Principled practical knowledge in bridging practical and reflective experiential learning: case studies of teachers’ professional development

Xin Pei Voon,Lung-Hsiang Wong,Wenli Chen,Chee-Kit LOOI 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.4

“Heuristic approach” is a teachers’ professional development (TPD) method supported by principled practical knowledge (PPK) which focuses on principled practical guidance that develops teachers’ capacity in innovative learning designs. This study reports the key features of the design and implementation of a TPD programme aimed at facilitating teachers’ experiential learning in designing and implementing seamless inquiry science learning (SISL). The TPD is based on the notion of fast and frugal heuristics which are supported by PPK and lead to actual classroom action. Two teacher case studies were analysed to investigate the teachers’ learning trajectory underpinned by an experiential learning framework throughout the TPD programme. As learners of innovative pedagogy, the teachers explored the design and implementation of SISL with their students. The findings indicate that the TPD programme had a positive impact on three aspects of teachers’ experiential learning: (a) acquiring new pedagogy; (b) improving knowledge and skills in the seamless inquiry science lesson (SISL) design and implementation; (c) nurturing reflective practices in teachers concerning the designing and implementation of SISL lessons. The teachers’ professional reflection and growth through experiential learning processes demonstrate how heuristic-based TPD engaged them as creative and professional lesson designers, resulting in meaningful changes in classroom practices. Our data analysis concluded that the heuristic-based TPD should be designed in such a way that it is authentic, reflective, practice-based and focused on meaningful tasks for the teachers.

Insertion/deletion (I/D) in the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene and Breast Cancer Risk: Lack of Association in a Meta-analysis

Pei, Xin-Hong,Li, Hui-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Purpose: Breast cancer is an important cause of cancer-related death in women. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and breast cancer risk. However, the specific association is still controversial rather than conclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of related studies to address this controversy. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and susceptibility to breast cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results: 10 separate studies of 7 included articles with 10,888 subjects on the relation between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and breast cancer were analyzed by meta-analysis, and our results showed no association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and breast cancer in total population and different populations. No publication bias was found in the present study. Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism may not be associated with breast cancer risk. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Radiation-induced Cochlea Hair Cell Death: Mechanisms and Protection

Tan, Pei-Xin,Du, Sha-Sha,Ren, Chen,Yao, Qi-Wei,Yuan, Ya-Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

Cochlea hair cell death is regarded to be responsible for the radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which is one of the principal complications of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancers. In this mini-review, we focus on the current progresses trying to unravel mechanisms of radiation-induced hair cell death and find out possible protection. P53, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways have been proposed as pivotal in the processes leading to radiation hair cell death. Potential protectants, such as amifostine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and epicatechin (EC), are claimed to be effective at reducing radiation-inducedhair cell death. The RT dosage, selection and application of concurrent chemotherapy should be pre-examined in order to minimize the damage to cochlea hair cells.

Wnt/β-Catenin Promotes the Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Down-Regulating Cyp26b1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Yao Xin-Tong,Li Pei-pei,Liu Jiang,Yang Yuan-Yuan,Luo Zhen-Ling,Jiang Hai-Tao,He Wen-Ge,Luo Hong-Hong,Deng Yi-Xuan,He Bai-Cheng 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2023 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.20 No.5

BACKGROUND: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes the osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), but the intrinsic relationship between BMP9 and ATRA keeps unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of Cyp26b1, a critical enzyme of ATRA degradation, on the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and unveiled possible mechanism through which BMP9 regulates the expression of Cyp26b1. METHODS: ATRA content was detected with ELISA and HPLC–MS/MS. PCR, Western blot, and histochemical staining were used to assay the osteogenic markers. Fetal limbs culture, cranial defect repair model, and micro–computed tomographic were used to evaluate the quality of bone formation. IP and ChIP assay were used to explore possible mechanism. RESULTS: We found that the protein level of Cyp26b1 was increased with age, whereas the ATRA content decreased. The osteogenic markers induced by BMP9 were increased by inhibiting or silencing Cyp26b1 but reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. The BMP9-induced bone formation was enhanced by inhibiting Cyp26b1. The cranial defect repair was promoted by BMP9, which was strengthened by silencing Cyp26b1 and reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. Mechanically, Cyp26b1 was reduced by BMP9, which was enhanced by activating Wnt/b-catenin, and reduced by inhibiting this pathway. b-catenin interacts with Smad1/5/9, and both were recruited at the promoter of Cyp26b1. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested the BMP9-induced osteoblastic differentiation was mediated by activating retinoic acid signalling, viadown-regulating Cyp26b1. Meanwhile, Cyp26b1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone-related diseases or accelerating bone-tissue engineering.

