Susceptibility Genes for Multiple Sclerosis Identifed in a Gene-Based Genome-Wide Association Study

Xiang Lin,Fei-Yan Deng,Xin Lu,Shu-Feng Lei 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.4

Background and Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and infammatory disease of the central nervous system. Te aim of this study was to identify more genes associated with MS. Methods Based on the publicly available data of the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes, we conducted a powerful gene-based GWAS in an initial sample with 931 family trios, and a replication study sample with 978 cases and 883 controls. For interesting genes, gene expression in MS-related cells between MS cases and controls was examined by using publicly available datasets. Results A total of 58 genes was identifed, including 20 “novel” genes signifcantly associated with MS (p<1.40×10-4). In the replication study, 44 of the 58 identifed genes had been genotyped and 35 replicated the association. In the gene-expression study, 21 of the 58 identifed genes exhibited diferential expressions in MS-related cells. Tus, 15 novel genes were supported by replicated association and/or diferential expression. In particular, four of the novel genes, those encoding myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1), human leukocyte antigen complex group 22 (HCG22), and major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha (HLA-DMA), were supported by the evidence of both. Conclusion zTe results of this study emphasize the high power of gene-based GWAS in detecting the susceptibility genes of MS. Te novel genes identifed herein may provide new insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying MS.

Lewis acid-catalyzed transesterification and esterification of high free fatty acid oil in subcritical methanol

Xianglin Hou,Yongqin Qi,Xingang Qiao,Guofu Wang,Zhangfeng Qin,Jianguo Wang 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.2

acid catalysts are active for both esterification and transesterification, but the reaction is very slowdue to mass-transfer limitations betwen methanol and oil phase. Because oil, FFA and Lewis acid catalysts are allsoluble in the subcritical methanol phase, the esterification and transesterification will be enhanced when they are carriedout under subcritical conditions. In this work, the esterification and transesterification of high FFA oil to biodiesel viaLewis acid catalysts such as Pb(OOCH3)2, Cd(OOCCH3)2 and Zn(OOCCH3)2 were carried out in the subcritical meth-anol phase (2 MPa, 180oC, reaction time 30 min). The results show that the esterification conversion reaches 79.8-96.4% with Palmitic acid as feedstock, and the transesterification conversion reaches 56.8-73.4% with soybean oil asfeedstock. With the mixture of Soybean oil and Palmitic acid (FA content of 20.3 wt% ) as feedstock, the content offatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in products reaches 67.3-83.4% .

A DFT study on the structure–reactivity relationship of aliphatic oxime derivatives as copper chelating agents and malachite flotation collectors

Xianglin Yang,Sheng Liu,Guangyi Liu,Hong Zhong 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.46 No.-

Aliphatic oxime derivatives C7H15CX¼NOH (X = H, CH3, NH2 or OH) have been commercially used ascopper(II) extractants orflotation collectors, but the true nature of their reactivity toward Cu2+ or mineralsurfaces still remains elusive. Using density functional theory (DFT) method, the structure–reactivityrelationship of these aliphatic oxime derivatives was evaluated at B3LYP/6-311 + G(d, p) level. The resultsindicated that the O or N atoms in the head group of octanaldoxime (OTAO), methyl n-heptyl ketoxime(MHKO), N-hydroxyoctanimidamide(HOIM) and n-octanohydroxamic acid (OTHA) are the chemicalreaction center. The reactivity of the aliphatic oxime ionic species increases successively with thereplacement of hydrogen atom by methyl, amino and hydroxyl, suggesting that the affinity of them tocopper species is as follows: OTHA > HOIM > OTAO > MHKO, which coincides with the order of theirbinding energy toward Cu2+. Theflotation performance of aliphatic oxime derivatives to malachite was inthe order of OTHA > OTAO > HOIM > MHKO, which was in line with the combination effect of theirreactivity and hydrophobicity. The established structure–reactivity relationship provides an atomic levelunderstanding of the structural requirements for aliphatic oximes to recover cupric ions or copper oxideminerals.

