第二言語習得における学習者の情意要因

姚?(Yao Yao) 한국일본문화학회 2016 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.69

This study is a research of affective variables of students in second-language acquisition, focusing on the anxiety of Chinese students majored in Japanese Language. 575 Japanese learners of 4 universities in China were investigated in and out of the classroom on second language anxiety. The result showed grade differences. The uneasy numerical value in the classroom of three grades made little difference. As for the seniors, uneasiness in numerical value was low whereas sophomores and juniors felt strongly about the uneasiness of the speed of a Japanese class. In addition, a lower standard of the uneasiness out of the classroom and a meaningful equilateral correlation were seen in a lower standard of the uneasiness in all classrooms. From the above-mentioned investigation, the actual situation of the second language anxiety of the Japanese learners in the Chinese universities may prove better. However, such a study is unable to be conducted until an examination about the effectiveness of the uneasy relaxation by the concrete instruction method and instruction method has been taken. Therefore, it is suggested that a study about the instruction method for a tendency and the content of the emotion should be done and learners should be taken into consideration in the future.

중국에서 출판된 한국어 교재의 문제점 고찰 -음운 현상 교육 부분을 중심으로-

왕요 ( Wang¸ Yao ) 국어학회 2021 국어학 Vol.- No.99

본 연구는 최근 10년간 중국에서 출판된 정규 대학 기관용 한국어 교재를 대상으로 한국어 교재에서 제시하고 있는 음운 현상 교육 자료를 살펴보고, 각 교재에 제시된 한국어의 음운 현상에 대한 설명을 검토하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 토대로 현행 한국어 교재의 문제점을 지적하고 각 음운 현상의 규범적인 한국어 및 중국어 기술 내용을 제시하였다. 현재 중국의 한국어 교육 현장에서 사용되고 있는 중국에서 출판된 한국어 교재를 살펴본 결과, 음운 현상에 대한 비규범적인 설명이 포함된 교재는 총 10종이 있다. 교재에서 평파열음화, 장애음의 비음화, 유음의 비음화, 합성 명사에서의 경음화, ‘ㄹ’ 뒤의 경음화, 자음군 단순화, ㄴ-첨가, 모음 축약, 유기음화, 그리고 연음, 총 10종의 음운 현상에 대한 비규범적인 설명이 발견된다. 특히 /ㄹ/는 ‘장애음의 비음화’와는 무관하므로 중국에서 출판된 한국어 교재에서 제시한 “/ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ/ 뒤에 공명음 /ㄴ, ㅁ, ㄹ/가 올 때, 그 소리는 /ㅇ, ㄴ, ㅁ/로 바뀐다.”와 같은 설명은 적절하지 않다. 또한 ‘음료수’가 [음뇨수]로 발음되는 현상은 ‘특수 음변(特殊音變)’이 아니라 유음의 비음화 현상으로 설명되어야 함을 지적하였고, ‘ㄹ’ 뒤의 경음화 현상을 “한자어 ‘ㄹ’ 뒤의 경음화”와 “관형사형 어미 ‘-을’ 뒤의 경음화” 두 가지로 나누어 학습자들에게 교육해야 함을 주장하였다. 그리고 ‘보+아서→봐서, 되+어서→돼서, 하+여→해’ 같은 경우는 음운의 차원으로 봤을 때는 축약 현상이 아니라는 것을 주의 깊게 학습자들에게 설명해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to examine the phonological phenomenon in the educational materials presented in Korean textbooks for regular university institutions published in China over the past 10 years, and to examine the explanations of phonological phenomena in Korean presented in each textbook. Based on this, problems of current Korean textbooks were pointed out, and normative Korean as well as Chinese descriptions of each phonological phenomenon were presented. As a result of examining the Korean textbooks published in China, which are currently used in the field of Korean language education over there, there are a total of 10 textbooks that contain non-normal explanations of phonological phenomena. On the other hand, among the numerous phonological phenomena of Korean, in Korean textbooks published in China, syllable final unreleasing, obstruent nasalization, liquid nasalization, fortition in compound noun, fortition after ‘ㄹ’, consonant cluster simplification, ㄴ-insertion, vowel contraction, totally non-normative explanations for 10 types of phonological phenomena, including aspiration and liaisons, are found. Especially, what is mentioned about /ㄹ/ has nothing to do with ‘nasalization of Obstruent’ in the Korean textbooks published in China, “when the Sonorant /ㄴ, ㅁ, ㄹ/ comes after /ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ/ this sound changes to /ㅇ, ㄴ, ㅁ/.” is not considered appropriate explanation. In addition, this study has pointed out that the phenomenon of ‘음료수’ being pronounced [음뇨수] should be explained not as a ‘special sound change’ but as a nazalation phenomenon of the liquid consonants. It was suggested that the learners should be educated by dividing them into two categories: “Fortis phenomenon after the Korean character ‘ㄹ’” and “Fortis phenomenon after the adnominal suffix ‘-을’”. Moreover, it should be carefully explained to the learners that in the case of ‘보+아서→봐서, 되+어서→돼서, 하+여→해’ is not an abbreviation phenomenon in terms of phonology.

