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Optical metrology of randomly-distributed Au colloids on a multilayer film
Hsu, Shih-Hsin,Chang, Yia-Chung,Chen, Yi-Chun,Wei, Pei-Kuen,Kim, Y. D. The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.2
<P>Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements coupled with efficient theoretical modeling and scanning electron microscopy analysis are used in the metrology of randomly-distributed gold nanoparticles on a multilayer film. Measurements were conducted in the ultraviolet to near infrared region at several angles of incidence. To understand the size, shape, and distribution of nanoparticles, a finite-element Green's function approach considering the scattering from multiple nanoparticles was employed to calculate the ellipsometry parameters. Our calculations are in fair agreement with the ellipsometry measurements when suitable size, shape, and distribution pattern of nanoparticles are found. This demonstrates that SE could be a useful tool to the metrology of arbitrarily-distributed nanoparticles on a multilayer film.</P>
Rameswor Maharjan,Hwijong Yia,용윤남,장윤우,김용철,배순도 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3
Azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is a cosmopolitan pest of stored grain legumes. Larvae cause huge losses of energy and seeds in the storage. This study assessed the effects of short-term exposure to low-temperatures (4, 0, and −4 °C) under seven durations of storage (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days) on the survival, development, and adult performance of C. chinensis in laboratory. The effects were studied on three life stages (egg, larva [2–3 instar], and pupa) of C. chinensis. The results showed that low-temperature treatments have significant effects on the life variables of C. chinensis. Among the stages, egg and pupa stages were most sensitive to low-temperature. The very low survival rates of eggs at −4 °C, no pupa stages of C. chinensis survived after 10 days storage. Cold exposure at −4 °C for< 10 days not only increased egg and pupa mortality, but the negative effects also transmitted to the larvae and pupa developed from those eggs (64.3 days) and least adults were emerged with minimum longevity. Increasing the duration of cold exposure further reduced survival rates, e.g. about 20% of the eggs survived after 15 days exposure at −4 °C, but< 30% of them survived after 25 days treatment at 4 and 0 °C. Low-temperature treatments have also affected on the adult performances such as adult weight. However, there were not any negative effects of low-temperatures on the seed germination. The life variables of C. chinensis are discussed in terms of targeting particular susceptibilities to low-temperatures in different durations of storage as an alternative to chemical treatments.
Optical Properties of GaN by Using Ellipsometry and a Band Calculation
김영동,김태중,변준석,Yia-Chung Chang,HyeJung Kim 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.3
We present the optical properties of a hexagonal GaN (α-GaN) film grown on a c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate with about a 1.9-μm thickness. The pseudodielectric function spectra of GaN were obtained from 0.7 to 9.0 eV at room temperature by using vacuum UV-variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. To determine the exact critical point (CP) energy values, we used a parametric semiconductor model and a standard line shape analysis for 2nd derivatives of GaN data. Also, from the obtained CP values, we calculated the band structures of GaN by using the linear augmented Slater-type orbital (LASTO) method to identify the CPs.
김태중,공태호,윤재진,황순용,Nilesh Barange,김영동,Yia-Chung Chang 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.8
We report the parameters necessary to construct the dielectric functions of Cd1−xMgxTe ternary alloys at room temperature for arbitrary compositions from x = 0 to x = 0.5. The experimental spectra were measured by using vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range from 0.7 to 9.0 eV. By performing a band structure calculation with the linear augmented Slater-type orbital method, we newly identify the four higher band gaps as E2 + Δ2, E2(Δ), E2(Σ), and E′1 transitions.
姜周泰,廉炯奎,李潤功 東亞大學校 學生指導硏究所 1977 學生硏究 Vol.8 No.-
The present study was to investigate the present status of high school environment. The Sample for this study consisted of 730 students and 225 teachers of various high schools in Busan. The data of school environment were obtained from the questionaire developed by self-mdde, and the tool composed of affirmatiue items, was drawn from the diagnostic school environment test standarzied by Sang Jo, Kang and others. The results obtained front the above materials were as follows; 1) There was a significant difference between high group and tow one in human relation. 2) In role expection, high group was higher than low one, and vocational schools were higher than liberal arts ones. 3) In school atmosphere, private schools wire mire desiable than public ones, and also high group was more desiable than low one. 4) In Principal's leadership, there was a significant difference between high group and low one. On the basis of the results, the following conclusions may be made. 1) A disabie human relationship makes school climate much mere familliar and confident. 2) Role expectation develops the contents of the role given to both teachers and students so that, makes school climate academic. 3) It is emphasized in the school climate to organize the student activity. 4) The principales ought to allow self-control in order to make more familiar and confidential school climates in school environment.
