Effect of Burkholderia contaminans on Postharvest Diseases and Induced Resistance of Strawberry Fruits

Xiaoran Wang,Junfeng Shi,Rufu Wang 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.5

This study takes strawberry-fruits as the test material and discusses the effect of Burkholderia contaminans B-1 on preventing postharvest diseases and inducing resistance-related substances in strawberry-fruits. Soaking and wound inoculating is performed to analyze the inhibitory effects of different treatment solutions on the gray mold of postharvest strawberry-fruits. The count of antagonistic bacteria colonies in the wound is found, and the dynamic growth of antagonistic bacteria and the pathogenic fungus is observed by electron microscopy. The results indicated that, either by soaking/ wound-inoculating, the fermentation and suspension of antagonistic bacteria significantly reduced the incidence of postharvest diseases of strawberry-fruits. With wound inoculation, the inhibition rate of antagonist fermentation and suspension (1 × 1010 cfu/ml) respectively reached 77.4% and 66.7%. It also led to a significant increase in the activity of resistance-related enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and chalcone isomerase (CHI). On 1 d and 2 d post-treatment, the activity of 4CL was respectively 3.78 and 6.1 times of the control, and on 5 d, the activity of PAL was increased by 4.47 times the control. The treatment of antagonistic bacteria delayed the peaking of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity and promoted the accumulation of lignin and total phenols. The antagonistic bacteria could be well colonized in the wounds. On 4-5 d post-inoculation, the count of colonies was 108 times of that upon inoculation. Electronmicroscopy indicated that the antagonistic bacteria delayed the germination of pathogenic spores in the wounds, and inhibited further elongations of the mycelia.

How Can Local Policy Uncertainty Encourage Firm Innovation: A Competitive Advantage Channel

Xiaoran Ni 한국증권학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.52 No.1

Exploring the turnover of city heads in China, I find that state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which possess competitive advantages (especially resource-based) due to innate government connections, significantly increase innovation compared with non-SOEs when local policy uncertainty heightens. In particular, when the turnover of city heads occurs, SOEs are able to obtain a larger amount of external financing at lower costs than non-SOEs. Additionally, SOEs that file invention patents in the spike of local policy uncertainty have better product market performances. My findings indicate that heightened local policy uncertainty enables firms with innate government connections to explore first-mover advantages through innovation activities.

Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on kernel neighborhood rough sets and statistical features

Xiaoran Zhu 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.9

Intelligent fault diagnosis benefits from efficient feature selection. Neighborhood rough sets are effective in feature selection. However,determining the neighborhood value accurately remains a challenge. The wrapper feature selection algorithm is designed by combining the kernel method and neighborhood rough sets to self-adaptively select sensitive features. The combination effectively solves the shortcomings in selecting the neighborhood value in the previous application process. The statistical features of time and frequency domains are used to describe the characteristic of the rolling bearing to make the intelligent fault diagnosis approach work. Three classification algorithms, namely, classification and regression tree (CART), commercial version 4.5 (C4.5), and radial basis function support vector machines (RBFSVM), are used to test UCI datasets and 10 fault datasets of rolling bearing. The results indicate that the diagnostic approach presented could effectively select the sensitive fault features and simultaneously identify the type and degree of the fault.

Effect of Burkholderia contaminans on Postharvest Diseases and Induced Resistance of Strawberry Fruits

Wang, Xiaoran,Shi, Junfeng,Wang, Rufu The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.5

