外裝 材料를 銅板으로 한 龕室 제작 연구 : 천주교 내의 금속공예 중에서 in the metal art of Roman Catholic

朱禮卿 건국대학교부설조형연구소 1992 조형연구 Vol.1 No.-

A tabernacle which stands a symbol for various religious meanings was manufactured using copper sheet of inherent plasticity as a surface material. The advantages of copper sheet which contribute the intended use was evaluated along with the points that has been raised. Due to the characteristic malleability of the copper it can give a diversified expressions by providing the ease of shaping and various techniques therewith while the final product can be kept relatively light and manufactured cheap without sacrificing the original function of the tabernacle. In contrast, the needs for multiple inner supporting layers to strengthen the protective function of the tabernacle and the trained skills to be coped with are the major obstacle. Special efforts have been concentrated to impart the traditional known symbols of the christian churches followed by expressing the emblematic characteristics of the tabernacle through the implicative modern formative arts. In addition to the abovementioned tabernacle, there are also many possible spaces to be sought for the artistic expressions through the applied arts in the field of religious art.

안면부에 발생한 비색소성 흑색종 2례

한예식,김보현,이정윤,안희창 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.1

Amelanotic melanoma is extremely rare and more aggressive than similarly staged pigmented lesion. It has been estimated that 2 percent of all melanoma is clinically amelanotic. The authors recently experienced 2 cases of amelanotic melanomas. An amelanotic melanoma of the left lower eyelid was widely excised, and reconstructed with the nasal mucochondral graft and Mustard cheek flap. Until 33month after the operation, no metastatic lesion was found and well being state. An amelanotic melanoma on the right buccal mucosa, in the other patients was widely excised and reconstructed with bilobed forearm flap. 10month later lung metastasis was noted.

혼합洗劑의 洗濯性과 세탁效率에 관한 연구

장애신,최철호 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 1994 生活科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine oily soil removal from cotton, polyester, cotton/polyester knitted fabrics at a range of wash temperatures and wash cycles with commercial home laundering detergents of similar formulations. Removal of oily soil was determined by measuring the whiteness of solied and washed fabrics. The whiteness has been measured on a color difference meter. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the relationships between the measures of oily soil removal. The results were as follows : Oily soil removal of the soiled cotton knitted fabric was influenced by washing temperature rather than by washing time and was occurred at the low temperature of 10˚C and 27˚C without great difficulties. Synthetic oily soil was more difficult to remove from polyester than from any other fabrics. The effect of washing at 49˚C was worse than that of washing at the lower temperatures in terms of energy efficiency of laundry.

조선 실학시대 尹臣間의 학문 활동 : 『詩經講義』를 통해 본 正祖와 丁若鏞의 경우 Focusing on the academic encounter of king Jeongjo and Jeong Yak-yong based on 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui」

