Maschine kann Eigennamen und Zahlen besser übersetzen als Mensch? – Übersetzung von „Named Entities“ durch GNMT

Chung,Hye-Yeon 한국외국어교육학회 2017 한국외국어교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2017 No.-

Water-soluble Genistin Glycoside Isoflavones Upregulate Antioxidant Metallothionein Expression and Scavenge Free Radicals

Chung, Mi-Ja,Kang, Ah-Young,Jun, Hee-Jin,Kim Sang-Yeon,Moon, Tae-Hwa,Park, Kwan-Hwa,Lee, Sung-Joon 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

평양 첨성대의 서사구조와 연개소문의 탄생

정연식(Chung Yeon-sik) 한국역사연구회 2011 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.79

The "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" says that there were nine ponds(九池), nine shrines(九廟) and a Cheomseong-dae tower in Pyeong'yang, and also that nine 'luminaries(九曜)' flew into the aforementioned nine shrines. In ancient myths, water sources such as wells, ponds, fountains or swamps, combined with the essence of the stars or the sun, usually gave birth to greatly heroic figures. Such narrative structure can also be identified from the myths that chronicled the birth of progenitors -the founders- of several ancient political entities like Buyeo, Goguryeo, Silla and Gaya. The wells, ponds, fountains or swamps represented themselves in the form of females. They laid eggs after having a relationship with the sun or the stars, which displayed themselves as a male figure, and then, a great person was either hatched or born. The Na'jeong well, as well as the Cheomseong-dae tower, both in Gyeongju, feature stories that share the same narrative structure. Cheomseong-dae in the Pyeong'yang area seems to have been built in the 7th century, and the owner, or the 'protagonist manager' of the facility so to speak, seems to have been no other than Yeon'gae'so'mun, who was the de-facto ruler of Goguryeo at the time. It must have been built as a symbol -his dignified birth from a water source- that would show off the divinity of his power. In the year 2009, the remains of a heptagonal building were excavated near the site of the An'ag Palace. North Korean archaeologists are claiming it as another Cheomseong-dae tower of Goguryeo, but without further evidence, we cannot be sure.

Cystic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case of Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy

Dong Hae Chung,Jae Yeon Seok,Yoo Seung Chung1,Eun Mee Oh1,Jung Won Ryu1,Young Don Lee1 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1

On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.

