The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

Xiao‑xia Ma,Yi‑ning Wang,Xiao‑an Cao,Xue‑rui Li,Yong‑sheng Liu,Jian‑hua Zhou,Xue‑peng Cai 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.9

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) with a conserved amino acid usage pattern plays an important role in viral replication. The primary objective of this study was to estimate roles of synonymous codon usages of PPRV N gene and tRNA abundances of host in the formation of secondary structure of N protein. The potential effects of synonymous codon usages of N gene and tRNA abundances of host on shaping different folding units (α-helix, β-strand and the coil) in N protein were estimated, based on the information about the modeling secondary structure of PPRV N protein. The synonymous codon usage bias was found in different folding units in PPRV N protein. To better understand the role of translation speed caused by variant tRNA abundances in shaping the specific folding unit in N protein, we modeled the changing trends of tRNA abundance at the transition boundaries from one folding unit to another folding unit (β-strand → coil, coil → β-strand, α-helix → coil, coil → α-helix). The obvious fluctuations of tRNA abundance were identified at the two transition boundaries (β-strand → coil and coil → β-strand) in PPRV N protein. Our findings suggested that viral synonymous codon usage bias and cellular tRNA abundance variation might have potential effects on the formation of secondary structure of PPRV N protein.

Treatment of fever with traditional Chinese medicine according to Zheng on cancer patients (based on case reports)

Peng Cao,Lan-Ying Liu,Xue-Ting Cai,Xiao-Ning Wang,Jie-Ge Huo,Zhong-Ying Zhou 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2012 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.2 No.2

Fever in cancer patients is often due to the following causes: evil qi and toxity stagnancy, disorders of qi and blood, deficiencies of zang and fu organs, and the disorder of yin and yang. The treatments given to cancer patients with a fever are according to five: (a) Excessive inner heat and toxicants: remove heat and the toxicant, induce purgation. We use Cheng-Qi-Tang plus Qing-Wen-Bai-Du-Yin. (b) Tangle of damp and heat, and qi stagnancy: remove damp and heat, smooth the qi channel. We use Gan-Lu-Xiao-Du-Dan or San-Ren-Tang. (c) Obvious blood and heat stagnancy: remove heat and blood stasis. We use Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. (d) Deficiency of spleen qi, inner heat caused by a yin deficiency: nourish spleen qi and yin to remove the inner heat. We use Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang or Xiao-Jian-Zhong-Tang. (e) Prominent yin deficiency and hectic fever: replenish yin and remove inner heat. We use Qing-Hao-Bie-Jia-Tang or Chai-Qian-Mei-Lian-San. The pathogenesis of fever in cancer patients is complicated. We can see both deficiency and excess in one differentiation. Therefore, we must make sure of it, then we can get the most effective treatment.

Metabolomic analysis of biochemical changes in the tissue and urine of proteoglycan-induced spondylitis in mice after treatment with moxibustion

Xiao Xu,Ya-Nan Shi,Rong-Yun Wang,Cai-Yan Ding,Xiao Zhou,Yu-Fei Zhang,Zhi-Ling Sun,Zhi-Qin Sun,Qiu-Hua Sun 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.1

Background: Moxibustion is widely used in East Asian countries to manage the symptom of rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify potential metabolic profiles of moxibustion on relieving ankylosing spondylitis (AS) mice through UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS metabolomic study. Methods: Thirty-two female Balb/c mice were randomized into healthy control (HC), AS model, moxibustion at acupuncture points (MA) in AS model, and moxibustion at non-acupuncture points (MNA) AS model groups. Moxibustion was administered daily at GV4, bilateral BL23 and bilateral ST36 acupuncture points for four weeks in the MA group. The overall health status, the thickness of hind paws and the tissue concentrations of IL-1β, PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed. The UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to explore the perturbations of endogenous metabolites in tissue and urine of AS model mice intervened by moxibustion. Results: Compared with the AS group, the overall health status was significantly improved after 4-week moxibustion intervention (p < 0.05). The results also showed that MA significantly reduced the levels of paw thickness and decreased the levels of four cytokines in the tissue (p < 0.01). Thirty-seven endogenous metabolites identified by the OPLS-DA were considered to be contributing to therapeutic effects of moxibustion. Moreover, metabolic pathway analysis further revealed that the identified metabolites were mainly involved in TCA cycle, Lipid metabolism, Amino Acid metabolism, Intestinal flora metabolism and Purine metabolism. Conclusions: UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS based metabolomics approach, as a novel and powerful tool, can help us to gain the insights into potential mechanisms of action of moxibustion for AS.

Necessary and Sufficient Condition of Optimal Control for Networked Control Systems with Markovian Packet Dropouts

Xiao Lu,Yuanyu Cai,Guilin Zhang,Hongxia Wang,Haixia Wang,Xiao Liang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.5

This paper considers optimal control problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with Markovian packet dropouts. Since previous literatures generally consider the one-way Markovian packet dropouts, i.e., from the sensor to the estimator or from the controller to the actuator. To make a further study of this issue, we aim to give the complete solution to the control problem of the two-way Markovian packet dropouts, i.e., from the sensor to the estimator and from the controller to the actuator. Firstly, by applying the Pontryagin’s maximum principle and mathematical induction method, a solution to the forward and backward stochastic difference equations (FBSDEs) is derived. Secondly, in virtue of the solution to the FBSDEs, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the optimal control problem. Thirdly, the optimal controller is given based on the complete square method. Finally, numerical examples are proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Meromorphic functions sharing 1CM+1IM concerning periodicities and shifts

Xiao-Hua Cai,Jun-Fan Chen 대한수학회 2019 대한수학회보 Vol.56 No.1

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problems of meromorphic functions sharing values concerning periodicities and shifts. In this paper we prove the following result: Let $f(z)$ and $g(z)$ be two nonconstant entire functions, let $c\in\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\}$, and let $a_1$, $a_2$ be two distinct finite complex numbers. Suppose that $\mu\left(f\right)\neq1$, $\rho_2\left(f\right)<1$, and $f(z)=f(z+c)$ for all $z\in\mathbb{C}$. If $f(z)$ and $g(z)$ share $a_1$ CM, $a_2$ IM, then $f(z)\equiv g(z)$. Moreover, examples are given to show that all the conditions are necessary.

FBXL20-mediated Vps34 ubiquitination as a p53 controlled checkpoint in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation

Xiao, Juan,Zhang, Tao,Xu, Daichao,Wang, Huibing,Cai, Yu,Jin, Taijie,Liu, Min,Jin, Mingzhi,Wu, Kejia,Yuan, Junying Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2015 Genes & development Vol.29 No.2

<P>Vps34, the catalytic subunit in the class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase complexes, mediates the production of PtdIns3P, a key intracellular lipid involved in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation. Xiao et al. show that DNA damage-activated mitotic arrest and CDK activation lead to the phosphorylation of Vps34. This provides a signal to promote Vps34 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation mediated by FBXL20, leading to inhibition of autophagy and receptor endocytosis. Importantly, they also find that expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription.</P><P>Vacuolar protein-sorting 34 (Vps34), the catalytic subunit in the class III PtdIns3 (phosphatidylinositol 3) kinase complexes, mediates the production of PtdIns3P, a key intracellular lipid involved in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation. However, the signal transduction pathways by which extracellular signals regulate Vps34 complexes and the downstream cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that DNA damage-activated mitotic arrest and CDK activation lead to the phosphorylation of Vps34, which provides a signal to promote its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation mediated by FBXL20 (an F-box protein) and the associated Skp1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein-1)–Cullin1 complex, leading to inhibition of autophagy and receptor endocytosis. Furthermore, we show that the expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription. Our study provides a molecular pathway by which DNA damage regulates Vps34 complexes and its downstream mechanisms, including autophagy and receptor endocytosis, through SCF (Skp1–Cul1–F-box)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Since the expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription, the control of Vps34 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by FBXL20 and the associated SCF complex expression provides a novel checkpoint for p53 to regulate autophagy and receptor degradation in DNA damage response.</P>

