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Political Participation of Japanese Women and Local Self-Governments : Its Trend and Review
Yazawa, Sumiko EWHA WOMANS UNIVERSITY PRESS 1995 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.1 No.-
For a long time, in Japan, until recently, political and public activities had been considered to be the men's domain and politics had been considered as "Men's Work" about the same as in some other countries. However, the Japanese political culture which had been dominated by men is slowly but steadily changing due to urbanization, the emergence of highly educated women, increasing participation of women in society, internationalization, and the trend toward an information-oriented society. This paper overviews the characteristics and trends of Japanese women's political participation since the end of the Second World War. It examines the current meaning of political participation of women, many of whom are seeking to form more humanized communities in which the individual and local culture can thrive together. This paper also considers the relationship of democracy to local self-government, and gender in the 1990's.
Explanation of the Thermal Formation of Dioxins from Thermodynamic Viewpoint
Yazawa, Akira,Nakazawa, Shigeatsu 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.1
The thermal formation of dioxins is typical of recent environmental issues relating to metallurgy. To analyze the behavior of these toxic species, computer assisted thermodynamic assessments were extensively carried out. In the homogeneous gas phase equilibria of the C-O-H-Cl system, the formation of dioxins is usually observed below 300-350℃, but is observed at higher temperature under the condition of oxygen deficiency. It has become clear that the presence of enough oxygen and hydrogen, as well as a decrease in chlorine content, would be desirable to prevent dioxin formation. From a strict thermodynamic standpoint, dioxins are meta-stable products observed under the retardation of the carbon deposition reaction which must be very slow at low temperature. The effects of some inhibitors or accelerators on the formation of dioxins are also discussed.
( Hiroyuki Yazawa ),( Tsuyoshi Hiraiwa ),( Fumihiro Ito ),( Keiya Fujimori ) 대한산부인과학회 2017 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.60 No.6
We describe an extremely rare case of advanced pure primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), treated by adjuvant chemotherapy with dose-dense paclitaxel combined with carboplatin (dd-TC) plus the combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin (CPT-P), with long-term recurrence-free survival. A 71-year-old woman complaining of lower abdominal pain was referred to our hospital and a 7-cm-diameter solid tumor was identified. She was diagnosed with a left ovarian tumor that was highly suspicious for malignancy based on ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, low-anterior colon resection, and colostomy were performed. Intra- and post-operative histopathological diagnosis revealed International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIc well-differentiated pure ovarian SCC. As adjuvant chemotherapy, 2 courses of dd-TC were administered, followed by 3 courses of CPT-P; the patient then underwent 4 additional courses of dd-TC. Both regimens were effective and there has been no recurrence or metastasis thus far in the 5 years since the operation.
Shujiro Yazawa 한국사회학회 2003 한국사회학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-
How can we situate Melucci’s The Playing Self and The Challenging Code in the trends of social movements studies? Needless to say, Melucci started from the theory of Touraine and tried to overcome it. What is the relationship between this Melucci’s trace and Touraine’s works in recent years which deal with the end of social movement and the redefinition of social movement? Touraine argues that Melucci differenciated collective action from social movement. The former was defined as the process of creating of its own identity (meaningful life experience) which started from weak self, the process of constructing collective identity and the process of “reconstructing the totality of life experience and its internal diversity by linking together body and mind, identization and participation, diversity and unity.” The latter was defined as “a central conflict between identity and deregulated, market-oriented processes of change that threaten, destroy, or manipulate self-identity.” Namely the difference between Touraine and Melucci is that Touraine deals with social movement in terms of subjectivity which means “struggle against communal integration and instrumentalism of the market and technology”, and Melucci deals with collective action, which means a process of creating and keeping meaningful life experience and constructing of totality of life experience. In the Epilogue of The Playing Self, Melucci has clarified that individuals are becoming the social core of the social structure and that individuation processes have had not only negative sides but also the following positive sides. “I believe that we are currently witnessing a change in the structure of society that makes individuals central social actors, providing them with resources, capacities, and autonomy as well. This allows them to act as social actors who can be more autonomous, more self-reflective, more responsible, more resourceful.” And yet he has also pointed out that “social actors simultaneously become more exposed to social pressures and manipulation which increasingly intervene in the inner structure of individual identity in the moral, psychological, motivational components of the self.” This fact is the point of departure in Melucci’s work on social movements. Namely the point of departure in his work on social movements is the border area between the individual and the apparatuses of the system. The point of the departure which Melucci had chosen seems to be suitable enough to be able to analize the context of Japanese society. The concept of identity was founded by E.H. Erickson in 1950’s when modem society has been fallen into the crisis. Therefore the concept of identity really meant the crisis of identity. This concept had been introduced to Japan in 1960’s. But people in modem society has been in double-bind and forced to unable to establish identity, even if they would like to do it. Identity meant disperse of identity. During 1980’s people had been trying to change the form of their social behavior (J. Rifton’s Protean self) in order to adapt to radical social changes. But body, human nature and nature as the base of individual has become more exposed to social pressure and manipulation in the midst of globalization, because many intermediate groups has been weakened by being integrated into capitalism. Nowadays so many people especially youths have been in maladaptation. Overeating, Rejection of eating, Hikikomori and Wrist-cutter are among explicit social phenomena. These social phenomena are emerging in the border area between the individual and apparatuses and the system which is not clearly defined and very important sociological symptom. Isn’t it possible to think that they are the point of departure of movement, which is trying for individual to become individual? Isn’t it possible to think that they are the point of departure of new social movement? The new social movement in this con
Cluster-Structured Particle Swarm Optimization with Interaction
Kazuyuki Yazawa,Makoto Motoki,Keiichiro Yasuda 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
A new cluster-structured Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with interaction and diversity of parameters is proposed in this paper. A swarm of PSO is divided into some sub-swarms (clusters), and not only interactions between sub-swarms and but also diversity of PSO parameters are added so as to improve the search ability of PSO. The cluster structure and the interaction of the proposed PSO are analyzed through some numerical simulations. The feasibility and the advantage of the proposed cluster-structured PSO are demonstrated through numerical simulations using four typical optimization test problems.