Study on Effects of Blending Fiber Type and Ratio on Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Blended Yarns and Fabrics

Xiao Tian,Tszyin Poon,Yiyi Yang,Hong Hu,Jimin Fu,Jianhui Li,Ben Niu 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.9

Chitosan fiber possesses inherent advantages, such as excellent biocompatibility, nontoxicity as well asantibacterial property. However, there is no systematic study on the chitosan fiber blending effect with other fibers, and onthat basis, there is no suitable fiber blending technology for yarn and fabric production, which results in the incorrectproportion of chitosan fiber blended with other fiber type and thus lowers the fabric functionality as well as increases thematerial cost. In this study, thirteen chitosan blended yarns were designed and developed. Blending yarn structure wasexamined and the effects of blending fiber type and ratio on the antibacterial and physical property were firstly investigated. The experimental results show that the inhibition rate rises with the increase of the chitosan blending ratio. The polyester/cotton/chitosan and tencel/chitosan yarns have a better inhibition rate of Staphylococcus than that of the cotton/chitosan yarn,indicating that the blending fiber type has an impact on antibacterial properties. Moreover, various chitosan blended knittedfabrics were produced by using the chitosan blended yarns developed and their antibacterial, physical properties and comfortas well as anti-mite activity were evaluated. The results illustrate that the knitted fabrics with a small amount of chitosanfibers exhibit excellent antibacterial properties and desirable comfort. Furthermore, the chitosan blended fabrics present theanti-mites effect. This work would contribute to lowering the material cost of functional yarns and promoting thedevelopment of antibacterial textiles.

A novel Fabry-Perot fiber optic temperature sensor for early age hydration heat study in Portland cement concrete

Xiaotian Zou,Xingwei Wang,Alice Chao,Nan Wu,Tzu-Yang Yu 국제구조공학회 2013 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.12 No.1

Concrete is known as a heterogeneous product which is composed of complex chemical composition and reaction. The development of concrete thermal effect during early age is critical on its future structural health and long term durability. When cement is mixed with water, the exothermic chemical reaction generates hydration heat, which raises the temperature within the concrete. Consequently, cracking may occur if the concrete temperature rises too high or if there is a large temperature difference between the interior and the exterior of concrete structures during early age hydration. This paper describes the contribution of novel Fabry-Perot (FP) fiber optic temperature sensors to investigate the thermal effects of concrete hydration process. Concrete specimens were manufactured under various water-to-cement (w/c) ratios from 0.40 to 0.60. During the first 24 hours of concreting, two FP fiber optic temperature sensors were inserted into concrete specimens with the protection of copper tubing to monitor the surface and core temperature change. The experimental results revealed effects of w/c ratios on surface and core temperature developments during early age hydration, as well as demonstrating that FP fiber optic sensors are capable of capturing temperature variation in the concrete with reliable performance. Temperature profiles are used for calculating the apparent activation energy (Ea) and the heat of hydration (H(t)) of concrete, which can help us to better understand cement hydration.

Overexpression of miR-191 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Proliferation and Invasion in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Xiaotian Gao,Zeqing Song,Zhanqiang Xie,Zhigang Wang,Keluo Cheng,Ke Liang 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.6

Purpose: Accumulating evidence has shown that dysregulation of microRNA-191 (miR-191) is closely associated with tumorigenesisand progression in a wide range of cancers. This study aimed to explore the potential role of miR-191 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: miR-191 expression was assessed in 93 ESCC tissue specimens by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and survival analysis was performed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, plate colony-forming, BrdU, and Transwell assays were conducted to observe the effect of miR-191 on ESCC proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter and western blot assays were taken to identify target genes of miR-191. Results: miR-191 was overexpressed in 93 cases of ESCC, compared with adjacent normal tissues, and miR-191 expression was significantly related to differentiation, depth of invasion, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of tumor. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses demonstrated that overexpression of miR-191 was an independent and significant predictorof ESCC prognosis. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that miR-191 promoted ESCC cell proliferation and invasion activities in vitro. Early growth response 1 (EGR1), a tumor suppressor, was predicted as a direct target of miR-191. Luciferase reporter and western blot assays proved that miR-191 reduced EGR1 expression by directly binding its 3' untranslated region. Moreover, EGR1 knockdown by siRNA enhanced ESCC cell growth and invasion. Conclusion: Our findings provide specific biological roles of miR-191 in ESCC survival and progression. Targeting the novel miR-191/EGR1 axis represents a potential new therapeutic way to block ESCC development.

