BOARD STRUCTURE AND AGENCY COSTS

Bing sheng Yi,Chia Wei Chen,T Chotigeat People&Global Business Association 2007 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.12 No.1

Several features are used to measure board structure: board size. leadership. inside director ownership. outside director ownership, and proportion of outside directors. Among these features. only inside director ownership significantly affects agency costs. and its effect is non-linear. In addition, the paper shows that small firms tend to have lower agency costs than large firms when the CEO also acts as chairperson of the board. Direct evidence on the relationship between hoard structure and agency costs is provided: the findings have important implications to shareholders and policy makers

Effects of temperature and humidity on immature development of Lygus pratensis (L.) (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Bing Liu,Hai-Qiang Li,Hao-Bing Li,Jian Liu,Yi-Zhong Yang,Yan-Hui Lu,Abid Ali 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

Lygus pratensis distributes worldwide and is one of the common insect pests on cotton in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the largest cotton growing region of China. This study assessed the effects of six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) at 60% relative humidity (RH) on egg and nymphal development of L. pratensis. Eggs failed to hatch and the newly-hatched nymphs could not normally develop at 10 °C. The developmental duration of egg and nymph decreased as temperature increased from 15 to 30 except 35 °C for egg. Based on the linear model, the lower developmental threshold and effective accumulated temperature were 10.68 °C and 150.2 DD for egg, and 12.08 °C and 208.3 DD for nymph, respectively. Among three non-linear models (Briere-1, Logan-6 and Lactin), Logan-6 provided the most accurate estimate for the mean optimum and lethal maximum temperatures (33.6 and 40.9 °C for egg, and 34.0 and 37.4 °C for nymphs). The interactive effects of three RH levels (45, 60 and 75%) and two temperatures (25 and 35 °C) on the immature developmental stages were tested. Temperature, RH and their interaction showed significant effects on egg and nymphal development. High relative humidity (75% RH) shortened the developmental duration of egg at 25 °C and nymph at 25 and 35 °C,whereas no significant difference was found for egg duration between different RH levels at 35 °C. The present study is useful for further predicting the phenology of L. pratensis and developing forecast and management strategies for this emerging mirid bug in China.

Testing for diffusion in a discretely observed semimartingale

Bing-Yi Jing, Zhi Liu,Xin-Bing Kong 한국통계학회 2010 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.39 No.3

Using pth power variation, we propose a nonparametric method to test whether a continuous diffusion is present in a semimartingale. Under the discrete observation of high frequency data, the test statistic converges to a known constant if a diffusion is present,otherwise it tends to another number. The test procedure is valid for all Itô semimartingales and does not depend on the law of a process or the coefficients of a semimartingale. We also implement the test on simulation and real asset return data.

An Elastic Modulus Developing Model of Fly Ash Concrete under Sustained Load

Si-yi Jia,Ming-hui Liu,Bing Han,Hui-bing Xie 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7

This paper focuses on the developing rule of elastic modulus of Fly Ash Concrete (FAC) under sustained load. Mechanism of theaction of sustained load on concrete is discussed and a new model for the elastic modulus of FAC is constructed based on the TriplephaseSpherical Model (TSM). An experiment with three concrete mix designs and five testing groups were conducted. Theexperimental compressive strength and elastic modulus at six different ages were used to calibrate the parameters in the model. Influences of two important parameters (loading age and loading level) in the model were analyzed. Test data confirmed the fact thatelastic modulus for the loaded concrete have a small increment compared to the non-loaded, which is more evident for youngerconcrete, and calculation results showed that the newly constructed model can well predict the elastic modulus of concrete undersustained load. Besides, compared to the loading age, the loading level was proved to be a more important factor in deciding thedevelopment rule of elastic modulus for the loaded concrete.

가부장적 리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 순응형 팔로워십의 매개효과를 중심으로

호일빙(Yi Bing Hu),김현정(Hyun Jeong Kim),이사름(SaReum Lee) 피터드러커 소사이어티 2018 창조와 혁신 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구에서는 가부장적 리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 영향과 이들의 관계에서 순응형 팔로워십의 매개역할에 대한 실증연구를 수행하였다. 중국 강소성에 위치한 중소기업 직원 222명의 직원을 대상으로 실시되었으며, 위계적 다중 회귀분석을 사용하여 가부장적 리더십과 직무만족의 관계에서 순응형 팔로워십의 매개역할을 증명하였다. 중국 중소기업의 가부장적 리더십은 직무만족과 순응형 팔로워십에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 순응형 팔로워십 역시 직무만족에 정 (+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 순응형 팔로워십은 가부장적 리더십과 직무 만족 간에 부분매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 가부장적 리더십이 순응형 팔로워십을 매개로 직무만족에 영향을 주는 연구모델을 제시하였다는 이론적 시사점이 있다. 또한 조직 내 가부장적 리더와 순응적 팔로워의 역학관계를 통하여 기존의 전통적 리더십을 대체하거나 보완할 수 있는 리더십으로 가부장적 리더십을 제안하고자 한다. This article indicates how paternalistic leadership effects on job satisfaction. Using a sample of 222 employees employed by a Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Jiangsu Province, China, we examined whether conformist followership mediated the effects of paternalistic leadership on job satisfaction. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that paternalistic leadership was positively related to job satisfaction and conformist followership. The relation between paternalistic leadership and job satisfaction was mediated by conformist followership. Implications for research and practice of our findings are discussed.