韓睿嫄 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2003 남명학연구 Vol.16 No.-

본고는 조선의 경학사에 일획을 그은 君王인 정조와 신하인 정약용의 학문적 만남을 『詩經講義』라는 텍스트를 통하여 조망한 논문이다. 이들의 만남에 주목하는 이유는 통상의 經筵과는 달랐기 때문이다. 군왕이 자신의 의도로 선택한 인재와 질의응답을 통하여 새로운 경학의 세계를 확장하는 보기 드문 케이스이다. 우선 전통적 帝王敎育의 유형으로 정도전·권근·이황·이율곡 등의 사례를 들어 조선시대 경연이 추구하였던 이상적 교육상을 알아보고, 이것에 대응하는 역대 왕들의 경연 참석 상황을 살펴보았다. 정조의 캐릭터는 한마디로 말하면 好學의 學者적 君王이라고 할 수 있다. 이런 정조의 유교적 이상정치와 현실의 실현이라는 접점에 정약용을 비롯한 초계문신이 위치한다, 초계문신 뿐 만 아니라, 정조의 정치적 학문 활동에는 학파·지연·신분의 차를 초월하여 다양한 유자가 참여한다. 이러한 열린 학문 활동은 곧 당시 사회의 개방성에의 지향을 엿보게 함과 동시에 보편 문화의 성숙을 알려준다. 『시경강의』를 통하여 살펴본 두 사람의 기본적 경학관은 상당히 유사하다. 양쪽 다 주자의 경학적 업적을 존중하지만, 논리상 부합하지 않는 사항에 대해서는 회의와 반론을 제기학 있다. 물론 정조는 정약용만큼 독창적인 견해를 제시하고 있지는 않지만, 정조의 개방적 경학관에 힘입어 주자를 극복하는 정약용의 독창적 견해가 빛을 볼 수 있었다. 다시 이러한 脫朱子의 경학관은 정조시대의 새로운 학풍으로 자리 매김을 하게 되었다. 정약용의 『시경강의』의 내용분석을 통하여 정치와 사화에 관한 두 사람이 견해를 알아보았다. 특히 '賢人'에 있어서 정조가 유교의 전통적 賢人觀을 견지하고 있음에 비하여, 정약용은 어느 분야에서나 기능이든 학문이든 할 수 있는 데까지 매진하여 어느 경지에 도달하면 그를 현인이라고 보고 있다. 이는 고착화된 신분 사회이 통념에서 벗어난 견해로 받아들여진다. 그런데 '安民'의 문제에 있어서는 두 사람 모두 유사한 시각을 노정한다. 安民의 기본조건으로 治者계층의 德化를 중요시한다. 堯舜의 至治를 정치의 이상형으로 제시하고 그 실현을 위한 현실적 방법으로 治者는 古學의 가르침을 실천에 옮기는 것으로 想定한다. 이러한 본고의 고찰을 통하여 정조와 정약용과 같은 군신간의 학문적 활동은 글자그대로 敎學相長적인 만남이며, 조선경학의 실학시대를 만개 시킨 動力이 되었음을 알 수 있다. Through scrutiny of the text named 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui」, this study examined the academic encounter of king Jeongjo and his subject Jeong Yak-yong, both of which were remarkably active in the Chinese classics history. Their encounter was interesting because they met through a distinctive court seminar which was different from general ones. The king tried to expand the new world of the Chineses classics study through discussion consisting of questions and answers with the one whom he selected in the seminar. This study presented cases of Through scrutiny of the text named 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui」, this study examined the academic encounter of king Jeongjo and his subject Jeong Yak-yong, both of which were remarkably active in the Chinese classics history. Their encounter was interesting because they met through a distinctive court seminar which was different from general ones. The king tried to expand the new world of the Chineses classics study through discussion consisting of questions and answers with the one whom he selected in the seminar. This study presented cases of Jeong Do-jeon, Gwon Geun, Lee Hwang and Lee Yul-gok who were involved in emperial education to understand the ideal education pursued by the court seminar of Joseon Dynasty and correspondingly, examined kings' participation in the seminar. King Jeongjo was academic-oriented. He suggested ideal Confucian politics and attempted to realize the ideal, and civil ministers, including Jeong Yak-yong, followed him. Confucian scholars from various schools as well as the civil ministers participated in lung's academically-oriented political activities beyond school, region, and status. Such open academic activities indicated that at that time, culture was mature and society was open to everybody. The basic views towards the Chineses classics study of the two were considerably similar when they were examined through 'Si-gyeong-gang-oui,. hey respected Juja's achievements in Chinese classics, but presented doubts and objections about the suggestions with logical inconsistency. Of course, the king's view was not as original as that of Mr. Jeong, but Jeong's brilliant view to overcome Juja was supported by the view of king Jeongjo. The new views on Chinese classics, which were a departure from Juja's, became a new trend of king Jeongjo's period. This study examined the two's views about politics and society through analysing the text of 「Si-gyeong-gang-oui,. In particular, king Jeongjo insisted on the traditional Confucian view about the good and wise king while Mi. Jeong considered any person that reached to the top through their best efforts in techniques or academic activities as the good and wise kings. It was thought that the latter's view was beyond the fixed idea of a status-oriented society. However, for the issue about the appeasemeent of the people, the two had similar perspectives. They considered a virtue of the ruling class as a basic requirement for the appeasement of the people. They suggested that the politics governed by King Yo and Soon was ideal, and to realize the ideal, the ruling class followed ancient teaching. Through the review of the text, this study concluded that academic encounter of king and servant encouraged academic development and were energies to promote the realism at full bloom.

