Microstructure and High Temperature Oxidation Property of Fe-Cr-B Based Metal/Ceramic Composite Manufactured by Powder Injection Molding Process

Yeun‑Ah Joo,Young‑Kyun Kim,윤태식,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.2

This study investigated the microstructure and high temperature oxidation property of Fe–Cr–B metal/ceramic compositemanufactured using powder injection molding process. Observations of initial microstructure showed a unique structurewhere α-Fe and (Cr, Fe)2B form a continuous three-dimensional network. High temperature oxidation tests were performedat 900, 1000 and 1100 °C, for 24 h, and the oxidation weight gain according to each temperature condition was 0.13, 0.84and 6.4 mg/cm2, respectively. The oxidation results according to time at 900 and 1000 °C conditions represented paraboliccurves, and at 1100 °C condition formed a rectilinear curve. Observation and phase analysis results of the oxides identifiedCr2O3and SiO2at 900 and 1000 °C. In addition to Cr2O3and SiO2,CrBO3and FeCr2O4formed due to phase decompositionof boride were identified at 1100 °C. Based on the findings above, this study suggested the high temperature oxidationmechanism of Fe–Cr–B metal/ceramic composite manufactured using powder injection molding, and the possibility of itsapplication as a high temperature component material was also discussed.

대동맥 협착증과 동반된 출혈성 위장관 동정맥 기형에서 Estrogen-Progesterone 치료 1예

김도연,김화정,김효정,남준식,박수영,박영미,신정은,주미순,황민규,정혜경,손혜영,이선영,이한주 大韓消化器內視鏡學會 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.부록2

갑상샘암 수술환자의 심리 및 신체적 불편감에 미치는 정보교육 프로그램 효과

이양희,정영,박연주,최길순,정지연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 정보교육 프로그램이 갑상샘암 수술 환자의 심리 및 신체적 불편감 감소에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 실시된 비동등성 대조군 전,후 시차 설계의 유사 실험연구이다. 자료수집 기간은 2006년 6월 17일 부터 9월 19일 까지 3개월간 이었으며, 연구 대상자는 일개 종합병원에 갑상샘암 수술을 받기위해 입원한 환자 가운데 6월 17일 부터 8월 3일 까지 입원환자 29명을 대조군으로 하였고, 8월 5일 부터 9월 19일 까지 입원환자 30명을 실험군으로 하였다. 연구도구는 심리적 불편감을 측정하기 위해 Derogatis 등(14)이 개발한 ‘자기보고식 다차원 증상목록(Multidimensional Symptom Inven- tory)검사를 사용하였고, 신체적 불편감 측정은 McCorkle & Young(16)이 개발한 도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다; 1) 정보교육 프로그램을 받은 실험군은 정보교육 프로그램을 받지 않은 대조군에 비해 심리적 불편감 정도의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p= .135). 다만 ‘근심 걱정’요인에서 유의한 불편감 감소효과를 보였다(p= 0.49) . 2) 정보교육 프로그램을 받은 실험군과 정보교육 프로그램을 받지 않은 대조군은 두군 모두 신체적 불편감 정도가 사후 유의한 수준으로 증가함을 보였다(p= 0.90). 결론적으로 본 연구를 위해 만들어진 정보교육 프로그램은 갑상샘암 수술 환자의 신체적 불편감 감소에는 효과적이지 못하였으나 심리적 불편감의 근심걱정 요인을 감소시키는데는 효과가 있음을 알게 되었다. Objectives: This study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pre and post-test quasi-experimental study to examine the effects of education program using information on the psychological and physical discomfort of patients undergoing operation for cancerous thyroid glands. Methods: The study covered for three months from June 17, 2006 to September 19, 2006. The subjects of this study were selected from those patients who were admitted in one of the general hospitals in order to receive the operation for cancerous thyroid glands. They include 29 control group patients who were hospitalized during the period of Jun 17th to August 3rd 2006, and 31 experimental group patients who were hospitalized during the period of August 5th to September 19th, 2006, respectively. The instruments utilized for conducting this study includes the Multidimensional Self-Report Symptom Inventory test originally developed by Derogatis & et al. (1983) for measuring psychological discomfort. And for measuring physical discomfort, the tools developed by McCorkle & Young (1978) was utilized. Results: 1) Hypothesis 1 “The level of psychological discomfort of the experimental group who completed the information education program would be decreased comparing with that of the control group who didn't complete the program” was partly supported (Worry & Anxiety factor: p= .049). 2) Hypothesis 2 “The level of physical discomfort of the experimental group who completed the information education program would be reduced comparing with that of the control group who didn't complete the program” was not supported (p= -.90). Conclusion: The information program provided for this study was proved to be not effective for decrease physical discomfort of the patients undergoing operations for cancerous thyroid glands but proved to be effective for decrease the anxiety factor of psychological discomfort.