Possible Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Association with HPV18 or HPV33 Infection

Zhang, Pei-Pei,Zhou, Lei,Cao, Jia-Shi,Li, Yi-Ping,Zeng, Zhi,Sun, Ni,Shen, Li,Zhu, Hao-Yue,Ruan, Yang,Zha, Wen-Ting,Wang, Xin-Yu,Zhang, Ke-Qiang,Zhang, Ran Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.6

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Hunan province. DNA samples were collected from paraffin embedded ovarian tissue from 322 patients with EOC, 99 with ovarian benign tumors and 199 normal persons. The polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to identify the HPV types in the samples. The relationship between the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) was investigated combined with clinical data. The prevalence of HPV18 and HPV33 in EOC group and benign group was higher than in the normal group. HPV18 and HPV33 may play a role in the development of both EOC and ovarian benign tumor and may participate in the development of EOC with traditional risk factors, family history and abortion, possibly exerting synergistic effects.

樂浪郡與中國內地的文化聯系 -以考古學遺存爲視角的動態觀察-

왕배신 ( Pei Xin Wang ) 단국사학회 2014 史學志 Vol.48 No.-

낙랑문화란 낙랑시기의 유물·유적으로 구성된 고고학적 문화개념이다. 낙랑문화에는 현지의 전통문화 요소와 변군(邊郡)과 중원본토의 연계를 통해 끊임없이 전입되어진 한·위·진 문화요소가 모두 포함된다. 낙랑문화와 관련된 유적으로는 무덤유적이 가장 대표적이다. 지금까지 조사된 낙랑관련 무덤자료들은 낙랑문화시기 전체를 포괄할 수 있을 만큼 풍부하여 이 시기를 연구하는 가장 중요한 자료로 활용된다. 무덤의 형태와 구조 변화 등에 근거하여 낙랑문화를 전체 6시기로 구분할 수 있다. 제1기, 무덤양식은 단인장(單人葬)을 한 목곽묘 위주이다. 제2기, 여전히 단인 목곽묘 위주이며, 시신이 안치된 관의 측면부에 부장품을 놓을 수 있는 공간을 두거나 혹은 상자(邊箱)를 설치한 형식이 새롭게 등장한다. 제3기, 부장품을 담아두는 두상(頭箱)이 있고 변상(邊箱) 혹은 관상(棺箱) 윗 부분과 옆쪽에 부장품을 놓아두는 합장 목곽묘가 유행한다. 제4기, 무덤의 형태와 구조는 제3기와 기본적으로 서로 같으며, 매장방식은 다인동곽합장(多人同槨合葬)으로 변한다. 이 시기에는 개별적으로 전실묘(傳室墓)가 출현한다. 시대는 동한 후기로 약 AD 2세기이다. 제5기, 목곽묘가 소실되고 묘실의 네벽이 외호궁륭정(外弧穹隆頂)한 단실묘(單室墓)와 전후 2실의 전실묘(傳室墓)가 유행한다. 매장방식은 2인 합장 혹은 다인 합장이 많았다. 시대는 동한 말에서 조위(曹魏) 전기로 약 AD1 90-240년이다. 제6기, 장방형의 단실 전실묘가 유행하고 매장방식은 2인합장이었다. 시대는 조위 정시(正始) 연간(AD 240-248년)에서 낙랑과 대방군이 고구려에 점령당한 이후까지로 약 3세기 중반-4세기 전후이다. Nakrang(lelang, 樂浪) culture is the archaeological cultural concept which consists of relics and sites of Nakrang period. Nakrang culture includes the cultural aspects of its original local area as well as the cultural aspects of Han(漢)·Wei(魏)·Jin(晉) dynasties which unceasingly came into Nakrang area through the connection between the outer rim and the Chinese heartland. Among the sites related to Nakrang culture, the burial sites are the most representative. The burial sites investigated by today are as abundant as they can cover the entire Nakrang era, so they are used for the most important materials to research the era. Depending on the forms and the structures of the burial systems, Nakrang culture can be assorted into 6 periods. In the first period, the burial style was mainly of the wood-receptacle tomb for a single corpse. The second period was still mainly of the wood-receptacle tomb for a single corpse, but a grave style with a space or a container beside a coffin for grave goods newly appeared. In the third period, the wood-receptacle tomb with the head-container(頭箱) for grave goods and/or with grave goods above or beside the side-container(邊箱) or the coffin-container(棺箱) became popular. The tomb’s form and structure of the fourth period was the same as that of the third period, but the burial style got changed to the burial of muti-corpses in a receptacle. In this period also appeared the brick-chamber tomb. It covered the late eastern Han period, approximately the 2nd century AD. In the fifth period, the wood-receptacle tomb disappeared, and the brick-chamber tomb either with a single chamber or with double chambers which consisted of front and back chambers became popular. The majority of the burial style was the burial of two or more corpses in a tomb. It covered from the late eastern Han to the early Wei period, approximately 190-240 AD. In the sixth period, the single oblong brick-chamber tomb became popular, and the burial style was the burial of two corpses together. It covers from Wei dynasty’s Zhengshi years(240-248 AD) to some time after Goguryeo’s capture of Nakranggun(Lelangjun, 樂浪郡) and Daebanggun(Daifangjun, 帶方郡), approximately from the mid-3rd century to the 4th century AD.