중국에서 출판된 한국어 교재의 문제점 고찰 - 자음의 발음 교육 부분을 중심으로 -

왕요 ( Wang¸ Yao ) 반교어문학회 2020 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.56

이 연구는 2010년 이후부터 현재까지 중국에서 출판된 정규 대학 기관용 한국어 교재를 대상으로 자음의 발음 교육 자료를 분석하고 문제점을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 나아가 문제점에 대한 해결 방안을 제시하였다. 자음의 발음 기호를 제시하는 데에서 평음을 무성화된 유성음으로 표기해야 한다고 보았다. 기본 국제 음성 문자에 무기음임을 나타내는 구별 기호 ‘○̿ ’를 붙여야 경음의 올바른 음가, 무기음임을 나타내는 구별 기호 ‘○ʰ’를 붙여야 격음의 올바른 음가라고 보았다. 자음 분류표 같은 경우, 초급 한국어 학습자에게 제시할 때 치마찰음과 경구개 파찰음을 묶어서 설면전음으로 분류하는 것은 바람직하지 않다고 하였다. 또한 /ㄹ/의 조음 방법을 유음으로 기술하는 것이 더 타당하다고 하였다. 발성 유형을 기술할 때 ‘松音(평음), 緊音(경음), 有氣音(격음)’이라는 용어들을 사용하는 것이 학습자들에게 ‘평·경·격음’의 발성 유형에 파악하는 데에서 도움이 될 수 있으리라 보았다. 실험음성학적 분석 결과, 한국어 평음에 비해 경음은 중국어 무기음과 더 유사하다. 중국어권 학습자에게 한국어의 자음을 가르칠 때, 한국어 평음의 발음이 중국어 무기음의 발음과 다르다는 점을 강조해야 한다는 입장을 밝혔다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the education materials of consonants pronunciation and to examine problems in Korean textbooks for regular university institutions, published in China from 2010 to the present. Furthermore, to suggest a solution to these problems. First of all, in presenting the pronunciation symbols of consonants, this study believes that the unvoiced lax consonants should be marked as voiced consonants. Secondly, the phonetic value can be approved only if when the separator‘○̿ ’is attached to the basic international phonetic character for tense consonants, and ‘○ʰ’for aspirated consonants. Thus, when presenting consonants systematically for beginner Korean learners, it is not desirable to classify them as lingual frontal consonants by combining the voiceless dental fricative consonants and voiceless palatal affricate consonants. Moreover, It is more appropriate to describe the articulation method of /ㄹ/ as a fluid consonant. Lastly, when describing the types of vocalization, the use of the terms "lax consonants", "tense consonants", and "aspirated consonants" would be a great help to learners in grasping the different types of "lax·tense·aspirated" consonants. As a conclusion, it is proved that when teaching Korean consonants to Chinese-speakers Korean learners, it should be emphasized that the pronunciation of Korean lax consonants are different from Chinese unaspirated consonants.