Can NGO Be Efficient for Public Governance : Development of Chinese Social Group in Realistic Perspective

Xianglin Xu 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2007 10th Anniversary of GSPS·RISS : 사회적 다양성과 정책적 대응 : Vol.2007 No.

Optimists on NGO run into two misconceptions while they emphasize that NGO is conduced to solve the problems of both failure of government and market. One misconception is neglect of NGO's potential political function, and anther is the over-evaluation of its efficiency in public governance. This thesis attends to explain, in a realistic perspective, that NGO as relative autonomous organization has political functions and influence in the politics, and also it is not that perfect in its organizational efficiency which the optimists believed. Its remediation to the failures of government and market, its political uncertainty, and its imperfect efficiency make the relationship between NGO and government being complicated. The NGO in China has to find its way to development in this paradoxical relationship to the government.

Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Cantilever Box Beams under Negative Moment

Xianglin Gu,Tao Chen,Hua Li,Weiping Zhang,Hongliu Wang 한국강구조학회 2012 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.12 No.4

Four steel-concrete composite cantilever beam specimens were tested to investigate their mechanical behavior under negative moment induced by concentrated loads at the ends of the beams. The failure modes, serviceability and ultimate bearing capacities of the composite beams with full shear connection were studied. The crack initiation and propagation were investigated with consideration of two types of shear connectors. Three kinds of longitudinal reinforcement ratios were also examined. The experimental results indicate that an increase in the reinforcement ratio is beneficial to the bearing capacity of the composite beams to some extent and that the shear stud connector is superior to the steel block connector with regards to the serviceability of the beams. Two numerical models, which were based on a concrete material model and an elasto-plastic material model, were employed to simulate the behavior of steel-concrete composite beams. The numerical calculation results show that the combination of the two models can be used to predict the longitudinal cracking load and ultimate bearing capacity of composite cantilever beams. Based on the experimental and numerical results, it was found that the ultimate bearing capacity of a steel-concrete composite beam under negative moment can be significantly affected by longitudinal cracks in the concrete slabs. An equation to predict the longitudinal cracking load of a composite cantilever beam under negative moment by concentrated load was proposed and found to have good accuracy.

표백왕겨의 그라인딩 처리에 의한 셀룰로오스 나노 섬유 제조 시 카르복시메틸화 전처리가 미치는 영향

XiangLin Cao,임서경(Seo-Kyoung Lim),송우용(Woo-Yong Song),신수정(Soo-Jeong Shin),성현아(Hyun-A Seong) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2021 펄프.종이기술 Vol.53 No.6

Can NGOs Be Efficient for Public Governance? : Development of Chinese Social Groups in a Realistic Perspective

Xu, Xianglin 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2008 사회과학연구논총 Vol.19 No.-

비 정부기구 옹호자들은 정부의 실패와 시장의 실패를 구하는 것에서의 비 정부기구의 역할을 강조할 때. 대개 두 가지 오해에 맞닥뜨리게 된다. 이는 비 정부기구의 정치적 성격의 배제,다른 하나는. 비 정부기구 조직상 효율성의 과대평가이다. 현실적인 관점에서 이 논문은 비 정부기구의 정치적 기능과 효과를 설명한다. 그리고 여기서 비 정부기구의 정치적 기능과 효과는 상대적인 자치권과 특정한 사회적 기반을 가진 민간 기관,그리고 비 정부기구의 조직상 효율성의 결여라고 정의된다. 이 논문은 비 정부기구의 정치적 성격과 잠재적인 효율성의 부족뿐만 아니라,정부와 비정부기구사이의 복잡한 관계를 유기적으로 구성하고 있는,다시 말해 중국 내의 비 정부기구 발전의 여지를 굉장히 제한하고 있는 정부와 시장의 실패에 대한 개선책 또한 다루고 있다. Optimists on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) more or less run into two misconceptions when emphasizing NGO’s role in rescuing both the government failure and the market failure. One misconception is the neglect of NGO’s political character, and the other is the over-estimation of NGO’s organizational efficiency. In a realistic perspective, this paper tends to explain the political function and effect of NGOs, which are defined here as civil organizations with relative autonomy and certain social basis, and NGO’s potential lack of organizational efficiency. The paper argues that NGO’s political character, potential lack of efficiency as well as its remediation to the failures of government and market, jointly constitutes the complicated relationship between NGOs and the government, which in turn greatly limits the room of the development of NGOs in China.