Outcomes of Microendoscopic Discectomy and Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Comparative Retrospective Study

Arjun Sinkemani,Xin Hong,Zeng-Xin Gao,Su-Yang Zhuang,Zan-Li Jiang,Shao-Dong Zhang,Jun-Ping Bao,Lei Zhu,Pei Zhang,Xin-Hui Xie,Feng Wang,Xiao-Tao Wu 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.6

Study Design: Retrospective, case control evaluation of 86 patients who underwent microendoscopic discectomy (MED) and percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Purpose: To evaluate the safety and the outcomes of MED and PTED for the treatment of LDH. Overview of Literature: MED and PTED are minimally invasive surgical techniques for lower back pain. Studies to date have shown that MED and PTED are safe and effective treatment modalities for LDH. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in patients with LDH treated with MED (n=50) and transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED; n=36) in our hospital. All patients were followed-up with self-evaluation questionnaires, Oswestry disability index (ODI), medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey and MacNab criteria. All the patients in both groups were followed up to 12 months after the operation. Results: ODI questionnaire responses were not statistically different between the MED and PTED groups (53.00 vs. 48.72) before treatment. Average scores and minimal disability after 5 days to 12 months of follow-up were 4.96 in the MED group and 3.61 in the PTED group. According to MacNab criteria, 92.0% of the MED group and 94.4% of the PTED group had excellent or good results with no significant difference. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between MED and PTED outcomes. Further large-scale, randomized studies with long-term follow-up are needed.

Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Caragana microphylla

Gui-Lin Jin,Cheng-Jian Zheng,Wen-Bo Xin,Zhu-Jun Mao,Pei-Xin Sun,Zhi-Xin Zeng,Lu-Ping Qin 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.6

Two new triterpenoid saponins, namely caraganoside C (1) and caraganoside D (2), were isolated from the seeds of Caragana microphylla. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including homo- and hetero-nuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC and HMBC). Both 1 and 2 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC_50 values of 26.4 μM and 32.2 μM, respectively. In addition, 1 showed weak cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HL-60, HCT116, and A549 cell lines.

SARSEvaluation of CRISPR-Based Assays for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pei-Ying Huang,Xin Yin,Yue-Ting Huang,Qi-Qing Ye,Si-Qing Chen,Xun-Jie Cao,Tian-Ao Xie,Xu-Guang Guo 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.5

Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019. Diagnosticmethods based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) have been developed to detect SARSCoV-2 rapidly. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CRISPR fordetecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: Studies published before August 2021 were retrieved from four databases, using the keywords “SARS-CoV-2”and “CRISPR.” Data were collected from these publications, and the sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positivelikelihood ratio (PLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The summary receiver operating characteristic curve wasplotted for analysis with MetaDiSc 1.4. The Stata 15.0 software was used to draw Deeks’ funnel plots to evaluate publication bias. Results: We performed a pooled analysis of 38 independent studies shown in 30 publications. The reference standard was reversetranscription-quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the sensitivity of CRISPR-based methods for diagnosis was 0.94 (95% CI0.93–0.95), the specificity was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99), the PLR was 34.03 (95% CI 20.81–55.66), the NLR was 0.08 (95% CI 0.06–0.10), and the DOR was 575.74 (95% CI 382.36–866.95). The area under the curve was 0.9894. Conclusion: Studies indicate that a diagnostic method based on CRISPR has high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this wouldbe a potential diagnostic tool to improve the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Investigating Medical Cost and Mortality Among Psychiatric Patients Involuntary Admissions: A Nationwide Propensity Score-Matched Study

Pei-Ying Tseng,Xin-Yu Xie,Ching-Chi Hsu,Sarina Hui-Lin Chien,Jen-De Chen,Jong-Yi Wang 대한신경정신의학회 2022 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.19 No.7

Objective Involuntary admission to psychiatric inpatient care can protect both patients with severe mental illnesses and individuals around them. This study analyzed annual healthcare costs per person for involuntary psychiatric admission and examined categories of mental disorders and other factors associated with mortality.Methods This retrospective cohort study collected 1 million randomly sampled beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Database for 2002–2013. It identified and matched 181 patients with involuntary psychiatric admissions (research group) with 724 patients with voluntary psychiatric admissions (control group) through 1:4 propensity-score matching for sex, age, comorbidities, mental disorder category, and index year of diagnosis.Results Mean life expectancy of patients with involuntary psychiatric admissions was 33.13 years less than the general population. Average annual healthcare costs per person for involuntary psychiatric admissions were 3.94 times higher compared with voluntary admissions. The general linear model demonstrated that average annual medical costs per person per compulsory hospitalization were 5.8 times that of voluntary hospitalization. Survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model found no significant association between type of psychiatric admission (involuntary or voluntary) and death.Conclusion This study revealed no significant difference in mortality between involuntary and voluntary psychiatric admissions, indicating involuntary treatment’s effectiveness.