A Comprehensive Assessment of the Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence of Gastric Cancer in the United States, 1992-2014

Qiang Yao,Xiaona Qi,Wen Cheng,Shao-Hua Xie 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence of gastric cancer and their temporal trends in the United States. Materials and Methods Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we assessed such disparities during 1992-2014 in the United States using a variety of disparity metrics. Results The age-standardized incidence rate of non-cardia gastric cancer was highest in Asian and Pacific Islanders, while the incidence of cardia gastric was highest in non-Hispanic whites in men and was similarly low in all groups in women. The incidence of non-cardia gastric cancer decreased in all groups over time, particularly in Asian and Pacific Islanders (on average by 3% per year). The incidence of cardia gastric remained relatively stable in virtually all racial/ethnic groups. The racial and ethnic disparities in gastric cancer incidence steadily decreased over time as measured on the absolute scale, which was mainly driven by the reduced disparities in non-cardia gastric cancer. The range difference in the incidence of gastric cancer decreased on average by 4.1% per year in men and by 2.6% per year in women from 1992 to 2014. The between group variance decreased by 5.6% per year in men and by 3.4% per year in women. The relative-scale disparity measures generally remained stable over time. Conclusion This study demonstrates decreased racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence of gastric cancer over time in the United States, particularly as measured on the absolute scale.

Deposit morphology on SiC fibers in methane-acetylene/air laminar diffusion flames

Qiang Yao,Yu Wang 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.2

morphologies of soot deposit on 15m diameter silicon carbide (SiC) fibers have been investigatedwith a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in methane-acetylene/air laminar diffusion flames with co-flowing air.The morphologies are shown to be strongly dependent on the fuels ratio. Two kinds of proceses by which mature sootthe other is the aggregation of the smaller soot particles (or chains of them) carried along the particle path line. Diferenttransition processes are compared betwen the present work and previous work done by other researchers that usedpropane/air laminar difusion flames. It seems the presence of C=C in methane-acetylene laminar diffusion flames isthe key factor that causes the diference of transition processes in those two kinds of flames.

Supply Chain Collaboration Degree of Manufacturing Enterprises Using Matter-Element Method

( Qiang Xiao ),( Shuangshuang Yao ),( Mengjun Qiang ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 Journal of information processing systems Vol.17 No.5

Evaluation of the collaboration of the upstream and downstream enterprises in the manufacturing supply chain is important to improve their synergistic effect. From the supply chain perspective, this study establishes the evaluation model of the manufacturing enterprise collaboration on the basis of fuzzy entropy according to synergistic theory. Downstream enterprises carry out coordinated capital, business, and information flows as subsystems and research enterprises as composite systems. From the three subsystems, the collaboration evaluation index is selected as the order parameter. The compound fuzzy matter-element matrix is established by using its improved algorithm. Subordinate membership and standard deviation fuzzy matter-element matrixes are constructed. Index weight is determined using the entropy weight method. The closeness of each matter element is then calculated. Through a representative of the home appliance industry, namely, Gree Electric Appliances Inc. of Zhuhai, empirical analysis of data in 2011-2017 from the company and its upstream and downstream enterprise collaboration shows a good trend, but the coordinated development has not reached stability. Gree Electric Appliances Inc. of Zhuhai need to strengthen the synergy with upstream and downstream enterprises in terms of cash, business, and information flows to enhance competitiveness. Experimental results show that this method can provide precise suggestions for enterprises, improve the degree of collaboration, and accelerate the development and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.

Smad4 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Differs by Hepatitis Status

Yao, Lei,Li, Fu-Jun,Tang, Zhi-Qiang,Gao, Shuang,Wu, Qe-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Aims: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy often related to hepatitis viral infection. Smad4 is known to mediate the TGF-${\beta}$ pathway to suppress tumorigenesis. However, the function of Smad4 in HCC is still controversial. In this study we compared levels of Smad4 in HCC tissues with or without hepatitis virus infection and adjacent normal-appearing liver. Methods: Samples from HCC patients were analyzed for Smad4 protein and mRNA expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: We found that tumor tissues expressed less Smad4 mRNA and protein than the adjacent tissues. Most HCC tumor tissues were negative for Smad4 in IHC staining, while the majority of adjacent tissues were positively stained. Interestingly, protein levels were higher in HCC tissues with viral hepatitis than those without virus infection. Suppression of expression appeared closely related to HCC, so that Smad4 appears to function as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). Conclusion: Patients with hepatitis viral infection, at higher risk for HCC, exhibited increased Smad4 protein expression suggesting hepatitis virus may modulate Smad4 expression, which is functionally distinct from its putative role as a TSG. Smad4 expression may thus be an applicable marker for diagnosis and/or a target to develop therapeutic agents for HCC.

FEW WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE PRODUCTION IN LARGE-SCALE BY NANO-AGGLOMERATE FLUIDIZED-BED PROCESS

QIANG ZHANG,HAO YU,YI LIU,WEIZHONG QIAN,YAO WANG,GUOHUA LUO,FEI WEI 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.1

Few walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) have been successfully synthesized using a nano-agglomerate fluidized-bed process. FWCNTs can be obtained by fluidization of Fe(Co/Ni)/Mo/MgO catalysts at a high temperature with methane cracking in a nano-agglomerate fluidized-bed reactor. The products were mainly 2 to 5 walled CNTs with an outer diameter of 1–7 nm in high purity, as revealed by Raman spectrometry, SEM, and HRTEM analysis. Two keys were crucial for this process. The first key was to get the small size of activity catalyst particles which was realized by Mo addition in catalyst. The graphitization of FWCNTs strongly depended on the composition of catalyst. Fe/Mo/MgO catalyst showed the highest activity and the FWCNT product with the best graphitization. Another key for this process was that the particles must be kept in fluidized state during FWCNT formation. Detailed process information was reported in this article, which showed a potential way for the large scale production of FWCNTs, thereby the urgent need for FWCNTs in high performance will be overcome.

