-Ju,Park, Soo-Joung,Han, Seong-Kyu The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.5

Shilajit, a medicine herb commonly used in Ayurveda, has been reported to contain at least 85 minerals in ionic form that act on a variety of chemical, biological, and physical stressors. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) are involved in orofacial nociceptive processing. Shilajit has been reported to be an injury and muscular pain reliever but there have been few functional studies of the effect of Shilajit on the SG neurons of the Vc. Therefore, whole cell and gramicidin-perfotrated patch clamp studies were performed to examine the action mechanism of Shilajit on the SG neurons of Vc from mouse brainstem slices. In the whole cell patch clamp mode, Shilajit induced short-lived and repeatable inward currents under the condition of a high chloride pipette solution on all the SG neurons tested. The Shilajit-induced inward currents were concentration dependent and maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a voltage gated $Na^+$ channel blocker, CNQX, a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, and AP5, an NMDA receptor antagonist. The Shilajit-induced responses were partially suppressed by picrotoxin, a $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist, and totally blocked in the presence of strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, however not affected by mecamylamine hydrochloride (MCH), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Under the potassium gluconate pipette solution at holding potential 0 mV, Shilajit induced repeatable outward current. These results show that Shilajit has inhibitory effects on the SG neurons of Vc through chloride ion channels by activation of the glycine receptor and $GABA_A$ receptor, indicating that Shilajit contains sedating ingredients for the central nervous system. These results also suggest that Shilajit may be a potential target for modulating orofacial pain processing.

Korean Red Ginseng Extract Activates Non-NMDA Glutamate and GABA_A Receptors on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis in Mice

Yin, Hua,Park, Seon-Ah,Park, Soo-Joung,Han, Seong-Kyu The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.2

Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a valuable and important traditional medicine in East Asian countries and is currently used extensively for botanical products in the world. KRG has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system (CNS) suggesting its complicated action mechanisms. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) are involved in orofacial nociceptive processing. Some studies reported that KRG has antinociceptive effects, but there are few reports of the functional studies of KRG on the SG neurons of the Vc. In this study, a whole cell patch clamp study was performed to examine the action mechanism of a KRG extract on the SG neurons of the Vc from juvenile mice. KRG induced short-lived and repeatable inward currents on all the SG neurons tested in the high chloride pipette solution. The KRG-induced inward currents were concentration dependent and were maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin, a voltage gated $Na^+$ channel blocker. The KRG-induced inward currents were suppressed by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist and/or picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor antagonist. However, the inward currents were not suppressed by d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, an NMDA receptor antagonist. These results show that KRG has excitatory effects on the SG neurons of the Vc via the activation of non-NMDA glutamate receptor as well as an inhibitory effect by activation of the $GABA_A$ receptor, indicating the KRG has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the CNS. In addition, KRG may be a potential target for modulating orofacial pain processing.

A knowledge-based online fault detection method of the assembly process considering the relative poses of components

Yinhua Liu,Rui Sun,Yuwei Lu,Shiming Zhang 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.10

The real-time process fault detection in the multi-station assembly process is always a challenging problem for auto body manufactures. Traditionally, the fault diagnosis approaches for variation source identification are divided into two categories, i.e. the pattern matching methods and model-based estimation ones based on the collected data set. The measurements provide effective process monitoring, but the real-time process fault diagnosis in the assembly process is still difficult with the traditional diagnosis techniques, and always depends on the engineering experience in practice. Based on the assembly process knowledge, including multi-station assembly hierarchy, fixture scheme, measurement characteristics and tolerances etc. in the multi-station, a knowledge-based diagnostic methodology and procedures are proposed with the measurements of each body in white for part/component defections and faulty assembly station identification. For the station involved with defective parts/components, the sub-coordinate system of the part/component is established reflecting its position and pose in the space, and then the relative pose matrix to the “normally build” pose is calculated based on the deviations of sub-coordinates of the parts in this station. Finally, the assembly process malfunctions are determined by a proposed rule-based strategy with the relative pose matrix in real time. A simple 3 stations assembly process with 5 sheet metal parts was analyzed and compared with the traditional diagnostic method to verify the effectiveness and stability of the proposed method.

Neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2: from actin dynamics to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy

( Yinhua Zhang ),( Yeunkum Lee ),( Kihoon Han ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.5

The cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein family (CYFIP1 and CYFIP2) are evolutionarily conserved proteins originally identified as binding partners of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein whose loss causes the fragile X syndrome. Moreover, CYFIP is a key component of the heteropentameric WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), a critical regulator of neuronal actin dynamics. Therefore, CYFIP may play key roles in regulating both mRNA translation and actin polymerization, which are critically involved in proper neuronal development and function. Nevertheless, compared to CYFIP1, neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2 remain largely unknown, possibly due to the relatively less well established association between CYFIP2 and brain disorders. Despite high amino acid sequence homology between CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, several in vitro and animal model studies have suggested that CYFIP2 has some unique neuronal functions distinct from those of CYFIP1. Furthermore, recent whole-exome sequencing studies identified de novo hot spot variants of CYFIP2 in patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), clearly implicating CYFIP2 dysfunction in neurological disorders. In this review, we highlight these recent investigations into the neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2, and also discuss several key questions remaining about this intriguing neuronal protein. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(5): 304-311]

MODULE LEFT (m, n)-DERIVATIONS

Yinhua Cui,신동윤 한국수학교육학회 2017 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.24 No.1

Fo·sner [1] defined a module left (m; n)-derivation and proved the Hyers- Ulam stability of module left (m; n)-derivations. In this note, we prove that every module left (m; n)-derivation is trival if the algebra is unital and m 6= n.

