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The Historical Origins and Modern Insights of the Chinese Arbitration System
xiao xiao 한국중재학회 2023 중재연구 Vol.33 No.4
Arbitration is a just and efficient method for resolving economic disputes. It adapts to the needs of economic development and is an important institution in today's society. Around the world, a tradition of resolving disputes through arbitration spontaneously developed in ancient times and gradually evolved into a legal system with the development of jurisprudence starting from the Middle Ages. In China, formal legislation on arbitration began in the modern era during the Republic of China period. However, the origins of arbitration as a method for resolving disputes can be traced back to ancient times, during the Qin and Han dynasties. The most significant modern arbitration legislation in China is the "Arbitration Law" enacted in 1995, which drew on the experiences of foreign arbitration laws. Despite this, there are still many areas in arbitration legislation that require improvement based on practical experiences. Currently, revisions to the Arbitration Law are underway, and historical experiences may offer valuable insights, assisting in better integrating the Arbitration Law with Chinese society. This article primarily focuses on the role and impact of the imported modern commercial arbitration system in China and how it can be harmonized with China's legal culture in the future.
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Reconsideration of Network Types
Xiao Xiao,Natsumi Takahashi,Daichi Enomoto,Hisashi Yamamoto 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
The computation of network system reliability is a classical problem. It becomes more and more difficult to calculate the maximal all-terminal reliability of a network system as the number of nodes and edges increase. One approach is to firstly classify the network systems into several types, and secondly identify the type which has the greatest all-terminal reliability, then finally calculate the maximal all-terminal reliability of the identified type of network system. This allows the exact maximal all-terminal reliability of a complex network system to be derived rather easily, because it can be achieved by considering the failure patterns of only the identified type. This paper employs three propositions to logically classify the network types for e = n + 4. Several types are found to be ignored in the existing works. We list up them for further discussions. This work is unconcluded.
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Xiao-Xiao,Zuo-Xi Li,Bao-yi Yu,Guang-hua Cui 대한화학회 2015 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.36 No.7
Two new copper(II) complexes with the formulas [Cu(btb)(pydc)(H2O)]n (1) and [Cu(btb)0.5(nph)(H2O)]n (2) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by employing a rigid bis(triazole) ligand (btb = 4,4′-bis(1,2,4-triazolyl-1-yl)-biphenyl) and two carboxylic acids mixed ligands (H2pydc = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid and H2nph = 3-nitrophthalic acid). The copper atoms present different environments, with a tetragonal pyramidal geometry in 1 and octahedral configuration in 2. Complex 1 displays a dinuclear cluster, which is further packed into a 2D supramolecular layer by classical OH · · · O hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 possesses a trinodal 3,4,4-connected 3D framework with a rare sqc69 topology. In addition, thermal stability and luminescence property were investigated.
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하수슬러지-혼합가스 분위기에서 Fe-Cr 강의 고온 부식거동 연구
Xiao Xiao,이동복(Dong Bok Lee),김민정(Min Jung Kim) 한국열환경공학회 2020 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2020 No.춘계
대기오염 발생 주범인 석탄화력발전은 환경 오염물질 배출 및 기후변화에 크게 영향을 미치는 온실가스를 과다 배출시켜 전세계적으로 사용을 줄여나가고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 아직까지 현실적으로 안정적인 운전이 가능한 신재생에너지 발전기술은 개발되지 않고 있다. 친환경 석탄화력발전 기술 중 하나인 석탄가스화 복합 화력 발전(IGCC:Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)은 석탄을 고온·고압에서 가스화 하여 이산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 분진의 발생량을 저감 할 수 있지만 석탄에 소량 함유되어 있는 유황이 가스화의 환원성 분위기에서 부식성이 강한 황화수소(H2S)로 전환되어 발전 설비 부품의 부식을 촉진시켜, 현재 사용 중인 발전설비를 그대로 적용하기에 한계가 있다. 하수슬러지는 연소 시 Fe2O3, P2O5, Al2O3, CaO 등을 주로 형성하며, 부식성이 낮다. 현재 석탄화력발전에 사용되는 석탄의 사용량을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있어 석탄과 하수슬러지를 혼소하여 발전하고 있다. 하지만 하수슬러지에 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 인이 연소할 때 형성되는 P2O5는 망간, 아연, 철 등이 용출되는 것을 막아 부식을 저감시키는 부식억제제로 사용되지만, 공기 또는 수분 등과 반응하여 부식성이 강한 H3PO4(인산)을 생성한다. 하지만 아직까지 하수슬러지가 석탄화력발전과 비슷한 혼합가스 분위기에서 나타나는 부식거동에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있어 이와 관련된 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석탄 화력 발전설비 중 과열기 튜브, 보일러 배관 및 보일러 전열관 등에 많이 사용되는 9Cr-1Mo 강을 하수슬러지 고형연료 분말에 침지시켜 유사한 (0.3% SO2-6% O2-10% H2O-balance CO2)-혼합 가스 분위기에서 650-750oC의 온도로 부식시험하여, 고온 부식거동을 살펴보고자 하였다.
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Xiao Xiao 대한중국학회 2012 중국학 Vol.42 No.-
A class of verbs contain the semantic features of “to go to a place” in the ancient Chinese, we can build a semantic field, including these words. There are eleven words in it, “chu fa zhi shi ru wang cu shi fu zao yi”. This article will do a comprehensive and systematic research about the semantic field, according to ancient literature. The research includes a description of the synchronic semantic system and the studying of semantic evolution in history. Then summarizes evolving features of Chinese Vocabulary.
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The Historical Process and Contemporary Insights of China's Bankruptcy System
xiao xiao 한국채무자회생법학회 2023 회생법학 Vol.27 No.-
The establishment of China's bankruptcy system occurred during the period of legal transplantation from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Three bankruptcy laws were formulated at the national level, but only two were officially enforced: the 'Great Qing Bankruptcy Law' in 1906 and the 'Bankruptcy Law' in 1935. The development of bankruptcy laws in modern China encountered several setbacks mainly due to the clash between introduced Western legal concepts and the contemporary Chinese social environment, facing opposition from various sectors of society. The most contentious discharge system has consistently been retained by legislators and gradually accepted over time. Thus, the roots of China's bankruptcy system trace back historically to the “Qing Bankruptcy Law” of 1906 and the “Bankruptcy Law” of 1935. This study focuses on the laws applicable in these two periods, examining how the bankruptcy system operated and the subsequent influence of introducing Western bankruptcy laws. It's noteworthy that in 1906, when China enacted the “Qing Bankruptcy Law”, certain aspects incompatible with the Chinese context from Western legislation were adopted, leading to various issues. Exploring the evolution of China's bankruptcy system from a legal perspective can offer insights for future developments in China's bankruptcy legislation.
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