신설병원의 외부경영환경 평가에 관한 연구

김영훈,윤병준,신종연,조진만 서울보건대학 1995 서울보건대학 부설 병원경영연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate of external management environment in a newly-founded hospital. The purpose of this study was to investigate geographical populational environment and compare medical supply and demand, estimate medical service area and medical utilization, and be aware of consciousness of inhabitants. For this study, questionaires were sent to the 764 persons in Noweon-Gu, Only 133 cases that had utilized B hospital were available for our study. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, X^(2)-test and factor analysis using spss PC package program. Firstly, the result of comparing supply beds with demand beds, 177 beds were insufficient in Noweon-Gu. Secondly, as a standard of service area, the daily medical utilization was estimated 559 in-patients and 903 out-patients, as a standard of utilization per 100 beds for medical department, 437 in-patients and 896 out-patients were estimated, as a standard of utilization per specialist for medical department, 531 in-patients and 944 out-patients were estimated. Thirdly, when they select the hospital, main foctors to be considered were doctor's ability, kindness, sincerity, explanation and medical experience. As a result of X²-test, parking lot, wating time, explanation of doctors and guide map were statistically significant by sex(p<0.01, p<0.05), modernity of medical facilities and equipments, services for community and survey of requirement were statistically significant by educational level(p<0.01, p<0.05). As a result of factor analysis, eight factors had eigen values of over 1.0 and total explanation variance of eight factors were 68.1%.