LncRNA XLOC_006390 facilitates cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis as a ceRNA against miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p

Xiaotian Luan,Yankui Wang 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.6

Objective: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Our previous results showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XLOC_006390 plays an important role in cervical cancer. In this study, we have explored the mechanism of action of lncRNA XLOC_006390. Methods: LncRNA XLOC_006390 was proposed to exercise its function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), and its potential targeted miRNAs was predicted through the database LncBase Predicted v.2. Two miRNAs, miR-331-3p, and miR-338-3p, were chosen for the study. Expression of miRNAs and lncRNA in cervical cancer cells and tissues was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To determine the correlation, silencing of XLOC_006390, over-expression of miR-331-3p, and miR-338-3p was performed in SiHa and Caski cell lines, respectively. Results: Based on the interactive effect between miRNA and lncRNA, miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p were significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cells and tissues, and their expression levels were negatively related to that of lncRNA. Our results also showed that the expression of miR-331-3p target gene NRP2, miR-338-3p target genes PKM2, EYA2 was significantly downregulated when the XLOC_006390 was knocked down. Further, XLOC_006390 was found to facilitate cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis by downregulating miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p expression. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that XLOC_006390 may serve as a ceRNA and reversely regulates the expression of miR-331-3p and miR-338-3p, thus facilitating cervical cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.

A Sparse Ridge Estimation for the Sparse Logistic Regression Model

Xiaotian Sun,최호식,권성훈 한국자료분석학회 2014 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.16 No.4

In this paper, we study a new penalized maximum likelihood estimator, the sparse ridge, for the sparse logistic regression model. Here, the sparsity of the logistic model implies that the model includes some irrelevant predictive variables. Hence, by deleting the irrelevant predictive variables from the model, we want to identify a correct sub-model, enhancing both prediction accuracy and model interpretability. For the problem, the sparse ridge gives a simultaneous process of selecting relevant predictive variables and estimating included parameters. First, the sparse ridge achieves a sparsity as usual penalized maximum likelihood estimators such as the least absolute selection and shrinkage operator and smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalized estimators. Hence we can use the sparse ridge for variable selection for the sparse logistic regression model. Further, the sparse ridge shares a common shrinkage effect in parameter estimation with the ridge. Hence the sparse ridge is expected to perform well under the multi-collinearity, especially. Numerical studies via simulated and real data analysis show that the sparse ridge can be a nice alternative to the well-known penalized maximum likelihood estimators.

A novel Fabry-Perot fiber optic temperature sensor for early age hydration heat study in Portland cement concrete

Zou, Xiaotian,Chao, Alice,Wu, Nan,Tian, Ye,Yu, Tzu-Yang,Wang, Xingwei Techno-Press 2013 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.12 No.1

Concrete is known as a heterogeneous product which is composed of complex chemical composition and reaction. The development of concrete thermal effect during early age is critical on its future structural health and long term durability. When cement is mixed with water, the exothermic chemical reaction generates hydration heat, which raises the temperature within the concrete. Consequently, cracking may occur if the concrete temperature rises too high or if there is a large temperature difference between the interior and the exterior of concrete structures during early age hydration. This paper describes the contribution of novel Fabry-Perot (FP) fiber optic temperature sensors to investigate the thermal effects of concrete hydration process. Concrete specimens were manufactured under various water-to-cement (w/c) ratios from 0.40 to 0.60. During the first 24 hours of concreting, two FP fiber optic temperature sensors were inserted into concrete specimens with the protection of copper tubing to monitor the surface and core temperature change. The experimental results revealed effects of w/c ratios on surface and core temperature developments during early age hydration, as well as demonstrating that FP fiber optic sensors are capable of capturing temperature variation in the concrete with reliable performance. Temperature profiles are used for calculating the apparent activation energy ($E_a$) and the heat of hydration (H(t)) of concrete, which can help us to better understand cement hydration.

