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Triplet Class-Wise Difficulty-Based Loss for Long-Tail Classification
Yaw Darkwah Jnr,강대기 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2023 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.15 No.3
Little attention appears to have been paid to the relevance of learning a good representation function in solving long tail tasks. Therefore, we propose a new loss function to ensure a good representation is learnt while learning to classify. We call this loss function Triplet Class-Wise Difficulty-Based (TriCDB-CE) Loss. It is a combination of the Triplet Loss and Class-wise Difficulty-Based Cross-Entropy (CDB-CE) Loss. We prove its effectiveness empirically by performing experiments on three benchmark datasets. We find improvement in accuracy after comparing with some baseline methods. For instance, in the CIFAR-10-LT, 7 percentage points (pp) increase relative to the CDB-CE Loss was recorded. There is more room for improvement on Places-LT.
Genotypespecific methylation of HPV in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Yaw-Wen Hsu,Rui-Lan Huang,Po-Hsuan Su,Yu-Chih Chen,Hui-Chen Wang,Chi-Chun Liao,Hung-Cheng Lai 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.4
Objective: Hypermethylation of human papillomavirus (HPV) and host genes has beenreported in cervical cancer. However, the degree of methylation of different HPV typesrelative to the severity of the cervical lesions remains controversial. Studies of the degree ofmethylation associated with the host gene and the HPV genome to the severity of cervicallesions are rare. We examined the association of methylation status between host genes andlate gene 1 (L1) regions of HPV16, 18, 52, and 58 in cervical brushings. Methods: Cervical brushings from 147 HPV-infected patients were obtained. The samplescomprised normal (n=28), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n=45), CIN2 (n=13), andCIN3/carcinoma in situ (n=61). The methylation status of HPV and host genes was measuredusing bisulfite pyrosequencing and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chainreaction (PCR). Results: The degree of methylation of L1 in HPV16, 18, and 52 was associated with theseverity of the cervical lesion. In HPV52, C-phosphate-G (CpG) sites 6368m, 6405m, and6443m showed significantly higher methylation in lesions ≥CIN3 (p=0.005, 0.003, and0.026, respectively). Methylation of most HPV types except HPV52 (r<−0.1) was positivelycorrelated with the degree of methylation of host genes including PAX1 and SOX1 (0.4≤r≤0.7). Combining HPV methylation with PAX1 methylation improved the clustering for ≥CIN2. Conclusion: Our study showed that the degree of L1 methylation of HPV16, 18, and 52but not 58 is associated with the severity of cervical lesions. The association betweenHPV methylation and host gene methylation suggests different responses of host cellularepigenetic machinery to different HPV genotypes.
Diet and Physical Activity in Relation to Weight Change among Breast Cancer Patients
Yaw, Yong Heng,Shariff, Zalilah Mohd,Kandiah, Mirnalini,Weay, Yong Heng,Saibul, Nurfaizah,Sariman, Sarina,Hashim, Zailina Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1
Background: This study aimed to provide an overview of lifestyle changes after breast cancer diagnosis and to examine the relationship between dietary and physical activity changes with weight changes in breast cancer patients. Women with breast carcinomas (n=368) were recruited from eight hospitals and four breast cancer support groups in peninsular Malaysia. Dietary and physical activity changes were measured from a year preceding breast cancer diagnosis to study entry. Mean duration since diagnosis was $4.86{\pm}3.46$ years. Dietary changes showed that majority of the respondents had decreased their intake of high fat foods (18.8-65.5%), added fat foods (28.3-48.9%), low fat foods (46.8-80.7%), red meat (39.7%), pork and poultry (20.1-39.7%) and high sugar foods (42.1-60.9%) but increased their intake of fish (42.7%), fruits and vegetables (62.8%) and whole grains (28.5%). Intake of other food groups remained unchanged. Only a small percentage of the women (22.6%) had increased their physical activity since diagnosis where most of them (16.0%) had increased recreational activities. Age at diagnosis (${\beta}$= -0.20, p= 0.001), and change in whole grain (${\beta}$= -0.15, p= 0.003) and fish intakes (${\beta}$= 0.13, p= 0.013) were associated with weight changes after breast cancer diagnosis. In summary, the majority of the women with breast cancer had changed their diets to a healthier one. However, many did not increase their physical activity levels which could improve their health and lower risk of breast cancer recurrence.
Volatility Information in the Trading Activity of Stocks, Options and Volatility Options
Yaw-Huei Wang 한국재무학회 2012 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.09
We investigate the information content of trading activity in S&P 500 component stocks, S&P 500 index options and VIX options on the future realized volatility of S&P 500 index returns and find that the only consistently useful information on the determination of future realized volatility is provided by trading activity in VIX calls. We also find a discernible increase in the level of predictability when investors are more worried, when the level of information asymmetry in the VIX call market is higher, and when the transaction costs of VIX calls are lower, relative to S&P 500 index options.
( Yaw Joo Kim ),( Ho Bang Kim ),( Eun Hye Baek ),( Sung Gi Heu ),( Chung Sun An ) 한국식물학회 2005 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.48 No.1
Plant chitinases have been known as pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, but recent studies suggest that they play functional roles during normal plant growth and development. We previously isolated two cDNA clones encoding endochitinases, EuNOD-CHT1 and -CHT2, from the root nodules of Elaeagnus umbellata. These genes show differential expression patterns, with the EuNOD-CHT1 gene being active in the root nodules and meristems, while EuNODCHT2 is preferentially expressed in the infected cells of those nodules. To elucidate the functional roles of these two endochitinases, we have now constitutively expressed each gene in a heterologous plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana. Stable inheritance and expression of the transgenes were confirmed by genomic Southern hybridization and RT-PCR. Our transgenic plants did not differ morphologically from the wild types. However, constitutive expression of EuNOD-CHT1 and -CHT2 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased resistance against a fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, but not against a bacterial agent, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. Expression levels were enhanced by both wounding and jasmonic acid treatments (for EuNOD-CHT1), or by jasmonic acid only (for EuNOD-CHT2). These data suggest that EuNOD-CHT1 and -CFIT2 primarily play defensive roles during root nodule development in E. umbellata.
Yaw-Wen Kuo,Tung-Lin Tsai 한국통신학회 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.6
This paper proposes a complete solution of a contentionbasedmedium access control in wireless local networks to providestation level quality of service guarantees in both downstream andupstream directions. The solution, based on the mature distributedcoordination function protocol, includes a new fixed contentionwindow backoff scheme, a tuning procedure to derive the optimalparameters, a super mode to mitigate the downstream bottleneckat the access point, and a simple admission control algorithm. Theproposed systemguarantees that the probability of the delay boundviolation is below a predefined threshold. In addition, high channelutilization can be achieved at the same time. The numerical resultsshow that the system has advantages over the traditional binaryexponential backoff scheme, including efficiency and easy configuration.
YAW Chi Pin,Mitsuaki ISHITOBI,Masatoshi NISHI 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper deals with a discrete_time design of model following control for a nonlinear one degree of freedom model helicopter using redesign method. Improved Euler model is used instead of simple Euler model for redesign of the controller. Simulation and experiment results of emulation, redesign method based on Euler model and improved Euler model are included to show the performance of each design method. The new redesinged controller based on improved Euler model shows better tracking control results than redesigned controller of Euler model and emulation.