양호겸직교사의 학교보건간호 업무활동에 관한 조사연구

정찬규,정연강 韓國學校保健學會 1989 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of school health nursing activities by surveying realities of school health nursing activities in schools lacking in a school nurse performed by teachers holding additional school health. The subjects fro the study was selected from teachers holding additional school health who participated un the annual training course for teachers holding additional school health in 1988 organized by Province Education Council. 105 teachers holding additional school health from Kyung-gi Province, 85 from Chung-buk province, 50 from Chun-buk Province , answered the questionnaire. The results can be epitomized as follows. 1. General characteristics of Teachers Holding Additional School Health. The majority of the subjects are female (94.3%) and 64.1% of the subjects are in their twenties, 79.5% of them graduated from four-year teacher's college, 54.5% of them are unmarried, 74.5% has less than one-year experience as a teacher holding additional school health. 2. General characteristics of schools 92.4% of schools are national, of public schools, and 91.9% are located in country, elementary schools are 64%, junior high schools are 35.4%. The annual school nursing budget is unknow to 89.2% of them. The school nursing organization is nonexistent to 85.6%, 82.4% of the school nursing clinics occupy their place solely, or jointly. 3. Status of School Health Nursing Activities In the questionnaire, School Health Activities are divided into Health Program planning and Evaluation (4 items), Clinic Management (4 items), Health Education (4 items), Management of School Environment (98 items), Operating of School Health Organization (1 item) and Health Care Service (25 items). The answers to each item measured by the Likert-type scale reveals that in the activities of teachers holding additional school health the practice rate in Management of School Environment is 55%, 47% in Health Education, 45% in Health Program Planning and Evaluation, 32% in Health Care Service, 27% in Operating of School Health Organization, and 27% in Clinic Management. 4. The Relation between Influencing variables and School Health Nursing Activities. (1) Health Program Planing and Evaluation : religion, marital status (P<0.05**) (2) Clinic Management : age, school health organization (P<0.05**) (3) Health Education : age (P<0.05**) , religion (P<0.05**), business except for school nursing (P<0.05**) from of operation (P<0.05**), the number of clinic client a month (P<0.05**). (4) Management of School Health Environment : age, martial status, business except for school nursing (P<0.05**), presence of the annual school health nursing budget (P<0.01*), school health organization (P<0.05**). (5) Operating of School Health Organization : There is a statistical significance in Education, Interest in School Nursing (P<0.05**). 5. The Regional Relationship of School Health Nursing Activity. There is statistically significant difference in Health Education (P<0.05**) and Health Care Service (P<0.01*) of elementary school located in Kyung-gi, Chung-buk, Chun-buk Province. There is statistically significant difference Health Program Planning and Evaluation of junior high Schools located in Kyung-gi, Chung-buk, Province (P<0.05**). 6. The Correlation in School Health Nursing Activities. The analysis of the correlation in the 6 fields of school Health Nursing Activities shows that there is a statistically significant difference between Clinic Management and health Education, Clinic Management and Operating of School Health Organization, and between management of School Environment and operating of School Health Organization (P<0.05**). The conclusions are as follows: The 40.5 percent of schools should arrange nurse teachers by regulation 38, relative to the application of the Law of Education. But, in reality, teachers who have nothing to do with nursing, hold school health as an additional job. And it is very difficult to except the qualititive health management of school faculty and students. In the 85.6 percent of schools, there is no organization for school health. And also, persons in charge of practical affairs perform the school health activity without any knowledge about annual school nursing budget. In the school health nursing activity of teachers holding additional school health, operating of school, health organization and clinic management are the most difficult to get the cooperation from the persons relate to school and communities. There are a lot of problems in performing the school health nursing activity without any disposition of school health teachers, therefore, it is necessary to supplement school health teachers who had a professional training in order to make efficient the school nursing management for children who are about attend a school.

美國憲法上의 基本權保障制度

鄭然喆 東義大學校 法學硏究所 1990 공공정책연구 Vol.6 No.-

Kiwi fruit(Actinidia Chinensis Planch)의 種子發芽에 미치는 溫度와 床土의 影響

丁蓮圭,陳英旭,梁元模 順天大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

KIWI FRUIT(Chinese gooseberry)의 種子 發芽試驗에 있어서, 溫度別, 床土別試驗結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 發芽率은 低溫區(15∼21℃)보다 高溫區(22∼28℃)에서 높았고 床土間에도 有意差가 있었으며 累積發芽率도 서로 다른 樣相을 보였다. 2. 發芽開始所要日數는 高溫區의 9.3日보다 低溫區가 21.7日로서 顯著히 길었으며 床土間에도 有意差가 認定되었다. 3. 高溫區의 第一本葉 出現開始所要日數는 23.7日, 第二本葉은 34.7日, 第三本葉은 모래+腐葉區에서만 40日째에 出現되었고 低溫區에서는 第一本葉이 30.7日이었으며 第二, 第三本葉은 出現되지 않았다. 4. 第一本葉에서 第二本葉 出現까지의 所要日數는 모래區에서 15日, 腐葉區에서 11日, 모래+腐葉區에서 7日이었다. 5. 最終本葉 出現數는 高溫區가 低溫區보다 많았으며 床土別로는 高溫區의 第一本葉및 第二本葉은 모래+腐葉區가 各各 85.3葉, 56葉으로서 가장 많았고 모래區가 各各 49.3葉, 4.7葉으로 가장 적었다. 低溫區의 第一本葉은 모래區가 25.3葉으로 가장 많았고 腐葉區가 8.7葉으로 가장 적었다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature and media on the seed germination of Kiwi Fruit. Germination temperature were controlled into two stages in growth chamber, low temperature (15∼21℃) and high temperature(22∼28℃). Three kinds of germination media that is sand, sand 50%+leafmold 50% and leafmold were used. Seeds of Kiwi Fruit, var "Hayward" were sowed on April, 21 in 1983. The results were summerised as follows: 1. The seed germination rate under high temperature treatment was higher than that of the low temperature, and the germination medias also made significant differences on the germination rate. Also, accumulated seed germination rates differred between the treatments. 2. Required time for the first germinating was 9.3 days in high temperature but 21.7 days in low temperature and the time requirement as to media was shorter in order of mention, leafmold, sand+leafmold and sand soil. 3. In high germination temperature, the first true leaf appeared at 23.7 days after sowing, the second did at 34.7 days and the third did at 40 days only in sand+leafmold germination media, however, in low temperature the first true leaf appeared at 30.7 days, but the second and the third did not appeared. 4. Required days from the first true leaf emergence to the second was shorter in oredr of mention, sand+leafmold, leafmold and sand soil. 5. True leaves finally emerged under high temperature was more than those under low temperature. And as for the variation in numbers among the germination media, the first leaves and the second leaves under high temperature were 85.3 leaves and 56.0 leaves(largest in number) in sand+leafmold media and 49.3 leaves and 4.7 leaves (smallest in number) in sand media. The first leaves under low temperature were 25.3 leaves(largest in number) in sand media and were 8.7 leaves (smallest in number) in leafmold media.

성폭력 피해여성의 경험에 관한 연구

정연강,권혜진,지순주,남선영,김경희 韓國學校保健學會 1996 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

This studies designed to work out a theoretical framework on the experience of sexual abuse from the perspective of grounded theory in an effort to provide more practical and efficient nursing intervention for female victims. The subcategories identified were "sexual abuse", "threatening", "absent mindness", "embarrassment", "horripilation", "dizziness", "wondrousness", "filthiness", "sexual curiousity", "violence level", "victim's age", "neighbors response", "victims personality", "common experience", "sexual abuse information", "family relations", "level of familiarity", "hiding", "suppression", "self-torture", "self-protection", 'avoidance", "asking aid", "withdrawal", "hatred", "confusion", "dodging", "remmant", and "pursuing". The 29 subcategories given above were further integrated into 16 categories such as "victimizedness", "being astounded", "filthiness", "degree", "developmental stage", "response pattern", "personality", "rarity", "infromation availability", "family support", "cover-up", "escaping", "informing", "negative internalization", and "positive pursuit of change". The core categories linked to all the other categories turned out to be "being taken aback" and "filthiness" incorporation the relevant subcategories. A total of 23 theoretical hypothesis emerged in the process of analyzing data. 1. the grater sexual curiosity, the weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthiness. 2. The weaker sexual curiosity, the stronger the senses of being taken aback and filthness. 3. The stronger the level of violence, The more violent the senses of being taken aback and filthiness. 4. The lower the level of violence, the weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthiness. 5. The younger the victims, the stronger the senses of being taken aback and filthness. 6. The older the victims, The weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthness. 7. 'Escaping' will transpire regardless of the given circumstances. 8. The weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthness, the more probable 'informing' and 'escaping' transpire. 9. The stronger the senses of being taken aback and filthness, the more probable 'informing' and 'escaping' transpire. 10. The more protective the response from 'informing' and 'escaping' transpire around, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'informing' and 'escaping'. 11. The more repelling the response from around, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 12. The more open minded the personality of subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 13. The more closed the personality of subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 14. The more frequent the experience of sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 15. The less frequent the experience of sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 16. The more available information concerning sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 17. The less available information concerning sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 18. The more cohesive the family of the subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 19. The less cohesive the family of the subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 20. The more familiar the subject is with the abuser, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 21.The less familiar the subjec is with the abuser, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 22. The more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthines' is 'informing' and 'escaping', the more positive changes the subject will pursue. 23. The more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is 'covering-up' and 'escaping', the more negative changes the subject will pursue. The following four hypothneses were conformed in the process of data analysis. 1) In case the level of violence is strong but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' in weak because of strong sexual curiosity and also if information concerning sexual abuse is not readily available and the frequency is low, negative internationalization marked by 'covering-up' and 'escaping' will take place despite the fact the subject is open-minded, the family is cohesive and the abuser is unfamiliar. 2) In case the level of violence is weak but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is weak combined wit weak sexual curiosty and also if information concerning sexual abuse is readily available and the response from around is protective and the frequency is high, the subject will pursue positive changes to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' , further aided by the fact that the subject is open-minded, the family is cohesive and the abuser is unfamilar. 3) In case the level of violence is strong but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is strong because of weak sexual curiosity and also if information concerning sexual abuse is reading available and the response from around is readily available and the response from around is protecvice and the frequency is low, the subject will persue positive changes marked by 'informing' and 'escaping' despit the fact that the family cohesion is weak and the abuser is familiar. 4) In case the level of violence is strong but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is strong because of weak sexual curiosity and also if information concerning sexual abuse is not readily available and the response from around is respelling and the frequnecy is low negative internalization like 'covering-up' and 'escaping' will take place, further aggravated by the fact that the subject's personality is closed, family cohension is weak, and subject is familiar. On the basis of the above finding, it is recommended that nursing intervention should focus on promoting the milieu conductive to the victims pursuing positive changes along with the adequate aids from protection facilities as well as from the people around them.