On the Metallic Buckle with a Round Front and Square Rear Unearthed in East Asia

Fang Xiaotian(팡 샤오 티엔) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2013 International Journal of Korean History Vol.18 No.1

전원후방형금속대구(前?后方型金屬帶?)는 한(漢)과 위진(魏晉)왕조에서 만들어 쓰던 일종의 허리띠 부속물이다. 이들 유물들은 그 형태가 모두 동일하지는 않지만 몇몇 공통점을 가지고 있다. 즉, 유형적 공통점을 들 수 있는데, 앞이 둥글고 뒤가 네모난 모양을 하고 있다는 점, 둥근 앞면의 한쪽 끝에 활모양으로 잔구멍들을 뚫어 장식하고 그 뒤에 움직이는 걸쇠를 매단 점, 양 무늬로 장식한 한 점만을 제외하면 띠고리 전체가 대개 용과 호랑이 무늬로 장식된 점, 테두리는 대개 꼰무늬나 세모무늬로 장식한 점, 눈 부분의 무늬와 테두리의 세모무늬에 보석들을 박아 넣은 점을 들 수 있다. 이런 종류의 유물은 주로 중국과 북한 지방에서 출토되었는데, 동아시아의 고대 문화 전파 및 교류와 관련된 연구에 중요한 의미를 지니고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 전원후방형금속대구의 기원과 발전 과정에 주목하고, 이들이 한에서 당(唐) 왕조에 이르는 기간 동안 복식에 미친 영향을 분석하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. The metallic buckle with a round front and square rear is a kind of belt accessories in the Han and Wei-Jin dynasties. They are not the same absolutely, but have some common features: a round front and square rear; arc perforation on one end of the round side; a movable belt tongue behind the arc perforation; a whole belt buckle decorated mostly with dragon and tiger except one piece in sheep design; most of them with a rope or triangle design at the edge; and in the eye, a body of the pattern and edge triangle part studding with precious stones. This kind of belt has been unearthed in China and North Korea, and have great meaning for the study of the spread and exchange of the cultures in East Asia. This paper focuses on the origins and the development of this metallic buckle with a round front and square rear and analyzes the influence of this metallic buckle on the clothing style from the Han dynasty to Tang dynasty.

중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식과 삶의 만족도 및 문화성향 간의 관계

차효첨(CI XIAOTIAN),이유미(Lee You-Me) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.16

목적 본 연구은 중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식과 삶의 만족도, 문화성향 간의 관계를 살펴보는 것이다. 방법 이를 위해서 중국 허베이성(河北省)에 있는 스자좡시(石家庄), 헝수이시(衡水), 창주시(沧州), 한단시(邯郸), 탕산시(唐山), 바오딩시(保定) 지역 소재한 공⋅사립 유치원교사 689명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 26.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계 분석, Pearson의 상관분석 및 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과 이에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식 수준은 높게 나타났다. 아동권리인식의 하위요인 중 ‘폭력과 학대로부터 보호받을 권리’ 인식이 가장 높게 나타났으며, ‘의사표현의 자유와 참여의 권리’를 가장 낮게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 중국 유아교사의 삶의 만족도 수준은 낮게 나타났으며, 중국 유아교사의 문화성향 하위요인 중 ‘집단주의’ 수준이 ‘개인주의’ 수준보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식과 삶의 만족도 그리고 문화성향은 모두 전체적으로 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 중국 유아교사의 삶의 만족도와 문화성향은 중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식을 11.9% 설명하였다. 특히, 문화성향 하위요인 중 ‘집단주의’ 성향은 중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식을 예측하는 주요 변인으로 확인되었다. 결론 아동권리에 대한 관심과 인식이 높아지고 있는 중국의 현직 유아교사를 대상으로 아동권리인식과 삶의 만족도, 문화성향 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 중국 유아교사의 아동권리인식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 문화성향의 가치를 규명하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다. Objectives The purpose of this research is to observe the relationship between Chinese kindergarten teachers’ awareness of children’s rights, life satisfaction, and cultural trends. Methods To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 689 public and private kindergarten teachers located in Shijiazhuang, Hengshui, Cangzhou, Handan, Tangshan, and Baoding areas in Hebei Province, China. The collected data were analyzed by Frequency analysis, Descriptive statistics analysis, Pearson s correlation and Hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results First, the teachers have a high level of awareness of children s rights. It is reported that among the underlying factors in the understanding of children s rights of kindergarten teachers, the “right to protection from violence and abuse” has the highest level, and the “freedom of expression of will and the right to participate” is the lowest. Among the underlying factors of the teachers’ cultural tendency, the level of “collectivism” is higher than “individualism”. The survey shows that life satisfaction level of the teachers is low. Second, the teachers understanding of children’s rights, life satisfaction, and cultural trends are all meaningful. Third, the life satisfaction and cultural trends of the teachers are 11.9% of the explanatory power of the teachers awareness of children’s rights. Conclusions Especially of the cultural trend of “collectivism” in the underlying factors, it is speculated to be the main factor of perception of Chinese kindergarten teachers’ children’s rights. This research which has great research significance, is aimed at the teachers who have gradually realized the importance of children s rights. It analyzes the relationship between the awareness of children s rights, life satisfaction, and cultural trends, and proves the cultural trends of important factors that affect the teachers’ awareness of children s rights.

