Confirmation of Y haplogroup tree topologies with newly suggested Y-SNPs for the C2, O2b and O3a subhaplogroups

Kwon, S.Y.,Lee, H.Y.,Lee, E.Y.,Yang, W.I.,Shin, K.J. Elsevier Science 2015 FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS Vol.19 No.-

Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are useful markers for reconstructing male lineages through hierarchically arranged allelic sets known as haplogroups, and are thereby widely used in the fields such as human evolution, anthropology and forensic genetics. The Y haplogroup tree was recently revised with newly suggested Y-SNP markers for designation of several subgroups of haplogroups C2, O2b and O3a, which are predominant in Koreans. Therefore, herein we analyzed these newly suggested Y-SNPs in 545 unrelated Korean males who belong to the haplogroups C2, O2b or O3a, and investigated the reconstructed topology of the Y haplogroup tree. We were able to confirm that markers L1373, Z1338/JST002613-27, Z1300, CTS2657, Z8440 and F845 define the C2 subhaplogroups, C2b, C2e, C2e1, C2e1a, C2e1b and C2e2, respectively, and that markers F3356, L682, F11, F238/F449 and F444 define the O subhaplogroups O2b1, O2b1b, O3a1c1, O3a1c2 and O3a2c1c, respectively. Among six C2 subhaplogroups (C2b, C2e, C2e1*, C2e1a, C2e1b and C2e2), the C2e haplogroup and its subhaplogroups were found to be predominant, and among the four O2b subhaplogroups (O2b*, O2b1*, O2b1a and O2b1b), O2b1b was most frequently observed. Among the O3a subhaplogroups, O3a2c1 was predominant and it was further divided into the subhaplogroups O3a2c1a and O3a2c1c with a newly suggested marker. However, the JST002613-27 marker, which had been known to define the haplogroup C2f, was found to be an ancestral marker of the C2e haplogroup, as is the Z1338 marker. Also, the M312 marker for the O2b1 haplogroup designation was replaced by F3356, because all of the O2b1 haplotypes showed a nucleotide change at F3356, but not at M312. In addition, the F238 marker was always observed to be phylogenetically equivalent to F449, while both of the markers were assigned to the O3a1c2 haplogroup. The confirmed phylogenetic tree of this study with the newly suggested Y-SNPs could be valuable for anthropological and forensic investigations of East Asians including Koreans.

Investigation into the sequence structure of 23 Y chromosomal STR loci using massively parallel sequencing

Kwon, S.Y.,Lee, H.Y.,Kim, E.H.,Lee, E.Y.,Shin, K.J. Elsevier Science 2016 FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS Vol.25 No.-

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can produce massively parallel sequencing (MPS) data for many targeted regions with a high depth of coverage, suggesting its successful application to the amplicons of forensic genetic markers. In the present study, we evaluated the practical utility of MPS in Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) analysis using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system. The multiplex PCR system simultaneously amplified 24 Y-chromosomal markers, including the PowerPlex<SUP>®</SUP> Y23 loci (DYS19, DYS385ab, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, DYS635, DYS643, and YGATAH4) and the M175 marker with the small-sized amplicons ranging from 85 to 253bp. The barcoded libraries for the amplicons of the 24 Y-chromosomal markers were produced using a simplified PCR-based library preparation method and successfully sequenced using MPS on a MiSeq<SUP>®</SUP> System with samples from 250 unrelated Korean males. The genotyping concordance between MPS and the capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, as well as the sequence structure of the 23 Y-STRs, were investigated. Three samples exhibited discordance between the MPS and CE results at DYS385, DYS439, and DYS576. There were 12 Y-STR loci that showed sequence variations in the alleles by a fragment size determination, and the most varied alleles occurred in DYS389II with a different sequence structure in the repeat region. The largest increase in gene diversity between the CE and MPS results was in DYS437 at +34.41%. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, and deletions (indels) were observed in the flanking regions of DYS481, DYS576, and DYS385, respectively. Stutter and noise ratios of the 23 Y-STRs using the developed MPS system were also investigated. Based on these results, the MPS analysis system used in this study could facilitate the investigation into the sequences of the 23 Y-STRs in forensic genetics laboratories.