중국(中國)에서 출판(出版)된 한국어(韓國語) 교재(敎材)의 문제점(問題點) 고찰(考察) -단모음(單母音) 설명(說明) 부분(部分)을 중심(中心)으로-

왕요(王瑤) ( Wang¸ Yao ) 한국어문교육연구회 2021 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.49 No.3

본 연구는 2010년 이후부터 현재까지 중국에서 출판된 정규 대학 기관용 한국어 교재에 제시된 단모음의 설명 부분을 분석하여, 문제점을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 현재 중국의 한국어 교육 현장에서 사용되고 있는 중국에서 출판된 한국어 교재에서 단모음의 발음 기호를 제시하는 데에 가장 혼란스러운 단모음인 /ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ, ㅐ, ㅚ/의 IPA 기호는 각각 [Λ](긴소리일 때 [əː]), [o], [ɨ], [ε], [ø]로 표기해야 한다고 보았다. 단모음을 체계적으로 제시할 때 음운론적 분류표에서는 굳이 중설모음을 설정할 필요가 없고, /ㅡ, ㅓ, ㅏ/는 후설모음으로 분류해야 할 것으로 보았다. 음성학적 분류표에서는 중설모음을 설정할 필요가 있으며, 이때 /ㅓ/는 후설 평순 반개모음에 해당하지만, 긴소리 /ㅓ/는 중설 반폐모음에 해당한다. 단모음을 기술할 때 ‘홑모음'이나 ‘모음(元音)’이라는 용어보다는, ‘단모음(單元音)’이라는 용어를 사용하는 것이 더 타당하다고 하였다. 실험음성학적 분석 결과, 한국어 /ㅣ, ㅏ, ㅜ/는 각각 중국어 /i, a, u/와 동일한 소리로 볼 수 있지만, 한국어 /ㅗ/는 중국어 /o/와 동일한 소리로 볼 수 없다. 이뿐만 아니라 한국어 /ㅓ, ㅡ/의 발음이 모두 중국어 /e/의 발음과 다르다는 현실을 밝혔다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the simple vowels presented in Korean textbooks for regular university institutions published in China, starting from 2010 until now, examine the problems, and make recommendations. The most confusing IPA symbols of /ㅓ,ㅗ,ㅡ, ㅐ, andㅚ /, which are used for simple vowels in Korean textbooks published in China, [Λ] ([əː] should be applied to long sounds), [o], [ɨ], [ε], and [ø]. When presenting simple vowels systematically, it is not necessary to set central vowels in the phonological classification table, and /ㅡ, ㅓ, ㅏ/ were classified as central vowels. In the phonetic classification table, it is imperative to set a central vowel. In this case, / ㅓ/ corresponds to a flat-order half-closed vowel, but a long sound / ㅓ/ corresponds to a half-closed vowel. When describing simple vowels, it can be argued that it is more advantageous to use the term ”simple vowels” rather than “one vowel” or “vowel.” The experimental phonetic analysis showed that Korean / ㅣ, ㅏ, ㅜ/ can be considered to have the same sound as Chinese /i, a, and u/, respectively, but Korean / / cannot be regarded as equivalent to Chinese /o/. Furthermore, it also revealed that the pronunciations of Korean / ㅓ, ㅡ/ differ from those of Chinese /e/.

Towards Attacks and Defenses of Anonymous Communication Systems

Tianbo Lu,Puxin Yao1,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Feng Xie,Yamei Xia 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

Anonymous communication system has been hot topic in the field of information security, and attack techniques against anonymous systems are endless. This paper first classifies and summarizes the study of attacks against anonymous communication system in recent years, then analyzes the trend of the research on different attack technologies; secondly, it provides a comparative analysis of defense capability the mainstream anonymous communication system to the various attacks; Finally, combining the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the authors propose an improved node selection and router forwarding algorithms for anonymous communication systems, and design an architecture of anonymous communications software based on the algorithm.

Effect of the TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Growth Behavior of Intermetallics in Sn/Cu Solder Joints

Shengyan Shang,Anil Kunwar,Jinye Yao,Yanfeng Wang,Haitao Ma,Yunpeng Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.2

