대중가요의 외래어 사용양상과 국어교육적 개선방안

강연임 ( Yeon Im Gang ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.38 No.4

이 논문은 대중가요의 노랫말에 나타나는 외래어 사용의 문제점을 살피고, 국어교육적 관점에서 개선방안을 모색한 것이다. 시대가 변하고, 그에 따라 문화와 가치관이 바뀌면서 언어사용 양상도 크게 달라지고 있다. 외국문화나 문물의 유입이 늘어난 만큼 언어의 차용이나 혼용현상도 더욱 빈번해지고 있다. 그러한 과정에서 외래어를 잘 받아들이는 문제도 중요하지만, 국어를 온전하게 활용하는 방안을 적극적으로 모색하는 일도 마땅히 수반되어야 한다. 그 일환으로 본 논문에서는 대중가요의 노랫말에 나타나는 외래어의 문제를 살피고 그 개선책을 모색해 보았다. 먼저 외래어가 단독으로 사용된 경우와 국어문장과 혼용된 경우로 나누어 노랫말의 실태를 살폈다. 그리고 표기 면에서는 국어표기와 원어표기로 나누어 고찰해 보았다. 대중가요 노랫말에 나타나는 국어사용상의 문제점은 국어와 외래어를 혼용하다 보니 국적불명의 어휘를 양산하거나 비문법적인 문장을 만들어내는 것이다. 또한 문장 안에서의 연어 관계도 허용범주를 넘어서는 일이 빈번하다. 대중가요의 노랫말에 나타난 외래어 사용의 문제점을 짚으면서 국어교육적 개선 방안을 모색해 보았다. 즉 어휘사용과 문장구성의 측면에서 개선 방안을 찾을 수 있다. 어휘선택에 있어서는 기본적인 표준어 교육의 중요성을, 문장구성에서는 국어문법에 맞는 문장구사의 필요성을 강조하였다. 이러한 교육이 수반될 때 대중가요 노랫말에 나오는 비문에 대해서도 올바른 언어관으로 수용할 수 있기 때문이다. <Abstract> A study on the Aspect of loanword and improvement of korean education in popular song Gang, Yeon-im This thesis is studied about the use aspect of foreign language in words to popular song. And with this foundation, it is looked at the method of right korean usage. As Times have changed and accordingly culture and values are changed, so usage aspect of language is different. many foreign culture and civilization is accepted, acceptance of language or borrowing, mixing use is various. In the process of these status, it is important to accept a foreign language well. But the right usage of korean is needed without fail. The main contents is summarized as follows. First, it is studied about a circumstances of foreign language in words of popular song. In a popular song, korean and foreign language is mixed. That type is divided into only use of foreign language and mixing use of korean sentences. In a case of simple word korean writing is not awkward, but in a case of clause or phrase korean writing is a little awkward. Second, it is studied about a problem of korean usage in words of popular song. As korean and foreign language is mixed, a words of unknown nationality or a sentence of non grammatical sentence are made. For the more, a collocational relation in a made sentence is got out of its permitted limit. And this problem have a bad effect to learn a right korean. Third, with this problem it is find in a view of korean education. Specially word using and sentence construction. Concretely in a word choice the use of standard language is most important. Even if it is transformed, the acceptance based on standard language is different from the case without standard language. So the education of standard language is made firstly for a right choice of word. In a consist of sentence, the education of sentence that fitted korean grammar is progressing. And within a right grammar, the ellipsis and transformation should be made. Even now a non grammatical sentence in a words of popular song could be accept.

e-Learning 환경에서 학생지원서비스에 대한 학습자의 중요도 인식과 만족도 간의 관계에 관한 연구 : the link between the perceived significance and student satisfaction