돼지 卵子의 透明帶에 대한 單一클론抗體生産과 그 特性에 關한 硏究

金鐘培,劉永春,金昌圭,權五中,鄭盛元,鄭吉生 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1991 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.16 No.-

本 試驗은 單一클론抗體의 강한 特異性과 抗體性質의 不變性을 이용하여 發生學的 側面에서 哺乳動物 卵子의 透明帶의 機能과 構造를 이해하고, 또한 種特異的인 精子 受容體의 存在 및 生化學的 構造를 규명하기 위한 기초연구로서, 돼지 卵子의 透明帶를 免疫原으로 하여 BABL/c 생쥐로부터 單一클론抗體를 생산하고 그 특성을 구명하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 3마리의 BABL/c 생쥐(YⅠ, YⅡ, ZI)에 돼지卵子의 透明帶를 免疫化하고, 複合抗體 生成을 확인한 후 생쥐의 脾臟細胞와 Myeloma(SP2/O-Ag14)를 polyethylene glycol를 融合을 실시한 결과 각각 25.8%, 54.5% 그리고 59.7%의 融合效率을 나타내었으며, ELISQ에 의해 陽性反應을 조사한 결과 각각 17.3%, 32.6% 그리고 6.2% 陽性反應 效率을 나타내었다. 2) YI에서 강한 陽性反應을 보인 6개의 well에 대한 cloning을 실시하고 抗體檢證을 행한 결과 20.8% ∼ 48.4%의 Cloning效率과 54.6% ∼ 82%의 陽性反應 效率을 나타내었다. 3) 강한 陽性反應을 나타낸 항체에 대해 sandwich ELISA法에 의해 isotype을 決定하였던바 2E93C(YⅠ), 3E83E7(YⅠ), 4E3(YⅡ)각각 IgG₂b, IgG₂a, IgM으로 확인되었다. 4) Isotype이 決定된 2E93C9(YⅠ), 3E84E7(YⅠ), 4E3(YⅡ)의 세포를 생쥐의 腹腔에 주사하여 얻은 腹水를 indirect ELISA法에 의해 titer를 決定한 결과 모두 1:400,000 이상의 높은 titer를 나타내었다. 5) 處理區로서 單一클론抗體의 腹水와 對照區로서 normal mouse serum이 각각 2%씩 함유된 배양액속에서 난자를 배양한 후 顯徵鏡下에서 관찰했을 때 對照區에서 배양된 난자의 표면은 정상적인 형태를 나타냈으나 處理區에서 배양된 卵子는 표면에 뚜렷한 沈澱層을 형성하였다. 6) 處理區와 對照區 卵子를 Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC가 1% 함유된 배양액속에서 배양하고 洗滌한 후 螢光顯徵鏡下에서 관찰한 바 處理區의 卵子는 透明帶 주위에서 螢光이 나타났으나, 對照區에서는 나타나지 않았다. This study was carried out ot produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies against porcine zona pellucida, and undertaken as a basic study to develop immunocontraceptive vaccine and to investigate the function of zana pellucida in early fertilization process. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Spleen cells of three BALB/C mice(YⅠ, YⅡ and ZI) which were immunized with porcine zona pelucida were fused with myeloma cells(SP2/O-Ag14) by polyethylene glycol. At the result of fusion, fusion efficiency was 25.8 , 54.5% and 59.7% and positive efficiency 17.3%, 32.6% and 6.2%, respectively. 2. Cloning efficiency was shown to be from 20.8% to 48.4% and positive efficiency of them were 54.6% to 82%. 3. Sub-isotypes of three strong positive antibodies, 2E93C(YⅠ), 3E83E7(YⅠ) and 4E3(YⅡ) were determined by sandwich ELISA method and shown to be as IgG2b, IgH2a and IgM, respectively. 4. The titers of three ascitic fluids containing antibodies, 2E93C9(YⅠ), 3E84E7(YⅠ) and 4E3(YⅡ) were determined by indirect ELISA and all of them showed above 1:400,000. 5. The layer of precipitate was observed on the zona incubated with medium containing 2% ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody while the eggs treated with 2% normal mouse serum did not. 6. Porcine eggs incubated with medium containing 2% ascitic fluid of monoclonal antibody and followed by subsequent incubation with Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-FITC conjugate showed strong fluorescent light on the zona surface while the zona of normal mouse serum-treated eggs did not show fluorescence.

