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Fabrication and Performance of X-ray tube with CNT based Electron Beam (C-beam)
Yi Yin Yu,Kyu Chang Park 한국진공학회 2021 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2021 No.2
Modern x-ray imaging techniques require more finer resolution and dose reduction for early diagnosis of diseases and safety regulation respectively. Currently available x-ray sources are based on thermionic electron emitters which emit electron when they are heated over 2000 K. Therefore, the emitters are susceptible to oxidation and it degrades x-ray tube lifespan. In addition, the emitted electron beam has wide beam divergence hence, additional electrodes are required to focus the beam on anode target. Besides fast switching of x-ray radiation from thermionic emitters is impossible due to its inherent electron emission mechanism. Field emission phenomena and the principles are intensively studied due to the its extraordinary electrical properties. Among them, vertically align carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are prominent cold cathode candidates owing to their ballast electron transport characteristics and free-standing structure which is easy to maximize electric field strength to the emitters. The authors report on triode configuration e-beam module fabrication process and their electrical characteristics for the purpose of x-ray tube applications. Furthermore, a reflection type of glass sealed x-ray tube also fabricated with our c-beam module. The tube properties such as 1-V curves, dose rate and focal spot size were evaluated and compared to that of conventional thermionic one. The authors believe that our cold cathode employed x-ray tubes are viable for high resolution medical imaging and dose reduction thanks to their narrow beam divergence and capability of instantaneous switching respectively.
Yin Yin KHOO,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Rohaila YUSOF,Chooi Yi WEI 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.9
Purpose: This study aims to examine the demographic similarities and differences in objectives, methodology, and findings of previous studies in the context of gaining financial literacy using videos. This study employs a systematic review design. Research design, data and methodology: Based on the content analysis method, 15 articles were chosen from Scopus and Science Direct during 2015-2020. After formulating the research questions, the paper identification process, screening, eligibility, and quality appraisal are discussed in the methodology. The keywords for the advanced search included “Financial literacy”, “Financial Education”, and “Video”. Results: The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of learning financial literacy using videos. Significant results were obtained when students interacted with the video content distribution. The findings of this study provide an overview and lead to a better understanding of the use of video in financial literacy. Conclusions: This study is important as a guide for educators in future research and practice planning. A systematic review on this topic is the research gap. Video learning was active learning that involved student-centered activities that help students engage with financial literacy. By conducting a systematic review, researchers and readers may also understand how extending an individual's financial literacy may change after financial education.
Pepsin and Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas
Cheng-Yi Yin,Sha-Sha Zhang,Jiang-Tao Zhong,Shui-Hong Zhou 대한이비인후과학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.14 No.2
Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas are common malignant tumors of the head and neck, and the incidence of both is increasing. Laryngopharyngeal reflux refers to the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx, and/or nasopharynx. It remains controversial whether laryngopharyngeal reflux is a risk factor for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The refluxing substances mainly include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and occasionally bile acids and bile salts, as well as bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of epithelium in the mucous membrane of the larynx and hypopharynx is thought to be caused by pepsin. Here, we review the relationships between laryngopharyngeal reflux and both laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as the significance of pepsin, methods of clinical detection, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
Zhang, Yi-Yin,Gu, Kang-Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9
Objective: To investigate the correlation between ERCC1 expression levels in tumor tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with gastric cancer and assess the relationship between PBL DNA repair rate (DRR) and the efficacy of platinum chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 53 patients with gastric cancer receiving surgery and 20 controls were studied. ERCC1 protein expression in tumour tissue and PBL were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The PBL DRRs of 47 advanced patients and 20 controls were estimated by comet assay. Results: The positive expression rates of ERCC1 were 67. 9%, 56. 6% and 10.0% in tumour tissues, PBLs of gastric cancer patients, and PBLs of the control group. PBL ERCC1 expression correlated with that in tissue (${\chi}^2$=15. 463, p=0.000). Pearson contingency coefficient=0.475). DRRs of cancer patients by tail length (TL) (Z=4. 662, p=0.000) and tail moment (TM) (Z=3. 827, p=0.000) were significantly lower than that of control group. When TL was applied as an indicator, the correlation between DRR and chemotherapy efficacy was significant (Spearman rank correlation r=0.327, p=0.032). Patients with low levels of DRR in PBL presented better short-term efficacy of chemotherapy than those with high levels of DRR. Conclusions: The ERCC1 expression in PBLs may indirectly reflect ERCC1 expression in gastric cancer tissues. Compared with non-cancer populations, patients with gastric cancer may have lower DNA repair capacity. DRR in PBL may predict the short-term efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer.