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鄭暎錫,李龍鉉,程伊基 한국해양대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學論叢 Vol.12 No.1
Maritime lien means a statutory security right with a priority to any other right to vessel and its adjuncts which admits a person having a specific maritime claim to be paid before any other creditors. maritime lien with a priority nat having a public notice may damage to the other creditors. And the ship's arrest for the enforcement of maritime lien may atop the ship's operation. So adjustment of the interest between the person concerned is requested. Maritime lien's recognition was found in the theory of procedural, personification, Conflict, and now in the special circumstances of the maritime corp., limitation of the ship owner's liability, public policy, causam pignoris facere etc. I will suggest some proposals to improve this subject in this paper.
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Investigation of Goats' Milk Adulteration with Cows' Milk by PCR
Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Chen, Su-Der,Weng, Ching-Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.10
Goats' milk adulteration with cows' milk is becoming a big problem. In the past, the urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay with different motility of ${\alpha}S1$-casein has been applied for the identification of cows' milk adulteration. The detection sensitivity is 1.0%. The aim of this study was to develop a faster and more sensitive method to detect cows' milk which may be present in adulterated goats' milk and goats' milk powder. The published primer was targeted at highly conserved regions in bovine mitochondrial DNA (a 271 bp amplicon). This amplicon was cloned and sequenced to further confirm bovine specific sequence. The chelex-100 was used to separate bovine somatic cells from goats' milk or goats' milk powder samples. Random sampling of different brands of goats' milk powder and tablets from various regions of Taiwan showed the adulterated rate was 20 out of 80 (25%) in goats' milk powders and 12 out of 24 (50%) in goats' milk tablets. With this system, as low as 0.1% cows' milk or cows' milk powder in goat milk or goat milk powder could be identified. This chelex DNA isolation approach provides a fast, highly reproducible and sensitive method for detecting the adulteration of goats' milk products.
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Effect of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> on the Function of Peritoneal Macrophage from Mule Duck
Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Shen, Tian-Fuh,Pang, Victor Fei,Chen, Bao-Ji Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.3
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) alone or mixed function oxidase (MFO)-activated $AFB_1$ on various functions of mule duck peritoneal macrophages. Duck peritoneal macrophages were incubated with $AFB_1$ 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and $100 {\mu}g/ml$ for 12 h. The cell viability significantly declined as the concentration of $AFB_1$ increased and more obviously detrimental effects was noticed in MFO-metabolized $AFB_1$ treatments. Either in opsonized or unopsonized Candida albicans, phagocytotic ability of macrophages was decreased with the elevation of the concentration of $AFB_1$. Significantly higher levels of macrophages were damaged in MFO-metabolized $AFB_1$ than $AFB_1$ alone in concentrations above $20{\mu}g/ml$. The cytotoxicity activity was in the range of 41 to 33% after exposure to $AFB_1$ 5 to $100{\mu}g/ml$, and a significant higher TNF-like substance secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was obtained. When LPS was present in the medium, the percentage of cytotoxicity was higher than all treatments of $AFB_1$ both with and without MFO-activation in the absence of LPS. The results suggest that MFO-metabolized $AFB_1$ can alter cell viability and morphology of duck macrophages more than $AFB_1$ administered alone. Both with and without MFOactivation, $AFB_1$ has detrimental effects on phagocytotic ability and TNF-like substance secretion, increasing with level of $AFB_1$.
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Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Shen, Tian-Fuh,Chen, Bao-Ji Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.11
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) on the ultracellular morphology alteration, apoptosis induction and reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates production of peritoneal macrophages (DPM) from mule ducks. The ducklings were purchased from a commercial hatchery, and were fed a corn-soybean based diet. As the ducklings were grown up to 3 wk of age, the Sephadex-elicited peritoneal exudative cells (PEC) were used as the source for duck peritoneal macrophages. The ultracellular morphology study showed that significant number of cells shifted from category I (normal cell with ruffled membrane) and II (cell membrane blebbing) to category III (cell membrane blebbing and even rupture) after DPM were incubated with $AFB_1$ ($20{\mu}g/ml$) for 12 to 48 h. When DPM were exposed to $AFB_1$ in vitro, the production of NO, $H_2O_2$ and $O_2{^-}$ in macrophages was reduced after 12-48 h incubation with previous LPS stimulation. There was a DNA laddering pattern observed in DPM incubated with $AFB_1$ 5, 10, 20, 50 or $100{\mu}g/ml$ for 12 h. Evidence also revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased along with the elevation of $AFB_1$ concentration. The results suggest that $AFB_1$ exposure causes duck macrophages going on apoptotic pathway through evidence of ultracellular morphology alteration and DNA laddering in agarose electrophoresis. The production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates of duck macrophages also depressed after $AFB_1$ exposure, and this implied that $AFB_1$ could cause deteriorated functions of bacteriocidal and tumoricidal activity in duck macrophages.