Laser Joining of Ti3Al-Based Alloy to Ni-Based Superalloy using a Titanium Interlayer

Xiao-Long Cai,Da-Qian Sun,Hong-Mei Li,Hong-Ling Guo,Yan Zhang,Ying-ying Che 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.19 No.8

Joining Ti3Al-based alloy to Ni-based superalloy is of great interest for applications in the aerospace fields. Direct welding of these two materials was very difficult and the joint usually fractured during laser welding which cannot form an effective welding joint. In this work, a pure titanium interlayer with a thickness of 0.4 mm was used between the base metals. The results indicated that the addition of titanium interlayer has a great effect on the joint performance. No macrocracks were found through the whole joint. The average room-temperature tensile strength of the joint with titanium was 177 MPa which still much lower than the two base metals. The weak link of the dissimilar joint was the Ti3Al/weld interface. The presence of Ti2Ni, α2-Ti3Al and AlNi2Ti brittle intermetallic compounds in the Ti3Al/weld interface deteriorated the joint properties.

Low Counts of γδ T Cells in Peritumoral Liver Tissue are Related to More Frequent Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Yi, Yong,He, Hong-Wei,Ni, Xiao-Chun,Zhou, Jian,Cheng, Yun-Feng,Jin, Jian-Jun,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Objectives: TCR-gamma-delta+T cells (${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells) are non-conventional T lymphocytes that can recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Our previous studies showed that infiltration and function of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells were substantially attenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their prognostic value was not clarified. Methods: The association between ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells and the clinical outcomes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a HCC patient cohort (n = 342). Results:Immunohistochemistry showed decreased infiltration of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in tumoral tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. The counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral tissues were negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that the levels of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$T cells were related to both time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010 and P = 0.036, respectively) in univariate analysis, and related to TTR in multivariate analysis (P = 0.014, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.682 [0.502-0.927]). Furthermore, the level of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells showed independent prognostic value for TTR in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients (P = 0.038, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.727 [0.537-0.984]). However, tumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells did not show independent prognostic value for either TTR or OS in HCC patients. Conclusions: Low counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral liver tissue are related to a higher incidence of recurrence in HCC and can predict postoperative recurrence, especially in those with early-stage HCC.

Three new species of the genus Rhodesiella from Nanling Mountains, China (Diptera: Chloropidae)

Cai Xiao-Dong,Liu Xiao-Yan,Yang Ding 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

The species of the genus Rhodesiella Adams, 1905 from the Nanling Mountains of China are reviewed with the descriptions of the following three new species: Rhodesiella excavata sp. nov., Rhodesiella nanlingiae sp. nov. and Rhodesiella punctihalterata sp. nov. A key to the species of Rhodesiella from the Nanling Mountains is given. Comments and feature figures of new species are provided for identification. https://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4F1DBB5-3F1E-41EF-8AA3-D5EA86037F4B

MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS SHARING 1CM+1IM CONCERNING PERIODICITIES AND SHIFTS

Cai, Xiao-Hua,Chen, Jun-Fan Korean Mathematical Society 2019 대한수학회보 Vol.56 No.1

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problems of meromorphic functions sharing values concerning periodicities and shifts. In this paper we prove the following result: Let f(z) and g(z) be two nonconstant entire functions, let $c{\in}{\mathbb{C}}{\setminus}\{0\}$, and let $a_1$, $a_2$ be two distinct finite complex numbers. Suppose that ${\mu}(f){\neq}1$, ${\rho}_2(f)<1$, and f(z) = f(z+c) for all $z{\in}{\mathbb{C}}$. If f(z) and g(z) share $a_1$ CM, $a_2$ IM, then $f(z){\equiv}g(z)$. Moreover, examples are given to show that all the conditions are necessary.