Hsin-An Chang,Ying-Hsiu Wang,Che-Se Tung,Chin-Bin Yeh,Yia-Ping Liu 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.5
Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (TrkB), play important roles in treating depression. In this experiment, we examined whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a novel potent TrkB agonist, could reverse the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities induced by the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm in rats. Methods SD rats were exposed to a battery of stressors for 56 days. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (5 and 20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during the last 28 days of the CMS paradigm. Rats were tested in sucrose consumption test (SCT), forced-swimming test (FST) and elevated T-maze (ETM). Serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal BDNF levels of the rats were measured. Results Four-week CMS on the rats induced their depression-like behavior in SCT. The CMS-reduced sucrose consumption was reversed starting from 7 days after the 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) treatment and remained across the subsequent treatment regime. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, when given at 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks, reduced the immobility time in the FST in the CMS-subjected rats. Additionally, the 4-week treatment with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) attenuated the CMS-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior in the ETM. For the CMS-subjected rats, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone treatment dose-dependently reduced their serum corticosterone levels but increased their hippocampal BDNF levels only at 5 mg/kg. Conclusiona 7,8-dihydroxyflavone was beneficial for both depression and anxiety-like behaviors, and may exert fast-onset antidepressant effects. This provides a new insight into the pharmacological management of depression. ObjectiveaaBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (TrkB), play important roles in treating depression. In this experiment, we examined whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a novel potent TrkB agonist, could reverse the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities induced by the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm in rats. MethodsaaSD rats were exposed to a battery of stressors for 56 days. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (5 and 20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during the last 28 days of the CMS paradigm. Rats were tested in sucrose consumption test (SCT), forced-swimming test (FST) and elevated T-maze (ETM). Serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal BDNF levels of the rats were measured. ResultsaaFour-week CMS on the rats induced their depression-like behavior in SCT. The CMS-reduced sucrose consumption was reversed starting from 7 days after the 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) treatment and remained across the subsequent treatment regime. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, when given at 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks, reduced the immobility time in the FST in the CMS-subjected rats. Additionally, the 4-week treatment with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) attenuated the CMS-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior in the ETM. For the CMS-subjected rats, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone treatment dose-dependently reduced their serum corticosterone levels but increased their hippocampal BDNF levels only at 5 mg/kg. Conclusion 7,8-dihydroxyflavone was beneficial for both depression and anxiety-like behaviors, and may exert fast-onset antidepressant effects. This provides a new insight into the pharmacological management of depression.
Kuo-Jung Chang,Yu-Jung Chen,Jing-Yi Chung,Chen-Cheng Lin,Yia-Ping Liu 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.10
Objective: Post weanling isolation-reared (IR) rats are featured with depressive phenotype, yet its mechanism is not clearly defined particularly in terms of the involvement of central 5-HT1A receptors. The present study aims to examine the effects of 5HT1A activation on forced swim test (FST) in IR rats following 5-HT depletion. Methods: Social control (SOC) and IR rats received an intracerebraoventricular (ICV) injection of 5-HT depletion agent, 5,7-DHT. 14days after the surgery, rats were assessed their performance in FST with or without the challenge with a 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT. Rats were then sacrificed for analyzing their 5-HT tissue levels and the expressions of their 5-HA1A receptors in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HPX), and amygdala (AMY). Results: 5,7-DHT decreased the tissue concentration of 5-HT in both IR and SOC rats. IR rats were more immobile and less sensitive to the lesion-induced immobility, however this effect was reversed by acute challenge of 8-OH-DPAT. 5,7-DHT lesion increased the expression of PFC 5-HT1A receptors. Conclusion: The integrity of central 5-HT system is developmentally crucial for the 5-HT1A-relevant depression profile in rats of social isolation.