In order to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on growth behavior of interfacial Cu6Sn5 intermetallics compounds(IMCs) in Pb-free Sn/Cu system, the solder joints are fabricated by using flux doped with different content (0.0–2.0 wt% offlux) and particle diameter (5 nm and 50 nm) of TiO2 . In context of isothermal reflow soldering at 250 °C and subsequentair cooling, the increase in reflow duration from 10 to 120 s was characterized with an increment in IMC layer thicknessand grain size, due to the enhancement of Cu flux contribution for Ostwald ripening during constant temperature reflow andprecipitation kinetics during cooling. The increased proportion of TiO2 nanoparticles in flux was found to reduce the growthof IMC layer and grain size. The suppression effect on IMC was more pronounced for 5 nm particles as compared to the 50nm TiO2 . The TiO2 nanoparticles, adsorbed on IMC plane can retard the growth of the latter. Presence of sufficient amountof a given sized TiO2 nanoparticles among IMCs, by increasing the effective stress at the localized interfaces, and causingthe breaking of brittle Cu6Sn5 during growth stage; can help in the inhibition of IMC whisker formation. Particle diameterand mass proportion of TiO2 nanoparticles are important for soldering materials design.

飼料用 수수 品種 開發에 관한 硏究 : Ⅳ. 同質四倍體 수수와 Johnsongrass 種間交雜種의 細包 學的遺傳硏究 Ⅳ. Cytogenetic Studies on Interspecific hybrid Between Autotetraploid Sorghum and Johnsongrass

李喆浩,李宗玉,羅耀武 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2000 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.13 No.-

Interspecific hybrid between autotetraploid Sorghum(S. bicolor(L.) Moench) and Johnsongrass (S. halepense(L.) Pers) were produced using hand and plasticbags emasculation. The objectives of this research were to study cytogenetics and POD spectrum of the hybrids. The forage value of interspecific hybrid was also performed. The results showed as follows; 1. The average chromosome configuration per cell at meiotic M I of F_1 hybrid's PCMs was 0.17 Ⅰ+14.11Ⅱ+0.028Ⅲ+2.87Ⅳ+0.004Ⅴ+0.007Ⅵ+0.0007Ⅶ. At anaphase Ⅱ, unsynchronized distribution was observed expect laggards, it was negatively and significantly correlated with the number of chain quadrivalents of parent sorghum (r=-0.8718). 2. The POD spectrum of interspecific hybrid was tendency to that of Johnsongrass, and exhibited characteristic bands of Johnsongrass. Index of spectrum similarity between F_1 and parent Sorghum, Johnsongrass were 58.00%, 68.69%, respectively. The genomic model of Johnsongrass and the way of transferring desirable genes to cultivated sorghum from Johnsongrass were also discussed.

A Real-Time Vibration Frequency Measurement System of Bridge Pier

Yao-Ming Hong,Jian-Rong Zeng,Yao-Chiang Kan,Hsueh-Chun Lin 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.7 No.6

This study developed a real-time remote monitoring system (RTRMS) to receive the vibration frequency of bridge pier. The system included a front station and a middle station. A multi-hop wireless routing is employed to transmit the data from the front to the middle station. The front station includes a receiver equipped to receive the vibration frequency, and a wireless sensor network to transmit the data. The middle station is designed by an embedded system for storing the data. The pressure test shows that the loss rate of received data is less than 0.6%. The consuming power of one day is 3 ampere hours in the front station and 30 ampere hours in the middle station if the 12 voltage battery is used.

Leveraging visual cues and pricing strategies: An empirical investigation of the pre-owned luxury market

Yao Alex Yao,Bao Ying 한국마케팅과학회 2024 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.15 No.2

Previously less notable behind the primary market, the pre-owned luxury market has grown rapidly during the past five years as luxury resale has become a new normal. This market presents some new challenges that do not apply to the traditional luxury market, yet limited research explores it. This paper fills this gap by investigating information disclosure and pricing effects in pre-owned luxury product promotion in the digital market. Analysis of a unique dataset from a leading luxury resale online platform suggests that providing more information through visual cues reduces information asymmetry and facilitates transactions, but the effect is moderated if pre-owned products are in newer conditions. High prices also have an overall negative effect on sales, but the effect is moderated among newer products because they provide higher price-prestige value. Managerial implications to sellers and the platform are discussed.

New Dioscin-Glycosidase Hydrolyzing Multi-Glycosides of Dioscin from Absidia Strain

( Yao Yao Fu ),( Hong Shan Yu ),( Si Hui Tang ),( Xiang Chun Hu ),( Yuan Hao Wang ),( Bing Liu ),( Chen Xu Yu ),( Feng Xie Jin ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.6