한,중 소비자의 공정무역에 대한 인식, 제품 구매의도와 소비자교육 요구

( Xiao Can Chen ),이승신 ( Seung Sin Lee ) 대한가정학회 2015 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.53 No.3

Fair trade is international trade that pays just wages, supplies stable and eco-friendly products, and supports the sustainable development of economies. This study examined consumers ‘cognition of fair trade, product intention of fair trade products, and consumer demand for fair trade education. We compare these variables between Korean and Chinese consumers and explored variables that affect consumers’ cognition, purchase intentions and consumer education demand. This study randomly targeted 428 adult consumers in Seoul (219) and Beijing (209) to grasp the demand of customer education and a purchasing intention for fair trade products. The results of this study are as follows. First, participants showed a low cognition of fair trade and purchase intention, while consumer demand for fair trade education on concept, campaign and effect had a comparatively higher level. Chinese consumers showed a higher level of purchase intention, but a lower level of consumer education demand for fair trade concepts. Second, a higher education level resulted in a higher cognition of fair trade by Korean consumers and more experienced Chinese consumers had a higher cognition. Third, the cognition of fair trade affected the purchase intentions positively for both in Korean and Chinese consumers. Finally, cognition and purchase intention showed positive effects of the consumer demand for fair trade education on concept, campaign, and effect.

고대 중국의 수학 간독의 출토상황과 문서서식 및 연구 근황

蕭燦(Xiao, Can),송진영 한국목간학회 2016 목간과 문자 Vol.0 No.17

오늘날까지 출토된 진한 간독 중 비교적 온전한 4권의 고대 중국 算數書가 있는데, 그중 두 권은 이미 정리되어 출판되었다. 算數書의 주된 내용은 각종 계산 문제·연산법이고, 도량형제도, 수학에 대한 전반적인 논술도 기재되어 있다. 계산 문제에는 특정 문서 형식과 수학 전문용어가 있으며, 분수는 한자로, 數는 문자기록과 刻齒 기록 두 종류의 방식으로 기록하였다. 중국 고대 계산 수단인 ‘九九表’는 죽간에 칸을 구분하여 서사한 표이다. 이미 알려진 두 가지는 ‘小九九表’(예:裏耶秦簡 九九表)와 ‘大九九表’(예: 清華大學藏 戰國簡九九表, 100 이내의 임의의 두 자릿수 곱셈이 가능)가 있고, 九九表의 사용과 관련된 곱셈구결이 算數書에 기재되어있다. 고대 중국 수학과 관련된 간독 중 비교적 온전한 4권의 고대 중국 算數書로는 湖南長沙嶽麓書院藏秦簡『數』(이하 ‘嶽麓秦簡『數』’로 약칭)·北京大學藏秦簡『算書』(이하 ‘北大秦簡『算書』’로 약칭)·湖北江陵張家山漢簡『算數書』(이하 ‘張家山漢簡『算數書』’로 약칭)·湖北雲夢睡虎地漢簡『算術』(이하 ‘睡虎地漢簡『算術』’로 약칭) 이 있다. 기타 출토 수학 간독들은 온전하지 않거나 잔결이 심하다. 예를 들면, 安徽阜陽雙古堆漢簡 『算術書』가 있다. 그리고 어떤 문헌의 내용에는 수학계산이 있는 것도 있다. 예를 들면, 甘肅天水放馬灘秦簡에는 日·辰·時를 계산하여 질병이 있는지 점을 친 기록이 있다. 중국 고대 계산 수단인 ‘九九表’는 죽간에 칸을 구분하여 서사한 표이다. 이미 알려진 두 가지 종류로는 ‘小九九表’(예:裏耶秦簡 九九表)와 ‘大九九表’(예: 清華大學藏 戰國簡九九表, 100 이내의 임의의 두 자릿수 곱셈이 가능), 九九表의 사용과 관련된 곱셈구결이 算數書에 기재되어 있다. Till present, among the unearthed bamboo strips originated from Qin Dynasty(221 BC-207BC) and Han Dynasty(202BC-AD220), there are four volume comprehensive primary documents of Chinese mathematics in the third century BC and beyond, in which two volumes have been published. The main content is regarding such aspects as follows, mathematical problems, algorithms, system of weights and measures, etc. As well, mathematical problem has special format and technical term, e.g. Chinese characters were used for the fraction expression. Both the characters and nick were adopted for the counting. Moreover, ‘九九表times table’(decimal multiplication table), an ancient Chinese calculating tool, was originally assembled based on bamboo slices and written via the table in columns; According to the already issued versions, there are “小九九表little times table”, (such as times table hidden in 裏耶 LiYe town), and “大九九表big times table”, (such as times table owned by Tsinghua University, which is spring from around 305 BC. It is a times table for multiplying numbers up to 99.5.) The associated calculating rules of the times table were also recorded in the unearthed bamboo strips.