Pretreatment HBeAg level and an early decrease in HBeAg level predict virologic response to entecavir treatment for HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B

Kwon, J. H.,Jang, J. W.,Lee, S.,Lee, J.,Chung, K. W.,Lee, Y. S.,Choi, J. Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of viral hepatitis Vol.19 No.2

<P><B>Summary. </B> There are few reports on hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) titres during nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment. We investigated the changes in HBeAg levels in patients treated with entecavir and the usefulness of HBeAg quantification for predicting antiviral response. Ninety‐five consecutive HBeAg‐positive patients treated with entecavir for more than 48 weeks were enrolled. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg and HBV DNA were assessed at 4‐week intervals to week 24 and thereafter at 12‐week intervals. Virologic response (Y1VR) was defined as an undetectable HBV DNA level at week 48 of therapy. During 48 weeks, HBeAg and HBV DNA level decreased significantly in a biphasic manner and HBsAg level tended to decease. Fifty‐three patients (55.8%) attained Y1VR. Pretreatment HBeAg levels were significantly lower in the Y1VR group than in no Y1VR group. At week 4 and 12 of therapy, 25% and 41.4% of patients showed a decrease of HBeAg levels with >0.5 log<SUB>10</SUB> and >1.0 log<SUB>10</SUB> from baseline, respectively. These patients achieved more Y1VR than those with less decrease of HBeAg levels (97.7%<I>vs</I> 22.2% and 86.2%<I>vs</I> 29.3%, respectively). HBeAg level at week 12 had higher predictive values for Y1VR than HBV DNA level. Multivariate analysis revealed that a pretreatment HBeAg level of <360 PEIU/mL and the reduction in HBeAg level >1.0 log<SUB>10</SUB> at week 12 were associated with Y1VR. These results suggest that pretreatment HBeAg level and an early decrease in HBeAg level are useful measurements for predicting one‐year virologic response during entecavir treatment.</P>

InAs 양자점의 크기에 따른 분광학적 특성

권영수(Y. S. Kwon),임재영(J. Y. Leem),이철로(C. R. Lee),노삼규(S. K. Noh),유연희(Y. H. Ryu),최정우(J. W. Choe),김성만(S. M. Kim),이욱현(U. H. Lee),류동현(D. H. Ryu),이동한(D. H. Lee),박장환(Jang-Hwan Park) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1999 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.8 No.4(1)

MBE(Molecular Beam Epitaxy) 방법으로 InAS 양자점의 크기를 달리하여 성장한 lnAs 양자점의 구조적 특성과 분광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 구조적 특성은 AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy)으로 하였으며, 광학적 특성은 PL(Photoluminescence)로 수행하였다. AFM 측정결과 양자점의 밀도는 2 ML에서 최대 값인 1.1×10¹¹/㎠이다. 양자점의 크기가 증가함에 따라 PL 피크는 적색편이를 하고 있었다. 발광피크의 온도의존성을 조사한 결과 온도의 증가에 따라 발광피크는 낮은 에너지로 이동하였으며, 20 K에서 180 K 구간에서는 발광피크의 FWHM(Full Width at Half Maximum) 값은 감소하였으며, 180 K 이상의 온도에서는 온도의 증가에 따라 FWHM도 증가하였다. 한편 Arrehenius-type function으로 구한 활성화 에너지는 InAs 양자점의 크기가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. We present Photoluminescence (PL) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) image on InAs quantum dots (QDs) having different size which grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). For different size QDs, analysis of the AFM profiles show that the density of QDs was the maximum value (1.1×10¹¹/㎠) at 2.0 ML. In the PL spectra of QDs, it is found that the peak energy decreases with increasing dot size due to the effect of quantum confinement. Temperature dependence of PL intensities show that the PL is quenching and Red shift as the temperature increase. The FWHM range of 20 K~80 K is narrowing with increasing temperature. When temperature is over 180 K, the line-width starts to increase with increasing temperature. At last, temperature dependence of the integrated intensities were fit using the Arrehenius-type function for the activation energy. Fit value of the activation energy was increased with increasing QDs-size.

Overview of KSTAR research progress and future plans toward ITER and K-DEMO

Park, H.K.,Choi, M.J.,Hong, S.H.,In, Y.,Jeon, Y.M.,Ko, J.S.,Ko, W.H.,Kwak, J.G.,Kwon, J.M.,Lee, J.,Lee, J.H.,Lee, W.,Nam, Y.B.,Oh, Y.K.,Park, B.H.,Park, J.K.,Park, Y.S.,Wang, S.J.,Yoo, M.,Yoon, S.W.,B IOP 2019 Nuclear fusion Vol.59 No.11

<P>A decade-long operation of the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) has contributed significantly to the operation of superconducting tokamak devices and the advancement of tokamak physics which will be beneficial for the ITER and K-DEMO programs. Even with limited heating capability, various conventional as well as new operating regimes have been explored and have achieved improved performance. As examples, a long pulse high-confinement mode operation with and without an edge-localized mode (ELM) crash was well over 70 and 30 s, respectively. The unique capabilities of KSTAR allowed it to improve the capability of controlling harmful instabilities, and they have been instrumental in uncovering much new physics. The highlights are that the L/H transition threshold power is sensitive to the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) and insensitive to non-resonant magnetic perturbation. Co-<I>I</I> <SUB>p</SUB> offset rotation dominated by an electron channel predicted by general neoclassical toroidal viscosity theory was confirmed. Improved heat dispersal in a divertor system using three rows of rotating RMP was demonstrated and predictive control of the ELM-crash with <I>a priori</I> modeling was successfully tested. In magnetohydrodynamic physics, validation of the full reconnection model (i.e. <I>q</I> <SUB>0</SUB>  >  1 right after the sawtooth crash) and self-consistent validation of the anisotropic distribution of turbulence amplitude and flow in the presence of the 2/1 island with theoretical models were achieved. The turbulence amplitude induced by RMP was linearly increased with the slow RMP coil current ramp-up time (i.e. the magnetic diffusion time scale). The <I>D</I> <SUB> <I>α</I> </SUB> spikes (i.e. ELM-crash amplitude) was linearly decreased with the turbulence amplitude and not correlated with the perpendicular electron flow. In the turbulence area, a non-diffusive ‘avalanche’ transport event and the role of a quiescent coherent mode in confinement were studied. To accommodate the anticipation of a higher performance of the KSTAR plasmas with the increased heating powers, a new divertor/internal interface with a full active cooling system will be implemented after a full test of the new heating (neutral beam injection II and electron cyclotron heating) and current drive (CD) (Helicon and lower hybrid CD) systems. An upgrade plan for the internal hardware, heating systems and efficient CD system may allow for a long pulse operation of higher performance plasmas at <I>β</I> <SUB>N</SUB>  >  3.0 with <I>f</I> <SUB>bs</SUB> ~ 0.5 and <I>T</I> <SUB>i</SUB>  >  10 keV.</P>

A multiplex PCR system for 13 RM Y-STRs with separate amplification of two different repeat motif structures in DYF403S1a

Lee, E.Y.,Lee, H.Y.,Kwon, S.Y.,Oh, Y.N.,Yang, W.I.,Shin, K.J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE B V AMSTERDAM 2017 FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS Vol.26 No.-

<P>In forensic science and human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have been used as very useful markers. Recently, more Y-STR markers have been analyzed to enhance the resolution power in haplotype analysis, and 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs have been suggested as revolutionary tools that can widen Y-chromosomal application from paternal lineage differentiation to male individualization. We have constructed two multiplex PCR sets for the amplification of 13 RM Y-STRs, which yield small-sized amplicons (<400 bp) and a more balanced PCR efficiency with minimum PCR cycling. In particular, with the developed multiplex PCR system, we could separate three copies of DYF403S1a into two copies of DYF403S1a and one of DYF403S1b1. This is because DYF403S1b1 possesses distinguishable sequences from DYF403S1a at both the front and rear flanking regions of the repeat motif; therefore, the locus could be separately amplified using sequence-specific primers. In addition, the other copy, defined as DYF403S1b by Ballantyne et al., was renamed DYF403S1b2 because of its similar flanking region sequence to DYF403S1b1. By redefining DYF403S1 with the developed multiplex system, all genotypes of four copies could be successfully typed and more diverse haplotypes were obtained. We analyzed haplotype distributions in 705 Korean males based on four different Y-STR subsets: Yfiler, PowerPlex Y23, Yfiler Plus, and RM Y-STRs. All haplotypes obtained from RM Y-STRs were the most diverse and showed strong discriminatory power in Korean population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