Values of Three Different Preoperative Regimens in Comprehensive Treatment For Young Patients with Stage Ib2 Cervical Cancer

Zhao, Yi-Bing,Wang, Jin-Hua,Chen, Xiao-Xiang,Wu, Yu-Zhong,Wu, Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and intracavity brachytherapy in comprehensive treatment for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer. Methods: One hundred and twelve young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer were enrolled retrospectively in our hospital from January 2003 to June 2005. They were categorized into three groups according to preoperative regimens, including the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (Group 1, n=38), the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Group 2, n=49), and the intracavity brachytherapy group (Group 3, n=25). Radical hysterectomy was performed following these regimens. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given according to pelvic lymph node metastasis, deep cervical stromal invasion, intravascular cancer emboli, histological grading, vaginal stump and positive surgical margin. Results: The cancer disappearance and superficial muscle invasion rates were statistically significantly better in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group than in the other two groups (P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was noted in the deep muscle invasion rate, surgical time and intraoperative blood loss among three groups, but significantly more postoperative complications occurred in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group. The 2-year pelvic recurrence was statistically significantly lower in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group compared to other two groups, while the 5-year survival was higher. Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is efficacious for young patients with stage Ib2 cervical cancer.

Structure of PVA/gelatin hydrogel beads and adsorption mechanism for advanced Pb(II) removal

Bing Hui,Yi Zhang,Lin Ye 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/gelatin hydrogel beads were prepared for Pb2+ removal. The loose network structure formed at high dosage of gelatin resulted in increasing permeability and Pb2+ adsorption capacity. High content of Pb2+ was adsorbed on the surface of hydrogel, which dense structure could hinder Pb2+ to internal diffusion. The Pb2+ adsorption was rapid and spontaneous, and favorable at high temperature and Pb2+ concentration; Langmuir isotherm fits well with the experimental data, indicating homogeneous nature of monolayer adsorption of Pb2+; the adsorption process belonged to the secondorder kinetic model, indicating chemical adsorption with ion-exchange mechanism. Good reusability of the hydrogel was achieved.

Commercial Simulation Technology Enables Wideband-CDMA Research and Development

Yi Yuan Chen,Bing Lin,Xiao Jing Lu,Min Ying Sun,Faul Washkewicz,Wei Jun Zhu 대한전자공학회 1998 CDMA International Conference and Exhibition Vol.- No.-

Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Fibroblast (FB) Seeded Biodegradable Scaffold for Rabbit Penile Girth Enlargement

( Yi Guang Wu ),( Zhe Jin ),( Zhong Cheng Xin ),( Wei Dong Song ),( Jing Peng ),( Zhi Chao Zhang ),( Bing Gao ),( Ze Long Kim ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2007 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.4 No.4

The purpose of this experiment is to construct an in vitro model of rabbit penis enlargement using tissue engineering method, and to investigate the efficacy and safety of autologous fibroblast cell seeded to biodegradable scaffold and also to provide a new perspective of clinical application. We observed the growth of GFP transgenic fibroblast cell from SD mouse after transplantation with the biodegradable scaffold by fluorescence microscope. At the second hand, 160 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups; Group A for control; Group B for acellular matrix implanted; Group C for scaffold implanted only; Group D for autologous cultured fibroblast seeded scaffold. Rabbit scrotal skin (4×4 mm) was detached under general anesthesia, and fibroblast (FB) was cultured and proliferated for 2weeks. Cultured cells were seeded into the scaffold and inserted on the between buck`s and dartos fascia of rabbit penis. To assess the efficacy and safety of the cells, we observed for 4months. The FB of rabbit were successfully cultured and confirmed by immunohistochemistry method. In the results of group D, dermal cell seeding group, the penile girth was significantly increased to 22.3% compared to other groups (Group A 0.3%, Group B 12.7%, Group C 14.6% and Group D 22.3%). We checked the results in 2~4 months later. We observed that moderate penile girth increase was gained using the biodegradable scaffold without other side-effects. Therefore, we carefully suggest a new guidance for penile augmentation by the tissue engineering method.

Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation Combined with Biofeedback Therapy in Patients with Functional Constipation

( Bing Yan Gong ),( Hong Mei Ma ),( Xiao Ying Zang ),( Si Yuan Wang ),( Yi Zhang ),( Nan Jiang ),( Xi Peng Zhang ),( Yue Zhao ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.3

Background/Aims A large number of studies have shown that function constipation (FC) has an extremely high incidence of mental and psychological disorders. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) was applied to the treatment of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. We explored the effects of CES combined with biofeedback therapy (BFT) on the psychological state, clinical symptoms, and anorectal function in patients with FC. Methods A total of 74 patients with FC were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group received BFT. CES combined with BFT was carried out in the experiment group. All patients were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and Wexner constipation score at baseline and the end of each course. Anorectal manometry and balloon expulsion tests were performed before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the participants in the experiment group had significantly lower score SAS, SDS, and Wexner constipation scores than the control group (all P < 0.05). The number of successful expulsion in the experiment group was larger than the control group (P = 0.016). Conclusions CES combined with BFT was effective in improving the psychological status of anxiety, depression, and bowel symptoms in patients with FC. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:497-508)