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A new era of macrophage-based cell therapy
Na Yi Rang,Kim Sang Wha,Seok Seung Hyeok 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Macrophages are essential innate immune cells found throughout the body that have protective and pathogenic functions in many diseases. When activated, macrophages can mediate the phagocytosis of dangerous cells or materials and participate in effective tissue regeneration by providing growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. Ex vivo-generated macrophages have thus been used in clinical trials as cell-based therapies, and based on their intrinsic characteristics, they outperformed stem cells within specific target diseases. In addition to the old methods of generating naïve or M2 primed macrophages, the recently developed chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages revealed the potential of genetically engineered macrophages for cell therapy. Here, we review the current developmental status of macrophage-based cell therapy. The findings of important clinical and preclinical trials are updated, and patent status is investigated. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future directions of macrophage-based cell therapy, which will help broaden the potential utility and clinical applications of macrophages.
( Jae-hyuk Han ),( Na-hyun Shin ),( Je-hoon Moon ),( Changhwan Yi ),( Soo-cheul Yoo ),( Joong Hyoun Chin ) 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.1
Saltol is one of the most well-known quantitative loci (QTLs) for salinity tolerance in rice. It has been used to develop highly tolerant rice varieties in saline and coastal areas in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Africa. However, the functional activity of Saltol is not well known, and the molecular marker application of readily developed linked markers in Saltol has not always been successful in the rice breeding programs for salinity tolerance improvement. Interestingly, two BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>9</sub> sister backcrossed inbred lines (BILs), which have been developed by marker-assisted backcrossing utilized the linked markers of Saltol to improve the salinity tolerance of MS11 (a temperate japonica growing in tropical condition). The BILs showed very different phenotypic and stress tolerance, although both contained the Saltol QTL. The genomic similarity of the two BILs was 73%, and we have identified the genomic sites of different genic constitutions between the lines utilizing background genotyping. The stress response of the two BILs showed difference in survival rate, grain yield under highly saline field condition, and SPAD, SES in hydroponic conditions. MS11-SaltolA showed salinity tolerance through Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> homeostasis with relatively high K<sup>+</sup> ion uptake and low Na<sup>+</sup> ion uptake in the seedling stage. Further genomic analyses with whole genome resequencing is ongoing to study on gene interactions. The developed highly tolerant MS11-SaltolA can be used as an improved donor in rice molecular breeding for high salinity tolerance.
이기철,서영상,구지영,이나경 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1
In this study, the spatiotemporal surface temperature changes were analyzed in the Korean pennisula. The surface temperature variation was estimated using the split-window method and NOAA/AVHRR data in 1991, 1995 and 2000. The ranges of differences were 3-15℃ around the penninsula. The differences in seasonal variations and yearly flucturations in big cities were lower than those in rural areas and showed clearly the effects of the urbanization. The characteristics of urban heat affects were further determined based on the day and night time temparature comparision on Busan metropolitan area between these periods. Finally, the future use of this technology was suggested for the urban environmental planning.