學生의 健康行爲,信念,價値 및 保健醫療 利用에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究 : With Emphasis on Family Structure and Other Variables 家族의 形態 및 諸特性을 中心으로

정연강 韓國學校保健學會 1993 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

An explorative and descriptive study in order to determine the effect of family sturcture and other socio-demographic variables on health behavior, belief, locus, and value and utilization of public health service was carried out. Data were collected from 1,653 subjects randomly sampled in three areas, Seoul, Kyunggi province, and Cheju province. From Seoul 849 subjects were selected, 397 subjects Kyunggi, and 407 subjects from Cheju, respectively. Self-reporting questionaires were administered during the period from March to June, 1992. The major findings were as follows : 1) The subjects visited herb-doctor's at irregular intervals mainly to have tonic medicine prepared. They preferred herb-doctor's rather than with doctors at clinics and hospitals. Statistically significant difference was found among the region studied (p<0.05). 2) The reason for visiting hospitals was primarily for treatment of diseases. They preferred hospital because they felt that the hospitals offer much highly reliable treatment services as well as medical accessibility. For the purpose of hospital utilization, statistically significant differences existed among sex, educational level, family type and region. However, no siginificance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 3) The subjects utilized general hospital mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. They preferred general hospitals because of their much better facilities and reliability. Statistical significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 4) The subjects visited dentist at irregular intervals basis. They visited once half a year or three to four months, their purpose of visit was mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Statistical significance differences were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 5) Whenever their illnesses were mild and the pharmacies was located in nearby they visited to pharmacies. They visited once a month ad patient medicines. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 6) The subjects believed that herb medicine was quite efficacious for treatment of some diseases, particularly by information handed down through time-honored tradition and experience. However, they recognized that the efficacy of folk medicine can vary with type and severity of diseases. Statistical significance was among sex, educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 7) The reason why subjects believed that pray and superstition are effective for treatment of certain type diseases, particularly in neuropathy, was the belief in God's almighty. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 8) Most of subjects under same condition preferred western medicine because they believed that it is more scientific and prompts in showing therapeutic effect. Statistical significance was not found in the choice of type of public health service among regions. But significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 9) The subjects looked for pharmacy if they thought the sympton was mild. However, they visited hospitals for chronic disease and general hospitals for emergency treatment. Statistical significance were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 10) Although most of students wanted to have a healthy life as for the component of health standard and value, they think that they are not healthy (p<0.05). As for the health behavior, significant difference was found in the proportion of smoking and drinking between educational level and region (p<0.05). The health locus was affected by educational level, and health behavior was influenced by region, sex and educational level. The utilization of type of public health service was influenced by family a type and region, and health belief by region and educational level, and the health values by region and economic standard respectively, most of correlation showed statistical siginificance. Among them, the highest correlation was seen between locus of control and external/internal locus of control, which is quite obvious. The correlation between health belief and behavior was the next highest, but still low(0.343). All the other variables are low but significant except only a few of those. These findings indicate that health education should be incorporated into the curriculum so as to develop desirable health habit, and ability of self-control in accordance with their growth stages. A systematic anf scientific understanding on the herb/folk medicine is needed, and greater reliability of the utilization of public health services are is still requried. Health policy for equal distribution of health service throughout the country along the hierachical service system and complementary mutual assistance and cooperation among various health organizations are also required.

재벌 - 무엇이 잘못 되었는가?

정연승 평택대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.8 No.-