Effects of Montmorillonite Nanocomposite on Mercury Residues in Growing/Finishing Pigs

Lin, Xianglin,Xu, Zirong,Zou, Xiaoting,Wang, Feng,Yan, Xianghua,Jiang, Junfang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of montmorillonite anocomposite (MNC) on mercury residues in growing/finishing pigs. A total of 96 cross bred pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}large$ white, 48 barrows and gilts respectively), with similar initial weight (27.87${\pm}$1.15 kg), were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to two concentrations of mercury (0.1 and 0.3 ppm from $HgCl_2$) and two levels (0 and 0.3%) of MNC in a $2{\times}2$factorial arrangement of treatments. Each group has 3 pens (replications), and each pen has 8 pigs (4 barrows and 4 gilts). The experiment lasted for 90 days. The results showed that pig growth performances were not affected significantly by inclusion of Hg and addition of MNC (p$\geq$0.05). It indicated that the extent of intoxication in these pigs were not severe enough to impair growth performances. Both on the bases of 0.1 ppm and 0.3 ppm mercury supplementations, addition of 0.3% MNC markedly decreased mercury levels of blood, muscle, kidney and liver tissue (p<0.05). These results implied that the addition of non-nutritive sorptive material, MNC, could effectively reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of mercury via its specific adsorption, with a consequent reduction of mercury residues in body tissues. MNC had offered an encouraging solution to produce safe animal products with mercury contaminated feed.

Structural analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete building structures during construction

Xiaobin Song,Xianglin Gu,Weiping Zhang,Tingshen Zhao,Xianyu Jin 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.36 No.4

This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element method based structural analysis model for structural analysis of reinforced concrete high-rise buildings during construction. The model considered the time-dependency of the structural configuration and material properties as well as the effect of the construction rate and shoring stiffness. Uniaxial compression tests of young concrete within 28 days of age were conducted to establish the time-dependent compressive stress-strain relationship of concrete,which was then used as input parameters to the structural analysis model. In-situ tests of a RC high-rise building were conducted, the results of which were used for model verification. Good agreement between the test results and model predictions was achieved. At the end, a parametric study was conducted using the verified model. The results indicated that the floor position and construction rate had significant effect on the shore load, whereas the influence of the shore removal timing and shore stiffness have much smaller. It was also found that the floors are more prone to cracking during construction than is ultimate bending failure.

Activation of JNK and c-Jun Is Involved in Glucose Oxidase-Mediated Cell Death of Human Lymphoma Cells

손영옥,장용석,Xianglin Shi,이정채 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.6

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) affect the acti-vation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which plays an impor-tant role in regulating a range of cellular processes. How-ever, the roles of these signaling factors on hydrogen per-oxide (H2O2)-induced cell death are unclear. This study examined the effects of H2O2 on the activation of MAPK and AP-1 by exposing the cells to H2O2 generated by either glucose oxidase or a bolus addition. Exposing BJAB or Jurkat cells to H2O2 affected the activities of MAPK differ-ently according to the method of H2O2 exposure. H2O2 in-creased the AP-1-DNA binding activity in these cells, where continuously generated H2O2 led to an increase in mainly the c-Fos, FosB and c-Jun proteins. The c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated activation of c-Jun was shown to be related to the H2O2-induced cell death. How-ever, the suppression of H2O2-induced oxidative stress by either JNK inhibitor or c-Jun specific antisense transfec-tion was temporary in the cells exposed to glucose oxi-dase but not to a bolus H2O2. This was associated with the disruption of death signaling according to the severe and prolonged depletion of reduced glutathione. Overall, these results suggest that H2O2 may decide differently the mode of cell death by affecting the intracellular redox state of thiol-containing antioxidants, and this depends more closely on the duration exposed to H2O2 than the concen-tration of this agent.