This study takes strawberry-fruits as the test material and discusses the effect of Burkholderia contaminans B-1 on preventing postharvest diseases and inducing resistance-related substances in strawberry-fruits. Soaking and wound inoculating is performed to analyze the inhibitory effects of different treatment solutions on the gray mold of postharvest strawberry-fruits. The count of antagonistic bacteria colonies in the wound is found, and the dynamic growth of antagonistic bacteria and the pathogenic fungus is observed by electron microscopy. The results indicated that, either by soaking/wound-inoculating, the fermentation and suspension of antagonistic bacteria significantly reduced the incidence of postharvest diseases of strawberry-fruits. With wound inoculation, the inhibition rate of antagonist fermentation and suspension ($1{\times}10^{10}cfu/ml$) respectively reached 77.4% and 66.7%. It also led to a significant increase in the activity of resistance-related enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and chalcone isomerase (CHI). On 1 d and 2 d post-treatment, the activity of 4CL was respectively 3.78 and 6.1 times of the control, and on 5 d, the activity of PAL was increased by 4.47 times the control. The treatment of antagonistic bacteria delayed the peaking of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity and promoted the accumulation of lignin and total phenols. The antagonistic bacteria could be well colonized in the wounds. On 4-5 d post-inoculation, the count of colonies was $10^8$ times of that upon inoculation. Electronmicroscopy indicated that the antagonistic bacteria delayed the germination of pathogenic spores in the wounds, and inhibited further elongations of the mycelia.

Regulation of the Boundaries of Accessible Chromatin

Chai, Xiaoran,Nagarajan, Sanjanaa,Kim, Kwoneel,Lee, Kibaick,Choi, Jung Kyoon Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS genetics Vol.9 No.9

<P>Regulatory regions maintain nucleosome-depleted, open chromatin status but simultaneously require the presence of nucleosomes for specific histone modifications. It remains unclear how these can be achieved for proper regulatory function. Here we demonstrate that nucleosomes positioned within accessible chromatin regions near the boundaries provide platforms for histone modifications while preventing the occlusion of regulatory elements. These boundary nucleosomes were particularly enriched for active or poised regulatory marks in human, such as histone acetylations, H3K4 methylations, H3K9me3, H3K79me2, and H4K20me1. Additionally, we found that based on a genome-wide profiling of ∼100 recombinant yeast strains, the location of open chromatin borders tends to vary mostly within 150 bp upon genetic perturbation whereas this positional variation increases in proportion to the sequence preferences of the underlying DNA for nucleosome formation. More than 40% of the local boundary shifts were associated with genetic variation in <I>cis</I>- or <I>trans</I>-acting factors. A sizeable fraction of the identified genetic factors was also associated with nearby gene expression, which was correlated with the distance between the transcription start site (tss) and the boundary that faces the tss. Taken together, the variation in the width of accessible chromatin regions may arise in conjunction with the modulation of the boundary nucleosomes by post-translational modifications or by chromatin regulators and in association with the activity of nearby gene transcription.</P><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Open chromatin formation and regulation are intimately coupled with nucleosome remodelling and modification. Regulatory regions such as promoters and enhancers maintain nucleosome-free, open chromatin states whilst at the same time the presence of nucleosomes is required for specific histone modifications. In this work, we carried out detailed analyses of our data of open chromatin maps for ∼100 different yeast strains and whole-genome nucleosome occupancy along with the public data of open chromatin and nucleosome positioning in human generated in the ENCODE project. We observed nucleosomes positioned within accessible chromatin regions near their boundaries. These boundary nucleosomes appeared to carry various histone methylations without hampering the binding of DNA regulators and sequence preferences for these nucleosomes were associated with variation in the width of accessible chromatin. The end positions of open chromatin domains, particularly with high intrinsic preferences for nucleosome formation, were more flexible than the middle point, changing mostly within 150 bp upon genetic perturbation. By using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, we identified genetic variants that are associated with the variation in the width of open chromatin and examined its relationship with nearby gene expression.</P>

가상현실(VR)문화재 게임의 재미(Fun)에 영향을 미치는 설계 요소 분석

위소연(XiaoRan Wei),오치규(Chi-Gyu Oh) 한국콘텐츠학회 2024 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

Chinese English Learners’ Perspectives on Automated Writing Feedback

Wang Xiaoran 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2023 멀티미디어 언어교육 Vol.26 No.2

This study examined Chinese college English learners’ perspectives of the automated writing feedback generated by Pigai, the most widely used automatic writing evaluation (AWE) tool in China. Additionally, this study investigated the differences in Chinese college learners’ perspectives of Pigai feedback according to their proficiency levels. Student participants included 70 students from two classes who took the same college English course at one Chinese university. The students in class A were higher level EFL learners, while students in class B were lower level EFL learners. In both classes, Pigai was incorporated into the process-based writing practice along with teacher feedback. Students’ perspectives of the automated writing feedback generated by Pigai were investigated via survey after the course. The findings revealed that all participants demonstrated highly positive perspectives. Besides, both higher- and lower-proficiency groups exhibited similar perspectives regardless of their proficiency levels. Moreover, most participants expressed a preference for receiving both Pigai feedback and teacher feedback integrated into their writing process. Practical implications were also discussed for writing instruction using AWE technology in EFL writing classes such as AWE tools can be used with teacher feedback together to assist writing for classes with students of various proficiency levels.

A Study on Chinese College Students’ Acceptance of Using Rain Classroom to Have Online English Courses During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Wang Xiaoran 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2022 외국학연구 Vol.- No.61

This study investigated Chinese college EFL learners’ perceptions of Rain Classroom, a technology adopted for online English learning and instruction, by applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model in order to determine what factors affected students’ perceptions a nd intentions to use it. This study analyzed the correlation between the variables of UTAUT2 and students’ acceptance of using Rain Classroom as a tool for delivering online College English courses during the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic in Beijing, China. The results from the analysis of data revealed that performance expectancy (PE), facilitating conditions (FC) and hedonic motivation (HM) all played a significant role in influencing college students’ continuance intention to use Rain Classroom for their future online study. Among these, HM was the strongest determinant of the future intention to use Rain Classroom. The constructs of effort expectancy (EE) and social influence (SI), however, did not have a significant impact on behavioral intention of college EFL students regarding Rain Classroom adoption. Practical implications and possible future study directions were also proposed based on the research findings.

지하철역 사인시스템의 커뮤니케이션 시각체계 연구 -중국 베이징 지하철역을 중심으로-

장효염(Xiaoran Zhang),이해만(Haiman Lee) 한국디자인학회 2019 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

중국과 한국 중학생의 음악수업에 대한 기대-가치와 학습참여의 차이

등소염(DENG XIAORAN) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.24

본 연구의 목적은 학습동기이론 중의 하나인 기대-가치이론(Expectancy-Value Theory; Eccles & Wigfield, 1995)을 이용하여 중국과 한국의 중학생을 대상으로 국가와 학년 및 성별에 따른 음악수업에 대한 가치지각과 기대믿음 및 학습참여에 대한 차이와 측정변수 간의 관계를 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상은 중학생 603명(중국학생=303명, 한국학생=300명)이며, 자료는 기술통계, 2(국가)×3(학년)×2(성별) 다변량 분석 및 상관분석을 통해 분석되었다. 삼원 다변량 분석을 실시한 결과는 학년이 올라갈수록 여학생이 남학생에 비해 음악수업에 대한 내적 가치를 훨씬 더 높게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 여학생은 남학생보다 음악수업에 대한 가치지각과 기대믿음 그리고 학습참여 수준이 훨씬 더 높았지만, 국가와 학년별에 따른 기대-가치 지각과 학습참여 수준에는 차이가 없었다. 본 결과는 중국과 한국의 여자 중학생이 남학생에 비해 음악수업의 가치와 기대믿음을 높게 지각하고 학습활동에 지속적으로 참여하기 위해 더 많은 노력을 기울인다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Chinese and Korean middle school students’ perception of expectancy-value and learning engagement in music classes differ across nationality, grades, and gender, and to examine the relationships among these dependent variables. Subjects were 603 middle school students (Chinese students=303, Korean students=300). Data were conducted using descriptive statistics, 2(nationality)×3(grades)×2(gender) MANOVA, and correlations. The results of three- way MANOVA indicated that the two-way interaction between grades and gender significantly influenced to the level of intrinsic value of music classes. Girls with high grade reported higher value perceptions, expectancy-related belief, and active learning engagement during music classes. These findings suggest that female students are willing to perceive higher expectancy-values in music classes and pour efforts into learning activities.