三國遺事 所載 讚詩를 통해 본 一然의 文學에 관한 연구

韓睿嫄 한국고시가문학회 2004 한국시가문화연구 Vol.0 No.13

In the later Period of Koryo(高麗) regime which is under the control of Won(元) empire, Ilyon(一然, 1206~1289) appreciated the history of his own country subjectively, and consequently wrote the Samguk Yusa(三國遺事). It is a sort of complication literature which contains diverse, precisely selected, affairs of politics, society, and it as Ilyon's own literature. But we can appreciate the Ilyon's literature accurately only through the Song of Praise of the Samguk Yusa, Which is a sort of concise verse 7 chinese characters. The Song of praise shows the Ilyon's critics the importance of it. Samguk Yusa contains 48 Song's of praise in all. In spite of it's diversity of inhalt. It is based on the reflection and affection of humanity, His the song of prise shows divers descriptive characterastics, and he make it more impressional by virtue of this descriptive beauty. The Ilyon's literature is very important in the Buddhist literature, and liyon is, as a poet of koryo, an eminent author in the history of Literature of chinese.

중학교 한문과 평가의 문제점과 개선 방안

한예원 한국한문교육학회 2002 한문교육논집 Vol.19 No.-

소고에서는 한문과 평가활동의 현재 상황과 그 문제점을 적출하고, 그 개선방안에 관한 전망을 추론하고자 한다. 그를 위해 우선 6·7차 교육과정의 한문교과서 평가문항을 분석하였다. 분석의 기준은 각 교육과정에서 제시하고 있는 교육목표와 평가지침과 평가목표 중, 중요하다고 생각되는 다음과 같은 항목이다. 6차 교과서에서는 '언어생활의 활용성'과 '가치관의 확립'이라는 두 가지 항목, 7차 교과서에서는 위의 두 가지 항목 외에, '인성과 창의성의 함양'과 '세계화·정보화', 그리고 '학습부담의 경감'이라는 방향에서 평가유형을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석결과, 6차 교과서 평가문항의 특색은, 몇 개의 정형화된 평가유형이 단순 반복한다는 사실을 알았다. 특히 동음이의어를 평가하는 문항이 절대적으로 부족한 설정이다. 결론적으로 한자어를 언어생활에 활용하려는 6차 교육과정의 주요한 개정 방향은 6차 교과서에서는 그다지 많이 수용되지 않았다고 하겠다. 실제 교육현장에는 난이도를 조절할 수 있는 토론형 평가와, 조사 범위를 조절할 수 있는 조사형 평가 유형의 개발이 절실하다. 6차 교과서의 위와 같은 미비점은 7차 교과서에서 상당히 개선되고 보정되었다. 그런데 7차 교육과정의 주요 개정 방향의 하나인 학습자의 '학습부담의 경감'에 대해서는 좀더 연구와 노력이 필요하다. 학습부담을 경감하는 취지에서는 학습내용의 복습적 차원에서의 평가가 아니라, 교육내용속의 한 부분으로 평가의 위상을 전환하는 것도 고려되어야 하겠다. 소고에서는 한문교과의 개선방안으로, 중학교 '재량활동' 속에 한문과목의 시간 배당을 확고히 할 필요성이 제시하여 보았다. 그러기 위해서는 실제적 이용이 가능한 한문교육이 구현 되어야 한다고 전망한다. 여기에 그 방법의 하나로 '문화교육'이라는 코드로 한문과의 내용을 재정립하고, 좀 더 평이하면서도 흥미롭고 깊이가 있는 교재의 개발에 노력할 필요성이 있다. The objectives of the present thesis were to examine the current state of assessment of Chinese literature, to identify problems in it, and to find solutions for the problems. In analyzing questions for assessment in the 6th and 7th textbook of Chinese literature, the criteria of analysis were ① two items in the 6th textbook, utilization in language life and establishment of a value system and ② three items in the 7th textbook, development of personality and creativity, globalization and information, and reduction or workload. According to the result of the analysis, the characteristics of questions for assessment in the 6th textbook were that there are typical assessment styles appearing repeatedly, and that assessment for homonyms is insufficient. That is, the major intention of the 6th Education Program to utilize Chinese characters in language life was not reflected sufficiently in the textbook. In addition, it was necessary to develop discussion-type assessment that can adjust the difficulty and investigation-type assessment that can adjust the scope of investigation. The above problems in the 6th textbook were largely corrected and complemented in the 7th textbook. However, reduction of workload, which was the major direction of improvement in the 7th Education Program, should be studied further. To pursue the aim, assessment should be made as a part of teaching, not for review. To improve the textbook of Chinese literature, this study suggested the necessity for reforming education programs and developing textbooks with interesting and profound contends by introducing Chinese literature education to middle schools in a concept of cultural education.

