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김양래(YangRae Kim) 물리치료재활과학회 2023 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.12 No.2
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a balance training program in improving balance and functional independence to reduce fall risks among community-dwelling elders. Design: A multi-center randomized controlled trialMethods: A total of 66participants were randomly assigned to a balance training group or a control group. The balance training program, conducted three times a week for 32 weeks, included warm-up exercises, main balance training exercises, and cooldown stretch exercises. Outcome measures included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: The balance training group demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures, indicating enhanced balance, improved functional mobility, and increased independence in activities of daily living. In contrast, the control group showed only slight improvements in BBS, TUGT and MBI scores. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of balance training programs in reducing fall risk and promoting health and wellbeing among community-dwelling elders. Future research should aim to refine the design of these programs and assess the sustainability of the observed improvements.
Cho, Yangrae,Lee, Sunho,Hong, Jong Hui,Kim, Byong Joon,Hong, Woon-Young,Jung, Jongcheol,Lee, Hyang Burm,Sung, Joohon,Kim, Han-Na,Kim, Hyung-Lae,Jung, Jongsun Oxford University Press 2018 Nucleic acids research Vol.46 No.15
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Calling variants from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data or discovering discordant sequences between two NGS data sets is challenging. We developed a computer algorithm, ADIScan1, to call variants by comparing the fractions of allelic reads in a tester to the universal reference genome. We then created ADIScan2 by modifying the algorithm to directly compare two sets of NGS data and predict discordant sequences between two testers. ADIScan1 detected >99.7% of variants called by GATK with an additional 724 393 SNVs. ADIScan2 identified ∼500 candidates of discordant sequences in each of two pairs of the monozygotic twins. About 200 of these candidates were included in the ∼2800 predicted by VarScan2. We verified 66 true discordant sequences among the candidates that ADIScan2 and VarScan2 exclusively predicted. ADIScan2 detected many discordant sequences overlooked by VarScan2 and Mutect, which specialize in detecting low frequency mutations in genetically heterogeneous cancerous tissues. Numbers of verified sequences alone were >5 times more than expected based on recently estimated mutation rates from whole genome sequences. Estimated post-zygotic mutation rates were 1.68 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> in this study. ADIScan1 and 2 would complement existing tools in screening causative mutations of diverse genetic diseases and comparing two sets of genome sequences, respectively.</P>
How the Necrotrophic Fungus <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> Kills Plant Cells Remains an Enigma
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MICROBIOLOGY 2015 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.14 No.4
<P><I>Alternaria</I> species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some are plant pathogens. Seven pathotypes of <I>Alternaria alternata</I> use secondary metabolites of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors. These toxins kill host cells prior to colonization. Genes associated with toxin synthesis reside on conditionally dispensable chromosomes, supporting the notion that pathogenicity might have been acquired several times by <I>A. alternata</I>. <I>Alternaria brassicicola</I>, however, seems to employ a different mechanism. Evidence on the use of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors remains tenuous, even after a diligent search aided by full-genome sequencing and efficient reverse-genetics approaches. Similarly, no individual genes encoding lipases or cell wall-degrading enzymes have been identified as strong virulence factors, although these enzymes have been considered important for fungal pathogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of toxins, lipases, and cell wall-degrading enzymes and their roles in the pathogenesis of <I>A. brassicicola</I> compared to those of other pathogenic fungi. It also describes a set of genes that affect pathogenesis in <I>A. brassicicola</I>. They are involved in various cellular functions that are likely important in most organisms and probably indirectly associated with pathogenesis. Deletion or disruption of these genes results in weakly virulent strains that appear to be sensitive to the defense mechanisms of host plants. Finally, this review discusses the implications of a recent discovery of three important transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and the putative downstream genes that they regulate.</P>
Namjeong Cho,Yangrae Kim 한국전문물리치료학회 2023 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.30 No.3
Background: In terms of physical performance, elastic tape (ET) is known to contribute to injury prevention and performance enhancement. Objects: This study aimed to compare and analyze the effect on lower extremity muscle activ-ity of young adult women with and without ET during squats. Methods: In this study, six healthy, young women were recruited as participants in a univer-sity laboratory. Participants were allocated to two groups of three after measuring muscle ac-tivity in a pre-test, and the experiment was conducted for a total of two weeks (two sessions). First, 10 half squats were taped once in the first week, and 10 half squats were performed without taping in the second week. The other group did this in reverse and measured muscle activity after the squat was over. Results: As a result of this study, there was no significant difference in the quadriceps with or without ET (Z = –0.11, p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was found in hamstring (Z = –0.31, p > 0.05). Conclusion: No beneficial effect was found on changes in muscle activity following ET ap-plication during squats. Further studies require randomized controlled trials that increase the number of participants and the intensity of the intervention, and measure pain, function, and performance rather than muscle properties depending on the biomechanical lifting mecha-nism.
Sanghoon Kim,Yangrae Kim,Yongyoun Kim 국제물리치료연구학회 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.2
Background: Vibration exercise after ankle surgery improves proprioception and ankle muscle strength through vibration stimulation. Objective: To examine the effects of vibration exercise on the ankle stability. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The Vibration exercise program was conducted 12 weeks and 3 times a week. Ankle joint proprioceptive sensory test and Isokinetic muscle strength test were performed using Biodex system pro Ⅲ to measure plantar flexion / dorsiflexion and eversion / inversion motion. Results: The result of isokinetic test of ankle joint is showed significant improvement in all measurement items, such as leg flexion, lateral flexion, external and internal muscle forces, compared to previous ones by performing vibration movements for 12 weeks. However, in the comparison group, plantar flexor (30°), eversion muscle (120°), inversion (30°) of limb muscle strength were significantly improvedcompared with the previous phase; was no significant difference in dorsi-flexion. There was no significant difference between groups in all the items. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the effects of rehabilitation exercise on soccer players who had reconstructed with an ankle joint ligament injury through vibration exercise device. As a result, we could propose an effective exercise method to improve the ability, and confirmed the applicability as an appropriate exercise program to prevent ankle injuries and help quick return.
Kim, Sanghoon,Kim, Yangrae,Kim, Yongyoun International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2019 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.10 No.2
Background: Vibration exercise after ankle surgery improves proprioception and ankle muscle strength through vibration stimulation. Objective: To examine the effects of vibration exercise on the ankle stability. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The Vibration exercise program was conducted 12 weeks and 3 times a week. Ankle joint proprioceptive sensory test and Isokinetic muscle strength test were performed using Biodex system pro III to measure plantar flexion / dorsiflexion and eversion / inversion motion. Results: The result of isokinetic test of ankle joint is showed significant improvement in all measurement items, such as leg flexion, lateral flexion, external and internal muscle forces, compared to previous ones by performing vibration movements for 12 weeks. However, in the comparison group, plantar flexor ($30^{\circ}$), eversion muscle ($120^{\circ}$), inversion ($30^{\circ}$) of limb muscle strength were significantly improved compared with the previous phase; was no significant difference in dorsi-flexion. There was no significant difference between groups in all the items. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the effects of rehabilitation exercise on soccer players who had reconstructed with an ankle joint ligament injury through vibration exercise device. As a result, we could propose an effective exercise method to improve the ability, and confirmed the applicability as an appropriate exercise program to prevent ankle injuries and help quick return.