일개 농촌지역주민 이병실태에 관한 조사 : 경기도 남양주군 수동면 Su-Dong Myun, Nam Yang-Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do

박정현,양정인,이향미 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1985 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.17

A study on the morbidity status in a Korean rural community, Su-Dong Myun, Nam Yang-Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do was carried out, through analyzing the medical records of Su-Dong Myun Health Subcenter during the period of January to December, 1983 and the following results were obtained. 1) Population of Su-Dong Myun was 5,040 composed of 2,561 male and 2,479 female and the sex ratio was 103.3. 2) Population of Su-Dong Myun by age was composed of 31.5% age group of 0-14, 47.1% age group of 15-49 and 21.4% age group of 50 and over. and dependency rate of Su-Dong Myun Population was 77.1% in 1983. 3) The number of new patients visited to Su-Dong Myun Health Subcenter was 2,811 composed of 51.9% male and 48.1% female during the year of 1983. 4) Annual utilization rate in total was 557.7 per 1,000 population and 570.1 for male and 545.0 for female, and the highest age specific utilization rate was 1,807.6 per 1,000 in the age group of 0-4 and lowest was 242.4 per 1,000 in the age group of 20-24. 5) The order of five major diseases was Diseases of the Respiratory System (36.8%), Diseases of Digestive System (21.1%), Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous (14.3%), Accidents, Poisonings, and Violence (11.4%) and Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs (8.4%). 6) The average visiting time of out-patients in the Health Subcenter was 1.60 per case. The range of average visiting times of diseases was 1.00 to 5.02. 7) The monthly distribution of out-patients visited to Su-Dong Myun Health Subcenter was shown the highest rate in August (71.0) and the lowest in February (37.1) per 1,000 poulation. 8) The annual inhabitant utilization rate by Rie was the highest in Ribsouk 3 Rie (842.4), and the lowest in Gidoon Rie(249.4) per 1,000. 9) The proportion of medical fee of patients visited to Health Subcenter by sources were 66.4% of patients paid by Su-Dong Myun Community Health Development Association and patient self, 17.0% by Medical Insurance Program and 16.6% by Government Medical Aid Program. 10) Average medical fee per first visiting was 2,763±863(￦) and average medical fee per case was 4,002±3,701(￦).

만성 부비동염에서 섬모운동과 전산화 단층촬영에서의 상악동 점막비후의 상관관계

민양기,전상준,이재서,이철회,이강수,윤자복,이원진,박광석 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.7

지속적 교환관계에서 협력에 영향을 미치는 요인

鄭洋一,李鑑鏞 大田産業大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

공공의 자본참여를 통한 민간투자사업 활성화 방안

이양수,최외출 嶺南大學校社會科學硏究所 2002 社會科學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

본 논문은 현재 정부에서 추진하고있는 민자유치사업의 목적과 현황을 간략히 살펴보고, 추진과정에서의 문제점을 분석하고 있다. 특히 민자사업의 원활한 추진에 장애요인으로 지적될 수 있는 재원조달문제를 분석하여 정부와 민간사업자가 자금조달 위험요소를 적절히 분배할 수 있는 방안으로써 공공의 자본참여 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 민자사업에서 전통적으로 사용되고 있는 자금조달방법인 프로젝트 파이낸싱 기법을 소개하면서, 현행 민간투자법 하에서 공공부분의 자본참여 방안을 제시하였다. 특히 지방정부가 민간투자사업의 사업주의 일원으로 참여함에 따라 지자체의 지속적 행정지원, 관계부처간 업무협조원활, 프로젝트 자체 신용도 제고로 파이낸싱 비용절감 및 파이낸싱 모집의 용이 등 이점이 예상됨을 주장하였다. 즉, 사업준비기에 필요한 자금을 민관합동법인에 출자하여, 민관합동 법인에서 지출하게 함으로써 지자체는 예산상의 손실 없이 자본을 회수할 수 있으므로 예산보전효과가 기대된다. 또한 운영기간 동안 얻게 되는 배당이익을 통한 통행료의 인하 혹은 운영기간의 단축 등으로 시민들에게 부담을 덜어 줄 수도 있다. 이러한 공공부분의 자본참여 방안으로써 현행 공기업 법에서 민간투자법인에 외부출자를 할 수 있도록 규정을 완화함으로써 공공부분의 민자사업 참여가 더욱 활발해 질 수 있는 정책적 대안을 제시하였다. 또한 본 연구는 민자사업에 있어서 공공이 참여할 때 유의해야 할 점으로 민관의 갈등 그리고 민자사업 본래의 의의인 민간의 창의성, 투명성을 제한해서는 안 되는 것임을 동시에 주장하고 있다.

영어 관사 사용의 오류분석

정승영,이양선 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2003 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss and analyze the students' errors in using the articles in English and to give some materials for the more efficient teaching of them. Chapter 2 deals with the two major theoretical hypotheses. Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis and Error Analysis Hypothesis. The first hypothesis maintains that the difficulty of second language acquisition lies in the interference of the structure of a mother language. The second hypothesis assumes that the most important factor of the learner's error is caused by the difficulty in acquiring the target language itself. Overgeneralization and language transfer are the two main sources of errors. The error analysis is also different from contrastive analysis in that error analysis does not assume the interference from mother tongue as the major source of error. Chapter 3 analyze the errors of the students. In order to investigate what factors cause learner's error. 200 students were chosen as an experimental group. The result of the experiment showed that in sources of errors interalingual transfer(40.3%) influenced the learners much than interlingual transfer(23.2%) did while the students learned the target language. The overgeneralization phenomena seem to be resulted from the excessive emphsis on the grammatical structures in the target language. Chapter 4 deals with the result of investigation in the actual use of articles. Especially, definite articles were overused in the interlanguage development process. On the other hand, the frequency of null article is far less than that of definite articles and indefinite articles but the error percentage of which is much lower than that of definite articles and indefinite articles. Thus we suggest that articles must be treated within framework of discourse, and thereby make learners aware of the roles and functions of articles in discourse or situational contexts. In conclusion, all the teachers should teach students the usages and rules of articles systematically and formally by presenting paragraphs and situational discourses so as to serve students' better uses of them.

조건단일화를 이용한 한국어 구문 분석

이용석,황이규,양승원 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

Korean, which is classified as a non-structural language, has a simple grammar structure but it has a lot of structural ambiguities in its grammar itself. As the role of extra-grammatical information is much more important than that of grammar rules in the syntactic analysis of Korean, an analysis mechanism is required to check dynamically the grammatical relationship between each of constituents. In this paper, we define the conditional unification the method that selectively performs unifications which are satisfied with some conditions in the unification-based analysis. In order to support this kind of analysis method, we extend the PATRⅡ by adding the various condition check devices. We adopt the tree unification to solve the problem of the DAG unification when we implement the conditional unification. In order to show that our presented method is suitable for Korean analysis, we explain that it can solve difficult problems easily, such as ellipsis and inversion. In addition, we show that it is possible to process the coordinate clause that the predicate of the first clause is omitted in the presented method.

Gradient doping simulation of perovskite solar cells with CH3NH3Sn1−xPbxI3 as the absorber layer

Yang Qingchen,Yang Sui,Xi Tingting,Li Hongxing,Yi Jie,Zhong Jianxin 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.44 No.-

In this study, we built a perovskite solar cells(PSCs) model with a Au/CuSCN/CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI3/TiO2/FTO glass structure using the SCAPS program and use polynomial fitting to obtain the relationship between the conduction/valence bands of CH3NH3Sn1-xPbxI3 and the x value, which is more complex and accurate than that in any previous research. The influences of thickness, electron and hole mobilities, relative permittivity, effective conduction band density, effective valence band density, and the value of x on the solar cell performance are analyzed. Furthermore, we simulate the situation where the doping concentration changes with the absorption layer depth of the device and a special bandgap is formed. The power conversion efficiency of the device improves from 19.96% to 20.52%, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.776 V, a short-circuit current of 33.79 mA/cm2, and a filling factor of 77.39% when double gradient doping is performed. The application value of gradient doping in the device absorption layer is obtained.

A CONTROLLED CYCLIC LOADING ON THE SURFACE TREATED AND BONDED CERAMIC: STAIRCASE METHOD

Yi, Yang-Jin The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2008 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.46 No.3

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Effect of surface treatment of ceramic under loading does not appear to have been investigated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment of esthetic ceramic, which is performed to increase the bonding strength, on the fracture stress under controlled cyclic loading condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty 1.0 mm-thick specimens were made from Mark II Vitablocs (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and divided into 3 groups: polished (control), sandblasted, and etched. Specimens of each group were bonded to a dentin analog material base including micro-channels to facilitate the flow of water to the bonding interface. Bonded ceramics were cyclically loaded with a flat-end piston in the water (500,000 cycles, 15Hz). Following completion of cyclic loading, specimens were examined for subsurface crack formation and subsequent stress was determined and loaded to next specimen by the staircase method according to the crack existence. RESULTS: There were significant differences of mean fatigue limit in the sandblasted (222.86 ${\pm}$ 23.42 N) and etched group (222.86 ${\pm}$ 14.16 N) when compared to polished group (251.43 ${\pm}$ 10.6 N) (P<.05; Wald-type pair-wise comparison and post hoc Bonferroni test). Of cracked specimens, surface treated group showed longer crack propagation after 24 hours. All failures originated from the radial cracking without cone crack. Fracture resistance of this study was very low and comparable to failure load in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Well controlled cyclic loading could induce clinically relevant cracks and fracture resistance of Mark II ceramic was relatively low applicable only to anterior restorations. Surface treatment of inner surface of feldspathic porcelain in the matsicatory area could influence lifetime of restorations.

Occurrences and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water and water/sewage treatment plants: A review

Yang, Yi,Ok, Yong Sik,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Tsang, Yiu Fai Elsevier 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In recent years, many of micropollutants have been widely detected because of continuous input of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment and newly developed state-of-the-art analytical methods. PPCP residues are frequently detected in drinking water sources, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and water treatment plants (WTPs) due to their universal consumption, low human metabolic capability, and improper disposal. When partially metabolized PPCPs are transferred into STPs, they elicit negative effects on biological treatment processes; therefore, conventional STPs are insufficient when it comes to PPCP removal. Furthermore, the excreted metabolites may become secondary pollutants and can be further modified in receiving water bodies. Several advanced treatment systems, including membrane filtration, granular activated carbon, and advanced oxidation processes, have been used for the effective removal of individual PPCPs. This review covers the occurrence patterns of PPCPs in water environments and the techniques adopted for their treatment in STP/WTP unit processes operating in various countries. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the removal and fate of PPCPs in different treatment facilities as well as the optimum methods for their elimination in STP and WTP systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There is a large variation in PPCP removal in STPs and WTPs (−157–100%). </LI> <LI> PPCP removal is dependent on compound characteristics and process-specific factors. </LI> <LI> Advanced treatment technologies are effective for PPCP removal. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Design and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Drug Delivery

Yi Yan Yang,Chuan Yang,Jeremy P. K. Tan,Nikken Wiradharma,Shrinivas Venkataraman,Amalina Bte Ebrahim Attia,Zhan Yuin Ong,Wei Cheng,Ashlynn Lee,Lin Kin Yong,Kazuki Fukushima,Sung Ho Kim,Daniel J. Coady 한국고분자학회 2011 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2011 No.1