거지증의 치험례

한예식,김보현,이정윤,안희창 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.1

Macrodactyly is one of the rare congenital anomalies of the upper extrimity. Fastt found 19 cases among 1476 patients with congenital anomalies of the upperextrimity, an incidence of 0.9 percent. The index finger is most commonly invlove. Multiple digits are involved two to and the index-long fingers. The authors recently experienced one case of macrodactyly involving the thumb and index finger in 20 year old female patient. The patient was treated with finger shortening using multiple corrective step ostectomies with the preservation of joints. We present this case with a review fo the literature.

Anna Letitia Barbauld의 시에 나타난 여성적 글쓰기와 결혼관

심예지 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2007 여성연구논총 Vol.22 No.-

The theme of matrimony is consistently central to Anna Letitia Barbauld' s literary world. Human relationship-particularly those between males and females through married life-constitute the material of her works. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the aspects of marriage in Anna Letitia Barbauld' s poetry and to investigate the role of sacrifice in marriage. In her writing, women are no longer regarded as innocent and begin to perceive the real world through their sacrifice. It is believed that they should bear responsibility in order to achieve a real marriage. Although feminist criticism has evolved during the past few decades, this evolution has not been structured and linear. However, feminist critics must document the reasons for their revolt. In part, this task is of historical and sociological significance, as it proves that social structures discriminate against women who choose to write. I Anna Letitia Barbauld' s poetry, one finds the voices of various women who speak out against such discrimination. In conclusion, Mrs. Barbauld regards bitter experiences or suffering as necessary steps for attaining a real marriage.

교양영어교육의 실태와 개선방향

이예식,임홍미 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.3

최근 정보화 · 세계회의 추세로 국내 영어교육 환경은 급격한 변화를 겪고 있으며 대부분의 대학들도 기존의 형식적인 대학영어교육에 탈피하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이에 본고는 교양영어교육의 실태파악과 설문조사를 통한 학생들의 요구와 기대치를 수렴하여 현행 교양영어교육의 문제점과 개선방향을 모색한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the present state of general English education and to discuss how to improve the general English programs in order that the students can get better equipped with English proficiency. For this purpose, students of A university were questionnaired. The results of this questionnaire shows that most of the students recognized that learning English is very important and necessary in college education. Furthermore, they weren't satisfied with the current general English programs, pointing out several problems that should be further improved. Some recommendable suggestions based on the questionnaire are summarized as follows: First, the basic goal of the general English education should be to teach students "four skills" to improve their English communicative abilities. Second, we should change the general English courses into compulsory ones, increasing credit hours in order that students can have more opportunities to be exposured in the English environments. Third, we should place students of the same or similar proficiency level in one class, reducing the class size with a view to promoting more interaction between students and the instructor. Forth, we should offer a variety of general English courses. So students can choose the courses such as ESP/EAP-based education so as to satisfy the needs of each student. Fifth, we should provide many kinds of technological aids to encourage the students to willingly and positively participate in class. Finally, we should establish an authorized department to manage and supervise effectively the general English education program.

漢文敎科書의 文學敎育 比重

한예원 한국한문교육학회 2003 한문교육논집 Vol.20 No.-

본고는 문학교육의 관점에서 7차 교육과정을 면밀히 검토하고, 한문교과서에서 문학교육이 어느 정도의 비중을 갖고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 이런 작업은 앞으로 한문과 교육과정을 개정함에 기초자료로 도움이 될 것이며, 또 학습교재 및 지도방법에도 참고가 될 것이다. 제 7차 한문과 교육과정에서 문학교육의 방향이나 목표는 알아보기 힘들다. 이유는 국어과목의 도구교과로서의 한문교육을 목표로 삼고 있기 때문에 한문을 언어적 측면으로 조망하면서도 문학교육에 관해서는 직접적인 언급이 없기 때문이다. 중ㆍ고등학교 한문과 교육과정에서는 문학교육의 목표가 직접적으로 제시되어 있지 않지만, '한문 고전'에는 비교적 자세하게 제시되어 있다. 특히 한문영역의 '산문'을 세분하여 '문학류의 산문을 풀이하고 감상하기'라고 명시하였다. 다만 아쉬운 것은 이 '한문 고전'은 극히 제한된 대상만이 학습하기 때문에 그 효과가 미비하다는 점이다. 한문 교육의 정체성의 입장에서 한문과의 문학교육 목표를 재고한다면, '특수한' 한문 고전의 문학교육 목표가 한문과의 '일반적' 교육목표에 반영되어야 한다고 생각한다. 한편, 위와 같은 한문의 문학교육에서 기대되는 효과는, 한문의 독해 능력을 기초로 전통문화를 이해하는 바탕을 마련하고, 동양 문화의 진정한 이해를 통해 세계화에 기여하게 된다는 것이다. 이에 향후의 과제로 세가지를 제안한다. 첫째는, 교과내용의 선정에 문학을 다양한 장르를 소개하는 것이다. 둘째는, 문학교육에 적합한 다양한 학습방법을 개발한다. 셋째는, 문학교육을 위한 보완 자료를 개발한다. So go scrupulously investigated the seventh educational course in the aspect of educating literature, and examined how much relative importance it has. Such process will be helpful as source materials for the coming revisions of the education course of Chinese composition. Also, it will also be referred to in the teaching materials and the teaching method. It is hard to notice the course and goal in educating literature in the seventh education course of Chinese composition. This is because it has its goal in educating Chinese composition as an implement to studying Korean, and even though we look out over on Chinese composition in a linguistical aspect, there is no direct reference of educating literature. Even though the goal of educating literature is not directly presented in th junior high and high school Chinese composition educational course, it is relatively specifically presented in 'Ancient Chinese.' Especially, by subdividing 'prose', it is clearly stated as 'interpreting and appreciating literary prose.' Merely, the inconvenience is that this 'Ancient Chinese' can be learned by remarkably limited subjects, and therefore its effect is insufficient. If we reconsider the goal of educating literature in Chinese composition in a point of view of the nature of identity, I believe that the 'special' goal of educating literature of ancient Chinese should be reflected to the 'general' goal of education. On the other hand, the expected effects of such literature education in Chinese composition, will provide a basis of understanding the traditional culture with th foundation of the ability to comprehend Chinese. Therefore, through a true understanding of the Asian culture, it will contribute to globalization. I present three propositions henceforth. First, we must introduce various genre of literature in the text books. Second, we must develop various methods of learning for educating literature. Third, we must develop supplementary materials for educating literature.