Impaired Na+ −K+-ATPase signaling in renal proximal tubule contributes to hyperuricemia-induced renal tubular injury

Jing Xiao,Xiaoli Zhang,Chensheng Fu,Qingmei Yang,Ying Xie,Zhenxing Zhang,Zhibin Ye 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Hyperuricemia contributes to renal inflammation. We aimed to investigate the role of Na+–K+–ATPase (NKA) in hyperuricemiainduced renal tubular injury. Human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were incubated with uric acid (UA) at increasing doses or for increasing lengths of time. PTECs were then stimulated by pre-incubation with an NKA α1 expression vector or small interfering RNA before UA (100 μg ml−1, 48 h) stimulation. Hyperuricemic rats were induced by gastric oxonic acid and treated with febuxostat (Feb). ATP levels, the activity of NKA and expression of its α1 subunit, Src, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured both in vitro and in vivo. Beginning at concentrations of 100 μg ml−1, UA started to dose-dependently reduce NKA activity. UA at a concentration of 100 μg ml−1 time-dependently affected the NKA activity, with the maximal increased NKA activity at 24 h, but the activity started to decrease after 48 h. This inhibitory effect of UA on NKA activity at 48 h was in addition to a decrease in NKA α1 expression in the cell membrane, but an increase in lysosomes. This process also involved the subsequent activation of Src kinase and NLRP3, promoting IL-1β processing. In hyperuricemic rats, renal cortex NKA activity and its α1 expression were upregulated at the 7th week and both decreased at the 10th week, accompanied with increased renal cortex expression of Src, NLRP3 and IL-1β. The UA levels were reduced and renal tubular injuries in hyperuricemic rats were alleviated in the Feb group. Our data suggested that the impairment of NKA and its consequent regulation of Src, NLRP3 and IL-1β in the renal proximal tubule contributed to hyperuricemia-induced renal tubular injury.

Influence of zircon on cristobalite crystallization of silicabased ceramic cores

Jing-jing Liang,Quan-hong Lin,Xuan Zhang,Tao Jin,Xiao-feng Sun,최백규,김인수,도정현,조창용 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.8

Zircon is usually used as a main additive to silica-based ceramic core materials in precise investment casting in order toimprove their high temperature properties. But there is still a disagreement in its effect on crystallization behavior of fusedsilica. In this study, cristobalite crystallization of fused silica in three silica-based core materials containing 10, 30 and 50 wt%zircon respectively were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energydispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS). Results showed that zircon addition had neglected effect on cristobalite crystallizationduring sintering at 1180 oC, 1200 oC, and 1220 oC, but could decrease crystallization during simulated casting process at1500 oC. It was suggested that diffusion of zirconium atoms played a crucial role in this suppressing behavior of zircon on thecristobalite crystallization. During cooling from 1500 oC, cristobalite transformation from β to α caused microcracks in thesesamples that containing 10% or 30% zircon. But when zircon content increased to 50%, crack was prevented. Less phasetransformation of fused silica → cristobalite and enhanced strength by zircon was supposed to be the reason that wasresponsible for prevented cracks.

How does family cultural capital influence the individuals’ development? —case study about left-behind children in China

Xiao, Jing,Liu, Xu 서울대학교 교육연구소 2023 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.24 No.1

This study provides an empirical investigation into the lives of kindergarten-aged left-behind children (LBC) who could not migrate with their parents in rural China. Two research questions are answered as follows: (1) What are the characteristics of the LBC in kindergarten and at home? and (2) How does family cultural capital influence the LBC’s behaviors in kindergarten and at home? The study employs Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital, with a qualitative case study approach based on interpretivism being adopted. It was found that the LBC present different characteristics in kindergarten and at home and that their particular form of family cultural capital/environment is not supportive of their school-based development in China. The data on the LBC in the study provide insight into practices for policymakers and academics.

Synthesis of biscoumarin and dihydropyran derivatives as two novel classes of potential anti-bacterial derivatives

Jing Li,Xiao-yan Xue,Xia Li,Zheng Hou,Xiao-hui Yang 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.10

A series of bisoumarin (1–4) and dihydropyran (5–8) derivatives were successfully synthesized as new antibacterial agents. The molecular structures of three representative compounds 1, 5 and 7 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Among these compounds tested toward Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 29213), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA XJ 75302), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (Mu50 ATCC 700699), and USA 300 (Los Angeles County clone, LAC), compounds 1 and 2 displayed the most potent antibacterial activity. Additionally, the HB energy in biscoumarins 1–4 was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) [B3LYP/6-31G*] method.