Dewatering of a 32.55 m Deep Foundation Pit in MAMA Under Leakage Risk Conditions

Jianxiu Wang,Xiaotian Liu,Jiaxing Liu,Linbo Wu,Qingfeng Guo,Qian Yang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.8

A 2,250 mm whirlpool foundation pit is located in Donghai Island, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. The layers of theisland are composed of multi-aquifers and multi-aquitards (MAMA). The aquifers are intersected by partial aquitard lenses. A largeconfined aquifer is frequently interbedded and separated into several sub-confined aquifers by partial aquitards. In the 2,250 mmfoundation pit, the water level of two confined aquifers was reduced to satisfy excavation requirements and prevent water inrush. Construction of the 32.55 m deep foundation pit encountered MAMA and potential defects of the diaphragm wall. The pumpingwells in the second confined aquifer were used to reduce the water level to ensure the safety of bottom excavation. The pumpingwells in the first confined aquifer were used to reduce the water level under emergency conditions to prevent potential water inrushand piping from the defects of the diaphragm wall. Field pumping tests and numerical simulations were performed to determine therisk of leakage and verify the capability of the pumping wells to reduce the water level. Quicksand occurred during shallowexcavation because of leakage although the confined aquifer had been cut off and pumped for a long time. Three pumping wells wereinstalled to reduce the water level. When the foundation pit was excavated to a depth of 24 m, water inrush occurred at the middle ofthe pit bottom although the water level of the dewatered aquifer had been reduced to below the excavation face. A 90 m deepborehole was found where the underlying confined aquifer below the first aquifer induced the water inrush. Although the upper waterlevel was reduced, the high water level in the deep part still induced water inrush. The pumping wells in the second aquifer were allopened, and the water level of the underlying confined aquifer was reduced. After the water level was reduced to below the pitbottom, the borehole was filled, and the water inrush stopped. However, water inrush occurred on the cracks of the diaphragm wall aspredicted. The pre-installed pumping wells were opened to control the water inrush. The deepest foundation pit on the island wasconstructed successfully after dealing with the water inrush and leakages.

In-site Experiments on the Swelling Characteristics of a Shield Tunnel in Expansive Clay: A Case Study

Jianxiu Wang,Jiaxing Liu,Xiaotian Liu,Yunhua Jiang,Xuezeng Liu 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.3

Expansive soil swells, softens, and disintegrates when absorbing water, whereas it shrinks when losing water. Understanding the swelling characteristics of a shield tunnel in expansive soil is important. However, most in-site experiences on the swelling characteristics of a tunnel are obtained from the NATM tunnels constructed in swelling rock using drill and blast method; most laboratory experiments or theoretical analyses on the swelling characteristics of a shield tunnel in expansive soil are under certain hypotheses which have not been verified in actual situation. To solve the problems, the Slender West Lake tunnel was selected as the background, laboratory and in-site experiments were performed to understand the swelling characteristics of a shield tunnel in expansive clay. Four experimental sections were constructed in the actual tunnel. The measuring gauges were pre-installed in the segments in factory and the segments were installed in-site to observe the actual earth pressure and temperature during construction. The influences of expansive soil to the distributions and variations of earth pressure, bending moment, and temperature were analyzed. The increasing earth pressure was divided into three stages. Large earth pressure was detected at the top, bottom, left, and right sides of the tunnel. The earth pressure at the left and right sides was larger than that at the top and bottom. Large negative bending moment was detected at the top and bottom of the tunnel, whereas large positive bending moment was detected at the left and right sides of the tunnel. The minimum bending moment appeared at 45° oblique. The largest negative bending moment was larger than the largest positive bending moment. Based on the observations, a load mode of swelling pressure for a beam-spring model was suggested. It can be referred by the similar tunnels.