서울지역 4년제 간호대학생들의 임상실습 유,무에 따른 진로태도성숙

권혜진,김보람,김소연,김수임,성정아,신영미,윤서진,이경진,홍영선,이자형,정덕유,신혜원 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in the degrees of career attitude maturity according to the clinical practice experience of the college of nursing students. The convenience sample was 275 students attending the college of nursing in Seoul. Data was obtained through a questionnaire from December 1st to 12th, 2008. The instrument used to measure the career attitude maturity in this study was "A barometer of maturity in career attitudes" developed by Ki-hak, Lee(1997). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chronbach's alpha, t-test and ANOVA with the SPSS 16.0 program. Below is the result of this study. 1. The average score for career attitude maturity of nursing students who experienced clinical practices was 135.56(±12.17): higher than the average score of inexperienced students, 134.37(±12.44). However it could not show meaningful differences in the statistics(F=-.805, p=.422). 2. Determinacy, one of five subordinate concepts of career attitude maturity, was statistically significative. On average, the group comprised of students with clinical practices scored 27.60(±3.81): higher than that of unpracticed students, 26.63(±4.26)(F=-1.976, p=.049). 3. The more academic years they have, except for junior year students, the points of career attitude maturity relative to general characteristics were increasingly higher. The points were 132.60(±11.99) for freshmen, 135.93(±12.72) for sophomores, 133.50(±12.57) for juniors and 138.11(±11.24) for seniors(F=2.714, p=.045). 4. According to the age of the group, the grade of career attitude maturity became higher. The scores were 133.21(±12.34) for 18-19yrs., 134.05(±12.16) for 20-22yrs., 138.43(±10.96) for 23-26yrs. and 148.71(±12.76) for 27-32yrs. (F=5.118, p=.002). 5. The average total score for career attitude maturity of nursing students was 135.00(±12.30). Of the five subdivisions―readiness, conviction, determinacy, independence and finality― readiness demonstrated the highest result with 32.33(±4.46) followed by conviction, determinacy, independence and finality respectively. Based on the results, there are some proposals for further researches. As this research was only for college of nursing in Seoul, it is necessary to compare career attitude maturity with 3-year colleges and other departments. In addition, alongside clinical practices there is a growing need to develop programs that will not only provide guidelines but also prepare students for the maturity of their career attitude.

대학생의 문제음주, 사회적 지지, 우울에 관한 연구

권민정,김리예,김세영,김은진,서혜인,심누리,이혜진,천경민,최하은,신주현,이민경 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of alcohol use disorder, social support and depression of the college students. Method: In this descriptive design study, 334 university students were recruited through convenient sampling from October, 2015 to January, 2016. Questionnaires used for online Google docs were AUDIT-K(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korea), MSPSS(Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and SDS(Self - Rating Depression Scale). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA with Scheffe's test, and Pearson’s coefficient using SPSS 22.0 program. Result: 230 students of the 334 college students(68.8%) were classified into alcohol use disorder group. There was a significant correlation between the degree of social support and depression among all participants(r=-.45, p=.000). However, there was no correlation between alcohol use disorder and depression(r=.23, p=.006) and between alcohol use disorder and social support(r=.02, p=.758). Conclusion: This study showed a relationship between social support and depression, not the alcohol use disorder. This result can be used as the basic data in nursing research about alcohol use disorder, social support and depression of college students. Also, Further researches are needed to examine the factors that affect alcohol use disorder of college students, as well as depression and social support.

Fabrication and Test Results of Cryogenic Blower with Metal 3D Printing Impeller

Y. Kwon(권용현),J. Lee(이재환),K. Kim(김기환),J. Kim(김준일),S. Kim(김석호) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월

The demand for cryogenic blowers is increasing as the cooling system using superconducting applications and liquefied hydrogen increases. Cryogenic blowers are used to circulate cooling fluids in the temperature range of 20 to 40 K. Currently, most of the impellers of cryogenic blowers are made through machining, and there are restrictions on their manufacturing shape. If the conventional impeller manufacturing method using machining is replaced with 3D printing, processing cost reduction and variety of shapes can be expected. In this paper, the impeller, a core component of the cryogenic blower, was manufactured with a metal 3D printer to conduct design and performance evaluation. The operating condition of the cryogenic blower was designed at 5 bar, 20 K in gas helium. The output of the cryogenic blower is designed to have a maximum flow output of 12 g/s at 18,000 RPM and a head output of 58 m. The designed cryogenic blower was verified through CFD analysis, and performance test was performed with an impeller manufactured by machining. The impeller manufactured by 3D printing was replaced by the same blower and compared with the performance test results of the machining impeller.