임연욱,강윤정 한국교육정보미디어학회 2004 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.10 No.1

e-Learning 환경에서의 학생지원서비스는 학습자들이 성공적인 학습 수행을 목표로 한다는 점에서 e-Learning 질 관리에 있어 중요한 비중을 차지하는 요인이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 재정적 제약 하에서 학생지원 서비스의 모든 영역에 충분한 투자가 이루어지기에는 현실적으로 어려움이 많아 이에 본 연구는, 문헌분석을 통해 학생지원서비스의 구성요소를 도출해 내고 이를 국내 6개 사이버대학교에 재학 중인 학생 120명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 학생지원서비스에 대한 학습자의 중요도 및 만족도의 인식을 분석하였고, 이를 바탕으로 학생지원서비스의 전략이행의 우선순위를 규명하고 성공적인 e-Learning을 운영하기 위한 학생지원서비스의 실행전략을 제시하였다. 연구결과, 학생지원서비스의 7개 모든 영역에서 중요도와 만족도 인식에 있어 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 취업지원과 재정지원 영역은 평균 차이가 가장 크게 나타난 영역으로 조사되었다. '중요도-만족도 매트릭스'를 실시한 결과 취업지원 영역이 우선적으로 집중 관리해야 할 학생지원서비스로 나타났으며, 항목별로는 보충·심화학습 자료 제공(학습지원), 학습 소프트웨어의 제공(기술지원), 진학정보 제공 및 취업·진학상담요청(취업지원) 등 네 가지 항목이 가장 우선적으로 관리해야 할 학생지원서비스로 조사되었다. Student support servim in e-learning m h t play an hportant role in quality control for the students SUtCeSSful academic achievement This study &!rives seven areas~components) of student support services in e-learning through the review of literam, and examines students pescepl;lon of the slgnificamx! ordeclg of the seven areas and their satisfactjon Ievd in each a m of student support services in a survey of 120 students at six on-line universities in Korea. Based on this result, the priorities among variaus types of student support services are set forth and their l r r p d m t i n g student support service areas show statistidy significant dfferetlce ween their strategies for sUCCeSSful e-learning are suggested According to the study, all of seven peroeptions of significance and satisfaction level in student support services. After perfurming slgnrficance-satisfaction matrix, we find that the area of job placement upport is in need of systematic improvmt. At the item level, high priorities are given to such itans as pmviding s u p p l m t rnaterial(1eaming suppznt), providing learning m h ( W & c a l support), and p~viding educational guidance & job mnsulting(iob placement sumnt).

Sprague Dawley 수컷 랏트에서 Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether의 경구 투여에 의한 급성 독성

임재언,양윤정,이태진,홍연표 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적: 본 연구는 BADGE의 경구 투여에 의한 급성 독성학적 연구를 수행하여 기존의 연구 결과를 확인하고 추후 내분비계 장애 연구에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 수컷 SD 랏트에 0, 1000, 2000, 4000과 8000 mg/kg/day의 BADGE와 DES 0.37 mg/kg/day의 농도를 단회 경구로 투여한 후 14일간 일반 증상 등을 관찰하였고 14일 후 부검하였다. 결과: BADGE를 투여한 모든 군에서 투여 후 3일째에 설사와 다른 일반 증상들이 관찰되었고 체중도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 8000 mg/kg/day의BADGE를 투여한 랏트에서 투여 후 3일째에 대조군에 비해 유의한 수준으로 체중이 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 일부 BADGE 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 심장(1000, 2000과 4000 mg/kg/day), 간(1000, 2000, 4000과 8000 mg/kg/day)과 전립샘(4000 mg/kg/day)의 무게의 감소가 관찰되었다. BADGE 투여군의 간(1000과 4000 mg/kg/day)과 전립샘(8000 mg/kg/day) 의 상대 무게가 대조군과 차이를 보였다. 고환을 제외한 모든 장기에서 조직학적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며 고환에서는 세 정관에서 정자세포의 감소가 관찰되었다. 고환과 부고환의 sperm head 수를 보면, 고환에서만 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 정자의 운동성과 기형은 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 혈장 에스트로겐과 테스토스테론 농도는 대조군과 모든 투여군 간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: BADGE를 랏트에 경구 투여 하였을 때 1000 mg/kg/day의 수준에서도 일반 독성 및 생식독성을 유발시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. Objectives: Bisphenol A Di Glycidyl Ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. The authors investigated the acute toxicity of BADGE. Methods: BADGE was administered by a gavage to 8 week old SPF Sprague Dawley rats in a single dose of 0 (negative control), 0.37 (Diethylstilbesterol, DES), 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg/day of BADGE. Each treatment group contained 7 rats. The general status and weight of the rats were observed for 14 days. The rats were anesthetized by ether at 14 days, and the changes in morphology, organ weight, sperm count and motility, and hormone level were measured. Results: All the rats treated with BADGE had diarrhea on the 1st day. The rats administered BADGE at 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg/day showed a soiled perineal region and soft stools with diarrhea until the 3rd day. The 8000 mg/kg/day BADGE rats had diarrhea for two days followed by emaciation, soiled fur, a soiled perineal region, staining around the mouth and were moribund for three to eight days. No weight gain was observed after the 1st day in the 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg/day BADGE rats and after the 7th day in all the treatment groups compared with the control groups. Some treatment groups were observed to have a decrease in the weight of the heart (BADGE 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg/day), liver (BADGE 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg/day) and prostate (BADGE 4000 mg/kg/day) compared with control group. The weight of the liver was significantly lower in all treatment groups compared with the control group. The relative weight of the liver (BADGE 1000 and 4000 mg/kg/day) was significant lower than the control. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, liver, thyroid, heart, spleen, kidney, lung and prostate. The number of spermatid in the seminiferous tubule in the testes was lower in all treatment groups than the control. The sperm motility tended to decrease with increasing concentration but the sperm count was similar in all treatment groups. The plasma Estrogen and testosterone level were similar in the control and treatment groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that BADGE induces general, hepatic and reproductive toxicity at 1000 mg/kg/day.

혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

난소 및 난소 종양 염전의 초음파 소견

오연희,이현경,이원재,이성우,박수성,윤혜원,임문환,심재철,김용탁,김성숙,김정란 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

Acute torsion of the ovary and ovarian mass is a recognized surgical emergency, but rarely has the diagnosis been made preoperatively on the basis of imaging studies. The sonographic findings in 14 cases of surgically proven torsion of the ovary and ovarian mass are described. Mostly cystic ovarian mass, engorged vessel, dilated uterine tube, beak-like echo(torsion site), smooth mass wall thickening an free-fluid collection in cul-de-sac are described. More significant in terms of specificity were the demonstration in 6 cases(42.9%) of the smooth mass wall thickening and in 8 cases(57.1%) of a free fluid in the cul-de-sac. We report the sonographic findings of ovary and ovarian mass torsion that may suggest the preoperative diagnosis of this condition.

일부 한국인의 혈중 Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)

장임원,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.1

The blood polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were measured by a capillary gas chromatography(Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) in 24 females and 53 males Korean aged 10 to 76 years old with on known expousre to PCBs. There were 10 isomers of PCBs. The blood PCBs showed lower than 3.5 ppb which 1.04±0.53 ppb in female and 1.04±0.59 ppb in male, respectively, and left skewed log-normally distribution.

고등학교 핸드볼 공격전담선수와 수비전담선수의 체력특성에 관한 연구

박인기,임연득 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to suggest the direction of optimal training program and field test processing in handball players, Subjects were consisted of high school handball plyers(offence 10 and defence 10 players), and this study was evaluated the physical fitness, heart rate and blood lactate response to dribble, shooting and fast break in handball. Statistical analysis was performed the comparison between middle school group and high school group, and the correlationship among test items. The result were as follow : Physical fitness of offence group showed a significant higher than defence group. But sit-ups, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory function showed no significant differences between two groups. In field testing, the records of dribble running and fast break in offence group showed a faster than defence group, but total record and shooting duration showed no significant differences between two groups. During field testing of dribble running, shooting, and fast break, heart rate of defence group showed a significant higher than offence group. but blood lactate concentration of offence group showed a significant higher than defence group. In this results, offence group showed the higher cardiorespiratory function and the activation of defence group. The records of dribble running, shooting duration and fast break in field testing were significantly correlated to standing vertical jump and back muscular strength, so it could be suggested the capability of field testing for the evaluation of strength and power in handball.