Effect of Ion Source Current on the Microstructure and Properties of Cr-DLC Coatings Prepared by Ion Beam-Assisted Arc Ion Plating

Yao Cai,Huidong Liu,Ye Ma,Qiang Wan,Hao Cheng,Yan Liu,Yanming Chen,Qingsong Mei,Bing Yang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.5

Cr-containing diamond-like carbon (Cr-DLC) nanocomposite coatings were synthesized by ion beam-assisted arc ion plating with varying hollow cathode ion source (HCIS) currents. The morphologies, compositions and microstructures were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Hardness and friction coefficient were investigated by using nanoindentation and ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. With no HCIS current, the coating exhibits the maximal growth rate and a rough surface, as well as lower hardness and elastic modulus. With the increasing HCIS current from 40 A to 80 A, the growth rate and the content of chromium carbide decrease obviously, the sp3/sp2 ratio increases initially to the maximum at the HCIS current of 60 A, the highest hardness and elastic modulus are obtained at the HCIS current of 50 A. It is also revealed that moderate HCIS current can reduce surface roughness obviously and promote tribological properties. The correlation of the HCIS current with the microstructure and performance of Cr-DLC coating has been established.

Effects of Thermobifida fusca Cutinase-carbohydrate-binding Module Fusion Proteins on Cotton Bioscouring

Yao Zhang,Sheng Chen,Miao He,Jing Wu,Jian Chen,Qiang Wang 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.4

Previously, we presented a novel approach for increasing Thermobifida fusca cutinase adsorption on cotton fibers by fusing cutinase with a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). A preliminary study showed that two fusion proteins,namely cutinase-CBM_(Cel6A) and cutinase-CBM_(CenA),with similar stabilities and catalytic properties, had potential applications in bioscouring. In the present study, an indepth analysis of both cutinase-CBMs in bioscouring was explored. Effects of cutinase-CBMs on cotton bioscouring were investigated by characterizing the chemical and physical surface changes in enzyme-treated cotton fabrics. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the degradation of the cotton fabric cuticle; Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to study changes in the chemical composition of the cotton fabric epidermal layer; and scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor minor changes in the morphology of the fiber surface. Our results indicated that cutinase-CBMs in combination with pectinase had a greater effect on cotton fabric than did cutinase. Following scouring with cutinase-CBMs and pectinase, the performance of cotton fabric in terms of its wettability and dyeability was similar to that following alkali scouring. Our study provides a foundation for the further application of cutinase-CBM to bioscouring.

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, an Immunogenic Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus Adhesion Protein and Protective Antigen

( Qiang Fu ),( Zi Gong Wei ),( Xiao Hong Liu ),( Ping Ping Xiao ),( Zhao Hui Lu ),( Yao Sheng Chen ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus, SEZ) is an important pathogen associated with opportunistic infections of a wide range of species, including pigs and humans. The absence of a suitable vaccine makes it difficult to control SEZ infection. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been previously identified as an immunogenic protein using immunoproteomic techniques. In the present study, we confirmed that the sequence of GAPDH was highly conserved with other Streptococcus spp. The purified recombinant GAPDH could elicit a significant humoral antibody response in mice and confer significant protection against challenge with a lethal dose of SEZ. GAPDH could adhere to the Hep-2 cells, confirmed by flow cytometry, and inhibit adherence of SEZ to Hep-2 cells in an adherence inhibition assay. In addition, real-time PCR demonstrated that GAPDH was induced in vivo following infection of mice with SEZ. These suggest that GAPDH could play an important role in the pathogenesis of SEZ infection and could be a target for vaccination against SEZ.

A review of the current in-situ fouling control strategies in MBR: Biological versus physicochemical

Qiang Liu,Jiayao Ren,Yongsheng Lu,Xiaolei Zhang,Felicity A. Roddick,Linhua Fan,Yufei Wang,Huarong Yu,Ping Yao 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-

Fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) is a bottleneck problem limiting their application. In-situfouling control strategies have been continuously developed for decades, and can be mainlycategorized as biological and physicochemical approaches. However, the mechanisms and performanceof these methods as well as their application prospects have not been thoroughly discussed andcompared in a systematic manner. This study was aimed at providing a detailed review on the variousin-situ biological and physicochemical methods in terms of fouling control performance, foulingreduction mechanisms and practicability. This involves a comparison of the popular biological controlstrategies including quorum quenching (QQ)) and physicochemical approaches such as NaClObackflushing, hybrid electrochemical MBR and anti-biofouling membrane development, with theanalysis of their potential, existing issues and practicality in full-scale applications. Future work is alsorecommended for developing more sustainable and more widely applicable MBR fouling controlstrategies.

SYNTHESIS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES FROM LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

QIANG ZHANG,YI LIU,JIAQI HUANG,WEIZHONG QIAN,YAO WANG,FEI WEI 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.2

Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, and CO with high purity (> 99.9%) have been widely used to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Here, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was used to synthesize SWCNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The LPG converted into CNTs and other stable hydrocarbons. The BET specific surface area of SWCNT was about 583 m2/g. The as-grown SWCNT showed good graphitization. The graphitization can be further modulated by the growth temperature. Certain amount of sulfur in LPG was a promoter for SWCNT growth. Compared SWCNTs obtained from methane, more semiconductive SWCNTs were synthesized from LPG as carbon source. The LPG is in low price, thus, a methodology to lower the production cost of SWCNTs with hydrocarbon mixtures is realized.