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Ya’arit Bokek-Cohen 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.20 No.2
This article demonstrates social mechanisms that contribute to the expropriation of remarried war widows’ symbolic capital in Israeli society. Its main arguments are based on an interpretation of the marriage habitus of remarried Israeli war widows. Twenty-eight people (15 war widows, 12 husbands, and one matchmaker who “specializes” in helping widows remarry) were interviewed. Using Bourdieusian analytical theory, I analyze the marriage habitus of the remarried war widows. These women manage to convert their symbolic capital into social capital and remarry high-status never-married men. This marriage habitus constitutes a major mechanism that deflects their symbolic capital and facilitates its transmission to their second husbands. Once a widow has remarried, she loses a large part of the symbolic capital because of the accepted notion that remarriage contributes significantly to her family’s rehabilitation. This article provides some insights into the gender norms that contribute to the expropriation of the widow’s symbolic capital and preserving gender inequalities through the reproduction of male symbolic capital in the Zionist state.
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Women’s Sex-Objectification during the Matchmaking Process in Israel
Ya’arit Bokek-Cohen 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2012 Asian Women Vol.28 No.2
According to Jewish traditional thought, there is great concern that beauty and external appearances can lead to manifestations of evil and promiscuity; this attitude is expressed in the proverb “Grace is deceitful and beauty is vain.” Women’s beauty is considered a positive phenomenon only when it is subordinated to the higher goal of finding a mate and maintaining a harmonious relationship with a husband. This article is based on findings from a qualitative study that sought to explore the way national-religious Jewish matchmakers act toward the issue of beauty. These matchmakers face a beauty dilemma as they try to comply with their male clients’ exacting and steep demands regarding the desired bride’s beauty, while at the same time they wish to adhere to this Jewish religious ethos. Twenty-five national-religious Jewish matchmakers in Israel were interviewed. Findings show that they tend to cope with this dilemma by using two complementary strategies: On one hand they try, albeit unsuccessfully, to persuade their male clients to decrease the importance they attached to the appearance of the desired bride. On the other hand, they demonstrate a kind of pragmatic acceptance and compliance with the demands of their male clients; most of them tend to advise their female clients on how to improve their outward attractiveness in accordance to generally accepted standards of beauty, in order to promote their female clients’ chances of finding a groom. In doing so, they unconsciously contribute to the perpetuation of the double standard of beauty and the sex objectification of women.
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BOKEK-COHEN, Ya’arit 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.20 No.2
This article demonstrates social mechanisms that contribute to the expropriation of remarried war widows’ symbolic capital in Israeli society. Its main arguments are based on an interpretation of the marriage habitus of remarried Israeli war widows. Twenty-eight people (15 war widows, 12 husbands, and one matchmaker who “specializes” in helping widows remarry) were interviewed. Using Bourdieusian analytical theory, I analyze the marriage habitus of the remarried war widows. These women manage to convert their symbolic capital into social capital and remarry high-status never-married men. This marriage habitus constitutes a major mechanism that deflects their symbolic capital and facilitates its transmission to their second husbands. Once a widow has remarried, she loses a large part of the symbolic capital because of the accepted notion that remarriage contributes significantly to her family’s rehabilitation. This article provides some insights into the gender norms that contribute to the expropriation of the widow’s symbolic capital and preserving gender inequalities through the reproduction of male symbolic capital in the Zionist state. המאמר מדגים מנגנונים חברתיים התורמים להפקעת ההון הסימבולי מאלמנות מלחמה וטרור בחברה הישראלית. הטיעונים העיקריים במאמר מבוססים על ניתוח ופרשנות של הביטוס הנישואין הרווח בקרב אלמנות מלחמה וטרור שנישאו בשנית. עשרים ושמונה אנשים(חמש-עשרה אלמנות ושנים-עשר מקרב בעליהן)וכן שדכנית ה’מתמחה’ בסיוע לאלמנות להינשא רואיינו במחקר זה. בהתבסס על הכלים האנאליטיים השאובים מתיאוריית השדות של בורדייה, ערכתי ניתוח להביטוס הנישואין הרווח בקרב המרואיינים הללו. אלמנות אלו הצליחו להמיר את ההון הסימבולי שלהן להון חברתי ולהינשא בשנית לרוב לגברים רווקים מהמעמד הבינוני-גבוה. הביטוס נישואין זה מהווה מנגנון עיקרי אשר מסיט מהן את ההון הסימבולי ומסייע להעברתו אל הבעל השני. לאחר שהאלמנה נישאת בשנית, היא מאבדת חלק ניכר מההון הסימבולי שלה בשל התפיסה המקובלת אודות נישואין בשנית כתורמים לשיקומה ושיקום משפחתה. המאמר מציג מספר תובנות אודות הנורמות המגדריות התורמות להפקעת ההון הסימבולי של האלמנות הללו, אשר בכך משמרות אי שוויון מגדרי באמצעות שעתוק ההון הסימבולי הגברי במדינה הציונית.
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