반복성 단늑골 다지 증후군 1예

방성윤,최규연,박은희,강미경,김미경,이정재,이임순 순천향의학연구소 2005 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.11 No.1

Short-rib polydactyly syndromes(SRPS) comprise a group of rare, generally lethal skeletal dysplasias. This group is manifested by short-limb short stature, short ribs with thorasic hypoplasia, and polydactyly. This heterogenous group of recessively inherited disorder has distinct imaging findings and ancillary findings on both pre-and postnatal assessments may enable individual cases to be classified into one of four subtypes : SRPS Ⅰ(Saldino-Noonan); SRPS Ⅱ (Majewski); SRPS Ⅲ (Verma-Naumoff); and SRPS Ⅳ (Beemer-Langer)1,2,3). All forms of the SRPS described to date are thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. There are difficulties in the clssification of these disorders because of the frequent overlap. We experienced one case of recurrent short-rib polydactyly syndrome and presented with review of literature.

노인정신장애 평가척도(Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale)의 한국판 표준화 연구

조맹제,박임순,신영민,김무진,정희연,정은기,최용성,조성진,서국희,함봉진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 치매와 우울증을 다차원적으로 평가할 수 있는 도구인 Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS)의 한국판(PAS-K)을 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : 번역, 역번역, 그리고 세차례의 예비조사를 통하여 PAS-K를 제작하였다. 60세 이상의 노인 291명(임상환자군 : 58명, 지역사회노인군 : 168명, 수용시설 거주자 : 67명)과 그들의 정보제공자들을 대상으로 PAS-K, Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), 그리고 Hachinski Ischemic Score 를 적용하고, Diagnostic Interview chedule(DIS-Ⅲ-R)을 사용하여 치매와 우울증을 진단하였다. PAS-K의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하고, 예민도와 특이도, Kappa값, 그리고 ROC커브 분석법을 이용하여 PAS-K의 6개의 소척도들(피검자면접 : 인지기능 장애척도, 우울척도, 뇌졸중척도, 정보제공자면접 : 인지기능 저하척도, 행동변화척도, 뇌졸중척도)의 최적 절단점을 구하였다. 결 과 : PAS-K는 높은 내적 일관성을 보였고, 검사자간 신뢰도도 만족할 만한 수준이었다. PAS-K의 소척도들을 다른 표준화된 검사도구들과 비교하였을 때 인지기능 장애척도와 인지기능 저하척도는 MMSE-K와, 우울척도는 GDS 및 HRSD와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 뇌졸중척도는 Hachinski Ischemic Score와 통계적으로 의미있는 상관관계를 보였다. 최적절단점은 인지기능 장애척도 10점, 인지기능 저하척도 3점, 우울척도 5점, 피검자면접과 정보제공자 뇌졸중척도 모두 1점, 그리고 행동변화척도 2점으로 추정하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 PAS-K의 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증되었고, 노인정신의학 역학연구나 보건분야에서 치매와 우울증의 임상경과관찰 및 일차 선별도구로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있게 되었다. Objectives : This study was designed to develop the Korean version of the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale(PAS-K), a multidimensional screening tool for the dementia and depression. Methods : Through three times preliminary trials, the authors translated PAS into Korean. The PAS-K, Geriatric Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hachinski Ischemic Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version were administered to 291 subjects over the age of 60 and the same number of their informants(67 subjects were institutionalized, 168 subjects were in community, 58 subjects were psychiatric hospital patients). And the Diagnostic Interview Schedule(DSM-Ⅲ-R) was independently administered to exactly diagnose dementia and depression. The reliability and validity test, optimal cut-off point estimation for six each scale and ROC curve analyses were done to investigate the diagnostic validity of PAS-K. Results : Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the PAS-K were high. Concurrent validity of each scales of PAS-K was good in being measured with other standardized scales. The optimal cut-off points of each scale of the PAS-K were estimated as follows : 1) Stroke Scale of subject interview : 1, 2) Cognitive Impairment Scale of subject interview: 10, 3) Depression Scale of subject interview : 5, 4) Stroke Scale of informant interview : 1, 5) Cognitive Decline Scale of informant interview : 3, and 6) Behavioral Change Scale of informant : 2. conclusions : The PAS-K was valid and reliable screening tools for detecting dementia and depression. Therefore the PAS-K could be widely and extensively used in psychogeriatric epidemiological research or clinical setting of primary screening for dementia and depression.