Relation between Ki-67, ER, PR, Her2/neu, p21, EGFR, and TOP II-α Expression in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer Patients and Correlations with Prognosis

Yan, Jian,Liu, Xiao-Long,Han, Lu-Zhe,Xiao, Gang,Li, Ning-Lei,Deng, Yi-Nan,Yin, Liang-Chun,Ling, Li-Juan,Yu, Xiao-Yuan,Tan, Can-Liang,Huang, Xiao-Ping,Liu, Li-Xin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the transcription factor Ki-67, ER, PR, Her2/neu, p21, EGFR, and TOP II-${\alpha}$ in the tumor tissue of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC); in addition, we examined correlations between these markers. Two hundred and sixteen IDC patients, who were not previously been treated with chemo- or radiotherapy, were included in the study. All tumors were grade I-III. Expression of molecular markers was determined by immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Follow-up data were collected for 3 months to 10 years and analyzed for tumor recurrence, survival time, and prognostic risk factors. We determined Ki-67 expression correlates with the expression of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, and TOP-${\alpha}$, as well as lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumor stage, and high TNM stage in IDC. Positive Ki-67 expression was a risk factor for rapid tumor recurrence and may help tumor progression, leading to poor prognosis in IDC. Ki-67 was directly correlated with EGFR, TOP II-${\alpha}$, lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumor stage, and high TNM stage in the hormone receptor subtypes of breast cancer. In triple negative breast cancer, Ki-67 correlated with TOP II-${\alpha}$. Expression of Ki-67 correlated with that of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, TOP II-${\alpha}$, and p21. In addition, the biomarker Ki-67 has a role as a prognostic factor and indicates a poor prognosis in IDC.

Quantum Dots Formed in Three-dimensional Dirac Semimetal Cd₃As₂ Nanowires

Jung, Minkyung,Yoshida, Kenji,Park, Kidong,Zhang, Xiao-Xiao,Yesilyurt, Can,Siu, Zhuo Bin,Jalil, Mansoor B. A.,Park, Jinwan,Park, Jeunghee,Nagaosa, Naoto,Seo, Jungpil,Hirakawa, Kazuhiko American Chemical Society 2018 NANO LETTERS Vol.18 No.3

<P>We demonstrate quantum dot (QD) formation in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd<SUB>3</SUB>As<SUB>2</SUB> nanowires using two electrostatically tuned p-n junctions with a gate and magnetic fields. The linear conductance measured as a function of gate voltage under high magnetic fields is strongly suppressed at the Dirac point close to zero conductance, showing strong conductance oscillations. Remarkably, in this regime, the Cd<SUB>3</SUB>As<SUB>2</SUB> nanowire device exhibits Coulomb diamond features, indicating that a clean single QD forms in the Dirac semimetal nanowire. Our results show that a p-type QD can be formed between two n-type leads underneath metal contacts in the nanowire by applying gate voltages under strong magnetic fields. Analysis of the quantum confinement in the gapless band structure confirms that p-n junctions formed between the p-type QD and two neighboring n-type leads under high magnetic fields behave as resistive tunnel barriers due to cyclotron motion, resulting in the suppression of Klein tunneling. The p-type QD with magnetic field-induced confinement shows a single hole filling. Our results will open up a route to quantum devices such as QDs or quantum point contacts based on Dirac and Weyl semimetals.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

An Investigation into the Characteristics of a Novel Rotatable Pantograph Catenary System for High-Speed Trains

Xiao Song,Luo Yuanpei,Wu Jingchi,Zhang Can,Rao Yang,Wu Guangning,Deng Zhida,Sykulski Jan K. 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3

High speed trains receive traction electrical energy from a high-voltage catenary via a pantograph catenary system (PCS). As the velocity of trains increases, the traditional PCSs face signifi cant challenges, such as strong aero resistance under highspeed conditions, severe electrochemical corrosion caused by poor contact between the pantograph strip and the catenary, harmful wear both on the pantograph strip and the contact wire produced by high-speed sliding friction between them, etc. The eff ectiveness and reliability of the PCS has a direct impact on the performance and safety of the HTS power supply. In order to alleviate some of these bottleneck eff ects related to the operation of the currently used PCSs, especially under high-speed conditions, this paper proposes a novel confi guration where rotatable pantograph rollers replace the currently used pantograph strips. As the sliding friction is now replaced by rotating friction, this has numerous benefi ts, such as less friction heat, better heat dispersion and improved catenary-tracking performance. Moreover, should the whole system be modularized, it could adapt to diff erent levels of traction power through adjusting the number of rollers.