QUADRATIC ρ-FUNCTIONAL INEQUALITIES IN NON-ARCHIMEDEAN NORMED SPACES

Yinhua Cui,현윤탁,윤성식 한국수학교육학회 2017 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.24 No.2

in this paper, we solve the following quadratic rho-functional inequalities \begin{eqnarray} \left\| f\left(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\right)+f\left(\frac{x-y-z}{2}\right)+f\left(\frac{y-x-z}{2}\right)+f\left(\frac{z-x-y}{2}\right) -f(x) -f(y) -f(z) \right\| \leq \| \rho (f(x+y+z) + f(x-y-z) +f(y-x-z)+f(z-x-y) -4f(x)-4f(y)-4f(z)\|, \end{eqnarray} and \begin{eqnarray} \| f(x+y+z) + f(x-y-z)+f(y-x-z)+f(z-x-y) -4f(x)-4f(y) -4f(z) \| \leq \left \| \rho \left( f\left(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\right)+f\left(\frac{x-y-z}{2}\right) +f\left(\frac{y-x-z}{2}\right)+f\left(\frac{z-x-y}{2}\right)-f(x)-f(y)-f(z) \right) \right\|,\end{eqnarray} where rho is a fixed non-Archimedean number with |rho| < |8|. Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic rho-functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in non-Archimedean Banach spaces and prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic ρ-functional equations associated with the quadratic rho-functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in non-Archimedean Banach spaces.

Effect of Pre-Cleaning Treatment and Contact Wetting Angle in the Interface between P-Doped Si Surfaces and Selective Solar Cell Electrodes

Yinhua Cui,최은미,Areum Kim,Leeseul Oh,Seon Jea Lee,Ayeon Ryang,박한수,임경희,표성규 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.4

Prior to electroless plating of the solar cell electrode, the sample was cleaned with a mixture of a sulfuric acid and peroxide solution and a H2NCH2CH2CH2Si(OC2H5) solution. We measured the de-wetting and contact angles of the solar cell thin film electrode. After SPM and APTES treatments, an excellent hydrophilic contact angle was observed. Our results show that it is more effective to remove oxidizer with SiO2 than HF mixed solutions. When comparing the efficiency, pre-treatment with a NH4F:HF mixed solution was more efficient than pre-treatment with a diluted HF solution. After NH4F:HF mixed solution cleaning, when the electrode was formed, the contact resistance that most directly affected the cleaning effect was 0.8194 ohm/sq, which had three times more improvement effect. It is expected that if an optimum cleaning time and process conditions for each cleaning chemical is developed, more improved contact resistance will be secured when each cleaning chemical is applied.

Ã-UNIFORM STABILITY FOR LINEAR IMPULSIVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Yinhua Cui,Sung Sook Kim,Yoon Hoe Goo 충청수학회 2014 충청수학회지 Vol.27 No.3

In this paper, we show the Ã-uniform stability for lin-ear impulsive di??erential equations and their perturbations by using the impulsive Gronwall s inequalities.

Structural Diversity of Five New Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Tuned by Different Salt Anions

Yinhua Tao,Yongbing Lou,Yang Li,Jinxi Chen 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.5

Five new lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln2(1,4-NDC)2(1,4-HNDC)2(phen)2]n (Ln = Er (1), Yb (2)), and [Ln2(1,4-NDC)3(phen)2(H2O)2]n (Ln = Nd (3), Gd (4), Er (5)) (1,4-H2NDC = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), have been successfully prepared via the reaction of corresponding trivalent lanthanide salt, 1,4-H2NDC and phen in the presence of NaOH and pyridine under hydrothermal condition. Pyridine plays a key role in the synthesis of these lanthanide coordination polymers. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that compounds 1-5 all form a 2-D network while different salt anions result in the diversity of crystal structures. These lanthanide coordination polymers showed a considerable thermal stability in TGA analyses.

Influence of Inorganic Ions and pH on the Photodegradation of 1-Methylimidazole-2- thiol with TiO2 Photocatalyst Based on Magnetic Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

Yinhua Jiang,Yingying Luo,Ziyang Lu,Pengwei Huo,Weinan Xing,Ming He,Jiqin Li,Yongsheng Yan 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.1

1-Methylimidazole-2-thiol, as a kind of mercaptans, is a typical organic pollutant which has not been efficiently removed. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) photocatalyst based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized via hydrothermal and sol-gel methods. The as-prepared photocatalyst was extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy diffraction spectrum (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). This photocatalyst of TiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 /MWCNTs was proved to exhibit high photocatalytic efficiency and the photodegradation rate could reach nearly 82.7% for the degradation of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol under ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, the results demonstrated that inorganic ions had a negative impact on photodegradation of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol to varying degrees. Moreover, pH had a great and complex effect on photocatalytic degradation of 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol under ultraviolet irradiation.