Effect of SiCp size on wear behavior of SiCp/Cu matrix composite

Xiao-Jing Xu,Seock-Sam Kim,Young-Jun Jang,Dong-Woo Shin 한국트라이볼로지학회 2004 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.38 No.-

SiC particulate reinforced copper (SiCp/Cu) matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy, using SiCp of various grit sizes (a nominal diameter of 30㎚, 130㎚ and 14㎛, respectively) and micron Cu as the raw materials. The resulting composites specimens were hot extruded to get rid of the possible void and increase compactness. The friction and wear behaviors of various SiCp reinforced SiCp/Cu matrix composites sliding against a AISI5140 steel under the lubrication of 20<SUP>#</SUP> machinery oil were investigated on an MM-200 friction and wear tester in a block-on-ring configuration, using a pure copper fabricated by the above same manufacture method and a commercial bronze alloy (6.5-0.4 bronze) as a control. The microstructures and worn surface morphologies of the SiCp/Cu composites and the counterpart AISI5140 steel was observed on a scanning electron microscopy, while the elemental compositions on the worn surfaces of various SiCp/Cu matrix composites were determined by means of energy dispersive spectroscopy. As the results, the incorporation of the SiCp of various grit sizes contributed to increase the wear-resistance of the Cu-matrix materials considerably. The SiCp/Cu matrix composite reinforced with the SiCp of larger grit size showed better wear-resistance than that reinforced with the SiCp of smaller grit sizes. However, the SiCp/Cu matrix composite reinforced with larger SiCp lead to a more severe scuffing to the counterpart steel surface, which was characterized by more severe transfer and adhesion of the counterpart steel wear debris onto the SiCp/Cu matrix composites worn surface. Therefore, in terms of the comprehensive wear-resistance of the frictional pair, it was suggested to select the SiCp/Cu matrix composite reinforced with the SiCp size of 130㎚ to mate the AISI5140 steel.

BTXA Could Induce Fibroblast Apoptosis and Inhibit the Expression of α-SMA and Myosin II in Scar Tissue of Rabbit Ears

Jing Wang,Dongqing Liu,Xinyi Li,Xiao-Jing Li 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.5

Purpose This study aims to explore the effects of BTXA on the proteins that affect the contraction of fibroblasts. Moreover, the optimal dose of BTXA on hypertrophic scars has not yet been determined. The current study investigated the effect of different doses of BTXA on scar formation. Materials and Methods 18 rabbits’ ears of New Zealand rabbits were used to establish hypertrophic scar model. These wounds were divided into four groups as group B (treated with deferent dosage of BTXA), group T (treated with TAC), group S (not treated), and group C (normal skin). Fibroblast apoptosis was detected by the method of TUNEL. Collagen I, III, and TGF-β1 expression were examined by western blotting method. The immunohistochemical staining and computerized image analysis were used to measure the optical density (OD value) of positive staining of α-SMA and myosin II. Results With increasing BTXA dose, the apoptotic rates increased. Western blot showed that Collagen fibrils and TGF-β1 proteins were expressed lower with the increasing of dose of BTXA (P < 0.05). α-SMA and myosin II in Group B were significantly decreased than those in Group T (P < 0.05), moreover, more myosin II can be reduced with high concentrations of BTXA (2.0 IU). Conclusions It was shown that BTXA could induce fibroblast apoptosis and inhibit the expression of α-SMA and myosin II, which can inhibit FB contraction. It plays a positive role in the treatment of scar.

CORE AND SUB-CHANNEL EVALUATION OF A THERMAL SCWR

XIAO-JING LIU,XU CHENG 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.5

A previous study demonstrated that the two-row fuel assembly has much more favorable neutron-physical and thermalhydraulic behavior than the conventional one-row fuel assemblies. Based on the newly developed two-row fuel assembly, an SCWR core is proposed and analyzed. The performance of the proposed core is investigated with 3-D coupled neutron-physical and thermal-hydraulic calculations. During the coupling procedure, the thermal-hydraulic behavior is analyzed using a sub-channel analysis code and the neutron-physical performance is computed with a 3-D diffusion code. This paper presents the main results achieved thus far related to the distribution of some neutronic and thermal-hydraulic parameters. It shows that with adjustment of the coolant and moderator mass flow in different assemblies, promising neutron-physical and thermal-hydraulic behavior of the SCWR core is achieved. A sensitivity study of the heat transfer correlation is also performed. Since the pin power in fuel assemblies can be non-uniform, a sub-channel analysis is necessary in order to investigate the detailed distribution of thermal-hydraulic parameters in the hottest fuel assembly. The sub-channel analysis is performed based on the bundle averaged parameters obtained with the core analysis. With the sub-channel analysis approach, more precise evaluation of the hot channel factor and maximum cladding surface temperature can be achieved. The difference in the results obtained with both the sub-channel analysis and the fuel assembly homogenized method confirms the importance of the sub-channel analysis.