Physical Characteristics of Lighting Environment and Physiological Change of Drivers in Tunnel

Can Qin,Bo Liang,Jinghang Xiao,Jia’an Niu,Shiyong He 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.5

The physical characteristics (i.e., road surface luminance, sidewall luminance, overall uniformity of luminance, and longitudinal uniformity of luminance) of the tunnel and the physiological change (i.e., pupil diameter and heart rate) of the drivers were investigated by the real vehicle tests and the whole scale model. Experiments were carried out in the real tunnel and the whole scale model with the sidewalls covered by the energy-storage and self-luminous material coating (ESMC) and the fireproof material coating (FMC). The results also show that compared to FMC, the luminance and the luminance uniformity were higher, and the pupil diameter and heart rate of drivers were smaller for ESMC. Furthermore, the physical characteristics of the light environment are negatively correlated with the physiological change of drivers. Moreover, each decrease of 1 cd/mm2 in road surface luminance and sidewall luminance, the pupil diameter increase by 0.54 and 1.06 mm, the heart rate increase 7.29 and 14.15 times/min, respectively. Each decrease of 0.1 in luminance uniformity, the pupil diameter increase by 0.33 mm, the mean heart rate increase 4.41 times/min, respectively.

Novel Two-dimensional Network Based on Amino-acid-octamolybdate Bridged by Second Metals: {M(H2O)3(pro)Mo4O13}2?H2O (pro = proline, M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)

Xiao-Yuan Wu,Can-Zhong Lu*,Chang-Kun Xia,Shu-Mei Chen,Jiu-Hui Liu,Li-Juan Chen,Wen-Bin Yang 대한화학회 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.8

Novel Two-dimensional Network Based on Amino-acid-octamolybdate Bridged by Second Metals: {M(H₂O)₃(pro)Mo₄O₁₃}₂·2H₂O (pro = proline, M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)

Wu, Xiao-Yuan,Lu, Can-Zhong,Xia, Chang-Kun,Chen, Shu-Mei,Liu, Jiu-Hui,Chen, Li-Juan,Yang, Wen-Bin Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.8

Four isostructural amino-acid-based polyoxomolybdates, {$M(H_2O)_3(pro)Mo_4O_{13}$}$_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ (pro = proline, M = Co (1), Ni (2), Cu (3), Zn (4)), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum, TG analysis. The structures of 1-4 are layered networks built up from {$Mo_8O_{26}(pro)_2$}$^{4-}$ units and {$M(H_2O)_3O_3$} octahedra, the uncoordinated water molecules occupying the interlayer regions.

A Resistive Memory in Semiconducting BiFeO₃ Thin‐Film Capacitors

Jiang, An Quan,Wang, Can,Jin, Kui Juan,Liu, Xiao Bing,Scott, James F.,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Tang, Ting Ao,Lu, Hui Bin,Yang, Guo Zhen WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.10

<P><B>A ferroelectric‐resistive random access memory consisting of a conductive BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB></B> epitaxial thin film with a unipolar diode current modulated by electric polarization orientation is reported. This device has a memory that lasts for months, a sufficiently high on current and on/off ratio to permit ordinary sense amplifiers to measure “1” or “0”, and is fully compatible with complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor processing. </P>

The Effect of Hygrothermal Aging on the Properties of Epoxy Resin

Wang, Youyuan,Liu, Yu,Xiao, Kun,Wang, Can,Zhang, Zhanxi The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

Because of excellent electrical properties, epoxy resin is widely used in packaging and casting power equipment. Moisture and temperature in the environment are inclined to seriously affect the insulation tolerance of epoxy resin. This work focuses on the aging characteristics of epoxy resin in hygrothermal environment. Scanning electron microscopy images show that there are micro-crack, micro-slit and holes inside aged samples. The moisture absorption process undergoes three equilibrium stages and it does not follow the Fick's second law. Observing the change of hydrogen bonds in the infrared spectra of the dried samples, it is found that chemically moisture absorption immerges when the physical moisture absorption entered the third equilibrium stage. By Debye equation to fit the imaginary part of the dielectric constant, it is concluded that the uniformity of water molecule has a great influence on the electrical conductivity loss. Furthermore, the polarization loss can be more easily affected by water molecules than small free molecules. After the aged samples being dried, their real and imaginary part of the dielectric constant descend, but their original electrical properties cannot completely restored. After chemical moisture absorption appears inside the material, the residual space charges increase significantly and the charge dissipation rate slow down obviously.