Combined delivery of BCNU and VEGF siRNA using amphiphilic peptides for glioblastoma
Yi, Na,Oh, Binna,Kim, Hyun Ah,Lee, Minhyung Informa Healthcare 2014 JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING Vol.22 No.2
<P>Combined delivery of chemical drug and therapeutic gene has been introduced as an efficient method for the treatment of cancers such as glioblastoma. In this study, bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) small interfering RNA (VEGF-siRNA) were co-delivered into C6 glioblastoma cells using a non-toxic peptide-based carrier. The R3V6 peptides, which are composed of 3-arginine and 6-valine, formed self-assembled micelles in aqueous solution. BCNU, a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, was loaded into the hydrophobic core of the micelles, forming BCNU-loaded R3V6 micelles (R3V6-BCNU). In gel retardation assay, R3V6-BCNU formed a stable complex with siRNA. <I>In vitro</I> transfection assay showed that the VEGF-siRNA/R3V6-BCNU complex had the highest transfection efficiency into C6 cells at a 1:20 weight ratio (VEGF-siRNA:R3V6-BCNU). In addition, the VEGF-siRNA/R3V6-BCNU complexes had higher delivery efficiency than lipofectamine or naked siRNA. VEGF expressions were remarkably decreased by transfection of the VEGF-siRNA/R3V6 or VEGF-siRNA/R3V6-BCNU complexes. Furthermore, R3V6-BCNU delivered BCNU more efficiently into the cells than BCNU only. Therefore, R3V6 delivered both VEGF-siRNA and BCNU efficiently into the glioblastoma cells. The results suggest that R3V6-BCNU may be useful for combined delivery of siRNA and chemical drug into cancer cells.</P>
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect the MHV Infection in Mice
Yi-Rang Na,Seung-Hyeok Seok,Min-Won Baek,Hui-Young Lee,Dong-Jae Kim,Kyoung-Jin Noh,Sung-Hoon Park,Hyun-Kyoung Lee,Noton Kumar Dutta,Byoung-Hee Lee,Jae-Hak Park 한국실험동물학회 2006 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.22 No.4
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is one of the major troublesome infectious diseases in laboratory mice. ELISA techniques generally have been shown to be more sensitive than other diagnostic methods for detection of MHV infection. Here, we developed an ELISA test method by using MHV type-2 strain and it gave reliable test results about detection of MHV infection in mice with high accuracy and low costs.
Peptide Micelles for Anti-cancer Drug Delivery in an Intracranial Glioblastoma Animal Model
Na Yi,이민형 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.10
Bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) is currently used as an anti-cancer drug for glioblastoma therapy. In this study, BCNU was loaded into the hydrophobic cores of R3V6 amphiphilic peptide micelles for efficient delivery into brain tumors. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) study showed that the BCNU-loaded R3V6 peptide micelles (R3V6-BCNU) formed spherical micelles. MTT assay showed that R3V6-BCNU more efficiently induced cell death in C6 glioblastoma cells than did BCNU. In the Annexin V assay, R3V6-BCNU more efficiently induced apoptosis than did BCNU alone. Furthermore, the results showed that R3V6 was not toxic to cells. The positive charges of the R3V6 peptide micelles may facilitate the interaction between R3V6- BCNU and the cellular membrane, resulting in an increase in cellular uptake of BCNU. In vivo evaluation with an intracranial glioblastoma rat model showed that R3V6-BCNU more effectively reduced tumor size than BCNU alone. The results suggest that R3V6 peptide micelles may be an efficient carrier of BCNU for glioblastoma therapy.
Yi Na Jiang,Biao Wang,Hui Li,Lu Ming Yao,Tian Long Wu 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.6
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites found in many higher plants. The multiple roles of their flavone subclass include protection against UV damage,regulation of auxin transport, and modulation of flower color. In soybean (Glycine max), flavone synthase II (FNS II) is the key enzyme responsible for flavone biosynthesis. Two FNS II genes from soybean cultivar Hefeng 47 were cloned according to basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) contexts using flavone synthase sequences reported in other species. These were named GmFNSII-1and GmFNSII-2. Sequence alignments showed that the cDNA of GmFNSII-1 was identical to that of CYP93B16,whereas GmFNSII-2 was clearly distinct. Functional assays in yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) suggested that these two enzymes could convert (2S)-naringenin into apigenin. The two GmFNSII genes had similar tissue-specific expression patterns, but GmFNSII-2 was significantly expressed in the roots after treatment with 0.4 M glucose. This demonstrates that the gene plays an important role in the response to defense signals in soybean. RNA interference-mediated suppression of those GmFNSII genes effectively regulated flavone and isoflavone production in hairy roots that arose from soybean cotyledons transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ATCC15834). Our study also highlights some of the challenges associated with metabolic engineering of plant natural products.