의무행정과 교과과정 개발을 위한 선행연구

신종연,윤병준,김영훈 서울保健大學 1993 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

This study was carried out to develope the educational program of medical administration department, Seoul Health Junior College. For this study, educational subjects were derived from the job division analysis of a hospital(1200 beds teaching hospital). Questionaires were sent to the 150 numbers of graduates who finished the course of the above department from 1983 to 1992, and who are now employed in hospitals. Also other questionairs were sent to the chiefs of medical record, medical insurance, and hospital affairs departments in 120 numbers of teaching hospitals accredited by Ministry of Health & Social Affairs. The answers from 109 graduates and 86 department chiefs have been actually surveyded. 1. General characteristics It was found that female respondents were 77%, the respondents under 30 years of age were 81.6%, and 67.9% of the 109 respondents were employed in hospitals with over 300 bed capacity. The largest number of respondent(34.9%) were employed in the hospitals run by educational foundations, the smallest numbers(10.1%) were in national & public hospitals. The classification by the working period showed that the workers under two years of period had the higest rate(40.4%) and the workers over 6 years of period had the second rate(27.5%) Their major working fields in the hospitals were the departments of medical record(32.1%), hospital affairs(27.5%), and medical insurance (21.1%), respectively. 2. Degree of job difficulty When the difficulties of the job performed by the respondents were categorized into difficulty, moderate, easy, the proportion of the moderate job in which more respondents were actually working was found to be much larger that of moderate job classified by job analysis. Job difficulties classified by working fields were not statistically significant. 3. The utilization of professional knowledge 68.8% of respondents think that their professional knowledge is practically utilized. The utilization of professional knowledge classified by difficulty of job, the more difficulty the job is, the more utilized the professional knowledge is. The utilization of professional knowledge by working period, it is statistically significant for the respondents of over 5 years of period compared with those of under 5 years of period. 4. The satisfaction with professional knowledge When the utilization of and the satisfaction with their professional knowledge were compared, their patterns(the percentage of respondent) appeared to be almost the same in bed capacity, working-fields, degree of job difficulty, the duration of work period, but the satisfaction was considered to be lower than utilization in all above variables. 5. Subjects of study needed in fields Professional knowledge in medical terminology, practicum of medical insurance, and ICD coding were necessary in carrying out their works. Also graduates wanted to study more about practicum of medical insurance, computer science, and clinical pharmacology respectively. The graduates in hospitals wanted to study more about the subjects such as hospital planning, hospital marketing, employer & labor relations, purchasing management, but these subjects are excluded from the curriculum of medical administration department as a single subject. 6. Training & QJT after graduation 60.6% of respondents had the intensive training to make themselves familiar with the professional work after graduation. Computer fields commomly required more training(40.9%) and the training period was usually 2~3 months(46.9%). 36.7% of the surveyed graduates were job-trained and the larger the bed capacity was, the more OJT was given. The subjects most frequently studied in OJT were firstly the reimbursement of medical insurance and secondly computer science. The effect of OJT is positive in recognition of facts and rules, in behavior changes, in cost reduction and improving job practice. 7. Continuing education Korea air and correspondence university was preferred in order to continue education but this educational experience was not much useful for their professional jobs in general. So the need of continuing education in connection with their practical jobs was very high(74.8%) and 76.2% of surveyed graduates intend to participate in program if the above continuing education program is provided in the junior college. 8. Evaluation of hospital practicum The effect of hospital practicum in college according to the graduates' opinion was moderate degree and the first negative reason against hospital practicum was the unfaithful behavior of the hospital personnels toward the students. 44.2% of department chiefs in hospitals think that practicum period(3~4weeks) was not adequate. 23.2% of chiefs think that the practicum season(summer vacation) was not adequate, because they are very busy due to the summer vacation of hospital personnels and the increase of hospital patients. So they don't have enough time to teach students in that season. 82.6% of chiefs gave job orientation to students and 71% of them trained the students according to systemic teaching schedule including all the aspects of works of departments and only 58.1% checked the reports submitted by students at the end of their practicum. 9. Extending of hospital practicum period The opinion about extension of hospital practicum period to 2∼3 months was recognized positively by 47.7% of departments chiefs. The reasons for the extension were that hospitals should have enough time for their educational responsibility and through their adequately long training course can choose the capable personnel. The preliminary requirement for the extension of hospital practicum period are the development of practicum programs and evaluation devices, the consideration of hospital top manager about the educational function of practicum, and the question of practicum fee. 10. The systems of promoting the efficiency of hospital practicum suggested by department chiefs were: 1) to change the 2 year course of the medical administration department into the 3 year course, and make the hospital practicum of the last term an obligation. 2) to give the credits of hospital practicum in current educational system. 3) to extend the current practicum period. 4) to consider the internship in the certain hospitals after graduation. As a result of the study, the educational program of medical administation department should be devised to promote the followings: 1. In order to meet the satisfaction of professional knowledge, quantitative & qualitative chance for studying the subjects necessary for practical job should be strengthened. 2. In the revision of the curriculum, the inclusion of the subjects the respondents want to study as a single subject should be considered. 3. In order to promote the efficient continuing education for the graduates, the chance of education program for further study should be provided in junior college. 4. The actual problems arising in the current hospital practicum should be recognized, the alternative improvement should be sought. 5. In stead of depending upon the partial changes of curriculum, the total educational program should be reformed to get rid of current problems and forecast the future need.

한국인 모발과 내부장기조직간 Cd, Hg, Pb 및 Zn함량의 상호관련성

유영찬,이상기,양자열,김기욱,이수연,정규혁 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

In order to study the relationships between trace element concentrations of hair and internal organs, autopsy samples of hair, liver, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum, testis and bone from 162 Korean subjects were analyzed for Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. High significant positive correlations were found between the Cd concentration in hair and bone and Pb in hair and lung. Hair Hg levels were highly significantly correlated with organ Hg levels in the liver, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum, testis and bone. And hair Zn levels were highly significantly correlated with organ Zn levels in the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, spleen, testis and bone.

mGA를 이용한 웨이블렛 퍼지 모델링

유진영,이연우,주영훈 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2002 공업기술연구 Vol.2 No.-

In this paper, we propose a new approach to Wavelet Fuzzy Modeling using messy genetic algorithm(mGA). mGA has more effective and adaptive structure than sGA with respect to using the changeable-length string. We build a fuzzy system model which is equivalent to the wavelet transform after identifying the coefficients of wavelet transform. We can obtain an accurate system model with a small number of coefficients due to the energy compaction property of the wavelet transform. And it means that we can construct a fuzzy system model with a small number of rules. By the conventional fuzzy modeling method, a problem might arise that a function with abrupt changes can hardly be modeled precisely. Hence, we present a solution to this problem by the advantageous property of the wavelet transform. We demonstrate the superiority of our proposed fuzzy system modeling method over the previous results by modeling a highly nonlinear function.

일본의 노인종합복지관 성공사례의 환경지원성 분석 연구

이연숙,이소영,여욱현,장미선 한국의료복지시설학회 2007 의료·복지 건축 Vol.13 No.1

According to the 2005 Korean census, the 65 and over population now exceeds 9.5% of the total population and is growing rapidly. Meeting elderly environment and care needs of this rapidly growing segment of the population becomes a major challenge for public policies and planners. Since great deal amount of elderly will reside in their houses, aging in place concept becomes important. For the success of aging in place, the quality of individual house unit, community support systems, and/or quality of senior center of the community are crucial. Since elderl environments and facilities serve not only medical and/or care programs but also social activity program in aging society, senior centers need to promote social activities and other care programs. The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of environmental affordance of a well received senior center in Tokyo, Japan. In order to analyze the characteristics, Murtha & Lee user benefit criteria and Lawton's environmental affordance approaches were used. As results, design characteristics and interior elements which provide environmental affordance were enumerated by type of space. Based on needs and user benefit criteria, those features were analyzed. This study shows design characteristics, elements, and attributes which are well received and utilized by elderl users.

지체장애인의 자립도와 자립생활을 위한 서비스 지원에 관한 연구

남연희,김영삼 한국장애인재활협회 2005 재활복지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 사회복지서비스의 제공에 있어 장애인의 '주도적 참여'가 보장되어야 한다는 이념이자 실천 전략인 자립생활운동 통해 지체장애인의 자립생활을 위한 사회복지 서비스 지원방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하고자 전라북도 5개 시·군 지역에 거주하는 183명의 지체장애인을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 본연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자립생활 지원을 위하여 교육의 기회를 넓히고, 직업을 통해 안정적 수입이 보장될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 장애인 중심, 소비자 주권이 실현된 이용자중심의 서비스로의 전환되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 사회적 자립도가 자립도 중에서 가장 낮은 결과와 자립도와 서비스 지원간의 상관관계가 자조집단이 높은 것을 통하여 동료상담 서비스와 자조집단 서비스를 강화해야 할 것이다. 넷째, 가장 필요한 서비스와 국가나 사회에 요구하는 서비스. 자립생활을 위한 서비스로 경제적 지원라고 응답한 결과를 통하여 장애인의 기본적인 생존권을 확보하고, 선택권 행사를 위해 장애인 연금제도가 시행되어야 할 것이다. 끝으로 본 연구대상자들은 지역적인 한계로 인해 자립생활운동의 선이해가 절대적으로 부족하였고, 자립 패러다임으로 전환하지 못하고 재활 패러다임에 머물러 있었다. 따라서 자립생활 운동에 대한 전국적인 홍보와 교육 및 실천현장의 변화가 이루어져야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to suggest the independent living for physically disabled person. This study also was to provide a fundamental framework in disabled person welfare policy. For this purpose, We surveyed 183 physically disabled person around Jeonbuk area. The results of this were as follows; First, It is necessary to provide income with vocational rehabilitation, education. Second, It is necessary to convert consumer service for the disabled person. Third, It need to be reinforced peer counseling for the independent living. Forth, It is necessary to increase of the allowance and establish disabled people-pension for the existence right. Finally, It is necessary to increase of the independent living movement, Additionally, I·L education programs should be established.

대학생의 쇼핑성향에 따른 백화점 의복 판매원의 평가 속성

김혜영,박하나,유연옥,이지혜,박혜선 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 自然科學論文集 Vol.15 No.1