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Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Lee, Der-Nan,Wen, Chiu-Ming,Weng, Ching-Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.8
Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production. This experiment was carried out to test the effect of $\beta$-glucan supplementation on the growth performance and immune response in broilers. Total of 160 day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups fed corn-soybean diets containing 0, 0.012, 0.025 or 0.05% of $\beta$-glucan supplement in a 6 week feeding experiment. Growth performance, antibody titer against New Castle vaccine, lymphocyte blastogensis, and peritoneal macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers were evaluated. Results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatments, and no differences in antibody titer was observed. Supplementation of $\beta$-glucan did not elevate the lymphocyte blastogensis among treatments, following stimulation with different mitogens. However, supplementation with 0.025 and 0.05% $\beta$-glucan enhanced the macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers. These results suggest that $\beta$-glucan may enhance some cell-mediated immune responses of chickens by modulate macrophages ability.
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Prevalence of Fumonisin Contamination in Corn and Corn-based Feeds in Taiwan
Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Wu, Jih-Fang,Lee, Der-Nan,Yang, Che-Ming J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.4
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fumonisin contamination in corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan. A total of 233 samples was collected from 8 feed mill factories located in four different regions in Taiwan. The presence of fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) and $B_2$ ($FB_2$) was determined by thin layer chromatograph, while the total fumonisin content was determined using immuno-affinity column cleanup and fluorometer quantitation. Our results showed that 55 samples of swine feeds had the highest percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ (41.8% and 41.8%, respectively), followed by 66 samples of duck feeds (40.9% and 37.8%). However, the percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ was much lower in 43 samples of broiler feeds (23.2% and 13.9%) and 69 samples of corn (17.3% and 10.1%). Corn and duck feeds were found to have a significant higher level of means of total fumonisins ($5.4{\pm}1.5$ and $5.8{\pm}0.6$ ppm, respectively) than swine feeds ($2.9{\pm}0.4$ ppm) and broiler feeds ($3.0{\pm}0.5$ ppm). Comparing fumonisins distribution in different regions, the highest percentage of $FB_1$ incidence (39.2%) was found in the eastern region of Taiwan, and total fumonisins level ($4.5{\pm}0.7$ ppm) was significantly higher than other regions. However, the highest percentage of $FB_2$ incidence (32.0%) was found in the central region of Taiwan. Trimonthly analysis of data showed that both high percentage of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ incidence (39.3% and 37.7%) and total concentration of fumonisin ($5.7{\pm}0.4$ ppm) were found in the period of Jan. to Mar., The incidence and concentration were significantly higher than other trimothly periods. These results indicate that fumonisin B mycotoxins are both widespread and persistent in feed-grade corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan.
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Organic Acid Extraction of Fluoride from Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba
( Cheng Liang Xie ),( Han Soo Kim ),( Kil Bo Shim ),( Yeon Kye Kim ),( Na Yeong Yoon ),( Poong Ho Kim ),( Ho Dong Yoon ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2012 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.15 No.3
The amount of fluoride removed from Antarctic krill via organic acid extraction depends on the extraction time, concentration, extraction volume, and the nature of the acid itself. The fluoride content in Euphausia superba was determined by measuring the concentration of fluoride ion in acidic extracts using an ion-selective electrode. The best results were obtained by adding 50mL of 0.01 M citric acid to 0.3-0.5 g of knIt and extracting for 5 mm. Under these conditions, recoveries of fluoride from frozen whole bill and krill meat were 95.6-99, 5% and 97.5-101.3%, respectively. The dry basis fluoride contents of krill by-product, krill meat and the boiled knill were 705, 298, and 575ppm, respectively. These levels were significantly reduced by citric acid extraction.
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SELF-ASSEMBLY OF SI NANO-STRUCTURES IN SF6/O2 PLASMA
CHENG YANG,SEUNG-HEON RYU,YEONG-DAE LIM,유원종 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.3
Self-assembled Si nano-structure arrays were formed in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor using SF6/O2 plasma at noncryogenic temperature. It was possible to form nano-pillar arrays of a mean diameter of ~ 100nm and a mean height up to 4.77 μm over areas >100 cm2. The self-assembly of the nano-structures was studied as a function of time, bias RF-power and O2/SF6 ratio. It was found that the nano-structure arrays could be formed only when O2/SF6 was in the range of 0.8 to 2.5. Two types of the self-assembled nano-structure arrays were formed at the different bias RF-power ranges: one was nano-hole arrays and the other was nano-pillar arrays. The hole-type nano-structure was formed when the bias power was low at ~10 W, while the pillar-type nano-structure was formed when the bias power increased to 30 W. It was also found that, the height of the nano-structure arrays increased with the onset of an etching time of 40s, but it decreased after excessively long etching time as the nano-structure arrays could no longer sustain themselves. The correlation between the formation of nano-structures and plasma properties was investigated using OES, XPS,AFM and SEM analyses. According to the analyses, sidewall passivation layers which were formed by the reaction of Si with F and O radicals generated from the SF6/O2 plasma were responsible for giving rise to various nanostructure arrays.
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