Effect of the Oxygen Flux Ratio on the Structural and the Optical Properties of Silver-oxide Films Deposited by Using the Direct-current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Method

Xiao-Yong Gao,Hong-Liang Feng,Zeng-Yuan Zhang,Jiao-Min Ma,Meng-Ke Zhao,Chao Chen,Jin-Hua Gu,Shi-E Yang,Yong-Sheng Chen,Jing-Xiao Lu 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.2

Using values of the oxygen flux ratio (OFR = [O2]/[Ar]) ranging from 0 to 0.5, authors deposited a series of silver-oxide (Ag_xO) films on glass substrates by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering (DC sputtering) at a substrate temperature of 150 ℃. The effect of the OFR on the film’s structural and optical properties was systematically investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The Ag_xO films deposited clearly show an evolution of the film’s phase structure from the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) structure to the biphased (AgO + Ag_2O) structure and then to the single-phased (Ag_2O) structure as value of the OFR increases. Accordingly, the film’s surface morphology, related to the film’s crystalline structure, clearly changes from a loose and porous surface structure to a compact surface structure and then to a pyramid-like surface structure with increasing value of the OFR. The novel porous structure may be attributed to the interruption of the silver’s growth course by the AgO on the film’s surface. Notably, a single-phased Ag_2O film is deposited by DC-sputtering at OFR = 0.5 due to the dual effects of thermal decomposition of the AgO phase and a combination reaction of AgO and Ag to Ag_2O. The oscillations both in the film’s reflectivity and transmissivity spectra are strengthened with increasing OFR, indicating an evolution from the metallic behavior of the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) film to the dielectric behavior of the biphased (Ag_2O + AgO) film and the single-phased Ag2O film. The fitted optical absorption edges of the Ag_2O and the Ag_xO films deposited at values of the OFR of 0.5 and 0.33 are approximately 2.43 eV and 2.34 eV, respectively. The absorption edges are closely related to the direct interband transitions.

Global and Local Moth-flame Optimization Algorithm for UAV Formation Path Planning Under Multi-constraints

Xiao-Jing Wu,Lei Xu,Ran Zhen,Xue-Li Wu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.3

To improve the global and local search ability of moth-flame optimization algorithm, three optimization strategies are proposed in this paper, namely chaos-based moth initialization, adaptive weighted position update strategy and population diversity improvement strategy. In moth initialization process, chaos-based Logistic map is adopted to improve population diversity. Then, a nonlinear weighting factor is introduced into the spiral function to adaptively balance the global and local search ability. Besides, new moth is generated by population diversity improvement strategy, which improves diversity and optimality of the population. Finally, simulation tests of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation under multi-constraints are carried out and comparison results show that the proposed global and local moth-flame optimization algorithm has the superiority in rapidity and optimality in UAV path planning problem compared with the latest path planning algorithms.

Gene-metabolite network analysis in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotypes

Xiao-Lin Liu,Ya-Nan Ming,Jing-Yi Zhang,Xiao-Yu Chen,Min-De Zeng,Yi-Min Mao 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-

We sought to identify common key regulators and build a gene-metabolite network in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) phenotypes. We used a high-fat diet (HFD), a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and streptozocin (STZ) to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFL+type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat models, respectively. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed in rat livers and serum. A functional network-based regulation model was constructed using Cytoscape with information derived from transcriptomics and metabolomics. The results revealed that 96 genes, 17 liver metabolites and 4 serum metabolites consistently changed in different NAFLD phenotypes (42-fold, Po0.05). Gene-metabolite network analysis identified ccl2 and jun as hubs with the largest connections to other genes, which were mainly involved in tumor necrosis factor, P53, nuclear factor-kappa B, chemokine, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The specifically regulated genes and metabolites in different NAFLD phenotypes constructed their own networks, which were mainly involved in the lipid and fatty acid metabolism in HFD models, the inflammatory and immune response in MCDD models, and the AMPK signaling pathway and response to insulin in HFD+STZ models. Our study identified networks showing the general and specific characteristics in different NAFLD phenotypes, complementing the genetic and metabolic features in NAFLD with hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations.