Molecular characterization of chemosensory protein genes in Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Wang Zhao‐Xiang,Qi Zhen‐hua,Chen Jian,Wang Fu‐Lian,Gui Lian‐You,Zhang Guo‐Hui 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.7

Chemoreception is of great importance for survival of insects. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to be involved in the perireceptor events of chemosensory system in many insect species, but this has not been clarified in the citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax, a serious dipteran pest of citrus crops. Previous studies indicated that four CSP genes were identified in many fly speices in Diptera. In the present study, we also identified four CSP genes in B. minax,namely BminCSP1–4, from a transcriptome database. All CSP proteins encoded by these genes bear the typical hallmarks of the CSP family: an N-terminal signal peptide and the four highly conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis comparing with other dipteran CSPs indicated that dipteran CSPs may evolved from three ancestral CSP genes, and revealed the sequence diversities of BminCSPs and showed that BminCSP1–4 are clustered in separate groups, indicating the possibility of their contrasting function in B. minax. Furthermore, the tissue distribution of the four CSP genes in adult B. minax was analyzed by real-time quantitiative PCR. The results demonstrated that BminCSP3 are significantly transcriptionally enriched in antennae; BminCSP4 expressed primarily in heads; BminCSP1 and BminCSP2 showed high expressions in different tissues, such as antennae, abdomens and wings. Based on these findings, the different implications for the functions of BminCSPs are discussed. This study will offer a significant indication for further functional studies of the CSPs in B. minax

Two terpenoids activates close mating behavior and enhances trap efficiency of sex pheromone of Grapholita molesta

Hui-Ming Xiang,Zhen Chen,Xian-Wei Li,Yan-Qiong Guo,Xian-Chun li,Rui-Yan Ma 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a notorious pest of many Rosaceae crops worldwide. Enhancement of trap efficiency of its sex pheromone was devised by addition of E-β-ocimene and E-β-farnesene. The addition of E-β-ocimene or E-β-farnesene to sex pheromone increased electroantennogram response of male G. molesta compared to sex pheromone alone. Blend of pheromone and E-β-ocimene or E-β-farnesene in 1:0.1 increased the upwind flight and landing behaviors. Furthermore, field experiments showed that sex lures with Eβ-ocimene, or /and E-β-farnesene, enhanced trapping efficiency compared to sex pheromone alone. These results may provide the basis for the development of efficient pest management systems against G. molesta using plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones.

Simulation of Unsteady Incompressible 2D Cylinder Flow with Physics-Informed Neural Network

Hui Xiang,Yanbo Zhang,Yuanye Zhou,Tianyuan Liu,Xin Xie,Yunzhu Li,Qiao Zhao 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Peach-specific aldehyde nonanal attracts female Oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Hui-Ming Xiang,Rui-Yan Ma,Hong-Liang Diao,Xian-Wei Li,Xiao-Juan He,Yong-Fu Guo 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious pest of stone and pome fruit trees worldwide. G. molesta can switch hosts and produce multiple generations per year. Both the primary and secondary host plants of G. molesta emit aldehydes. Here, we tested whether these aldehydes are helpful for host switching of G. molesta. SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction)-GC–MS analysis identified four aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, decanal, and benzaldehyde) from volatiles of late-season yellow peach fruits. Of the four aldehydes, eletroantennogram analysis showed that nonanal produced the strongest response from the antennae of virgin and mated females. In Y-tube bioassays, only nonanal was attractive to mated G. molesta females amongst the four aldehydes, suggesting that nonanal is important for host recognition in G. molesta. In a field trial, each of the four aldehydes was tested as an attractant for both sexes of G. molesta. The traps baited with nonanal captured more female G. molesta, as compared to traps with other aldehydes and control; the traps baited with benzaldehyde captured most male G. molesta. Our research investigations provide theoretical foundation for biological control of G. molesta females. Future G. molesta lure designs should take into account sex-specific differences in the response to individual aldehydes.

Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing Pyrimidine Moieties

Xiang Zhang,Yong-Xin Gao,Hui-Jun Liu,Bao-Yuan Guo,Hui-Li Wang 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of novel β-methoxyacrylate analogues were designed and synthesized by integrating substituted pyrimidine with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds (1a-1h) exhibited potent antifungal activities against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. Exhilaratingly, compound 1d (R=3-trifluoromethylphenyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.

Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces depression in offspring of mice with maternal toxoplasma infection during pregnancy by inhibiting microglial activation via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway

Xiang Xu,Yu-Nan Lu,Jia-Hui Cheng,Hui-Wen Lan,Jing-Mei Lu,Guang-Nan Jin,Guang-Hua Xu,Cheng-Hua Jin,Juan Ma,Hu-Nan Piao,Xuejun Jin,Lian-Xun Piao 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Maternal Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy has been associated with various mental illnesses in the offspring. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a major bioactive compound obtained from ginseng that has an anti-T. gondii effect and attenuates microglial activation through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. GRh2 also alleviated tumor-associated or lipopolysaccharide-induced depression. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of GRh2 on depression-like behavior in mouse offspring caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy have not been investigated. Methods: We examined GRh2 effects on the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring, caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy, by measuring depression-like behaviors and assaying parameters at the neuronal and molecular level. Results: We showed that GRh2 significantly improved behavioral measures: sucrose consumption, forced swim time and tail suspended immobility time of their offspring. These corresponded with increased tissue concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, and attenuated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase or enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the prefrontal cortex. GRh2 ameliorated neuronal damage in the prefrontal cortex. Molecular docking results revealed that GRh2 binds strongly to both TLR4 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GRh2 ameliorated the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring of maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy by attenuating the excessive activation of microglia and neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. It suggests that GRh2 could be considered a potential therapy in preventing and treating psychiatric disorders in the offspring mice of mothers with prenatal exposure to T. gondii infection.

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration Tensile on the Mechanical Properties of High-Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composite

Dao-Hui Xiang,Zhi-Meng Zhang,Bang-Fu Wu,Hao-Ren Feng,Zhan-Li Shi,Bo Zhao 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.11

Silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite has been widely used in the military and aerospace industry due to its special performance; however, there remain many problems in processing. The present paper introduces an ultrasonic vibration tensile device with a view to investigating an ultrasonic vibration tensile specimen. The results show that there are three major stages in the change in stress of the material under ultrasonic vibration: the ultrasonic stress superposition effect, softening effect, and Hall–Petch strengthening effect, these three effects occupy different proportions in different tensile stages. In addition, increasing the frequency of ultrasonic vibration increased the degree of stress reduction. Increasing the ultrasonic vibration amplitude reduced the fracture strength of the material. Comparison of the fracture morphology shows that the conventional condition was mainly interfacial peeling of SiC particles, and cleavage of the fracture occurred under ultrasonic vibration conditions.

Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Cutting of Nomex Honeycomb Core Materials

Dao‑Hui Xiang,Bang‑Fu Wu,Yun‑Long Yao,Bo Zhao,Jin‑Yuan Tang 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.1

Nomex honeycomb core materials have been widely used in the aviation industry due to their special structure and performance. Conventional high-speed machining have resulted in the poor machinability of the honeycomb core so that the ultrasonic machining technology was applied. The kinematic characteristics in the ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting process were analyzed according to the movement of the sharp tool. Based on slide effect, a cutting force model was proposed to study the relationship between cutting parameters and cutting force. Ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting and ordinary cutting tests of Nomex honeycomb core material were conducted by considering feed rate, the inclined angle and the deflected angle. Besides, the effects of cutting parameters on machined surface quality of honeycomb core wall were studied. The test results show that slide effect caused by ultrasonic vibrations can reduce cutting resistance compared with ordinary cutting. The developed cutting force model can be applied to evaluated the cutting force in the ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting of Nomex honeycomb core material. The inclined angle has a great influence on the cutting force during ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting. High-speed reciprocating sliding action can effectively cut aramid fibers so that burrs and tearing defects of the incision have been greatly improved under condition of ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting.

애니메이션 스토리 창작을 위한 자기주도 학습과 생성형 AI 활용을 통한 교육 방식

이상휘(Xiang Hui Li),김명삼(Myeong Sam Kim) 한국디자인리서치학회 2023 한국디자인리서치 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구에서는 AI를 활용한 애니메이션 스토리 교육 방식의 가능성을 파악하였다. 우선 이론적 배경으로 학습동기설계 모형으로 켈러의 ARCS이론과 애니메이션 스토리 창작과 교육의 방식, 자기주도 학습과 생성형 AI에 대해 파악하였다. 그리고 생성형 AI를 활용한 애니메이션 스토리의 창작 방식을 새롭게 제안하였다. 실험은 피실험자 40명을 각 두 명씩 20개의 그룹으로 나누고 한 명씩을 무작위로 선정하여 대조군과 실험군으로 나누어 비교 실험을 진행하였다. 그리고 결과는 t-test로 검증하였다. 학습동기유발이론인 켈러의 ARCS이론을 근거로 주의력와 관련성에 대한 개념을 통해, 지도 교사의 지도 횟수를 주요 매개변수로 하였다. 실험 결과는 12개의 그룹은 AI를 활용한 유효 결과와 8개의 그룹은 무효 결과를 추출하였다. 연구 결과는 비교군인 전통 방식의 교사 지도 횟수가 높았고, AI를 활용한 실험군은 상대적으로 낮았다. 그러므로 애니메이션 스토리 창작 교육 방식에서 애니메이션 스토리, 교육방식, AI 활용을 통합하여 교사의 개입을 감소시키는 창작 방식을 새롭게 제안하였고, 그 가능성을 확보하였다. In this study, the possibility of an animation story education method using AI was identified. First, as a theoretical background, we identified Keller's ARCS theory, animation story creation and education methods, self-directed learning, and generative AI as a learning motivation design model. Additionally, a new method of creating animation stories using generative AI was proposed. In the experiment, 40 subjects were divided into 20 groups of two each, and one person was randomly selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group to conduct a comparative experiment. And the results were verified with t-test. Based on Keller's ARCS theory, a learning motivation theory, through the concepts of attention and relevance, the number of instructors' instruction was used as the main parameter. The experimental results extracted valid results using AI for 12 groups and invalid results for 8 groups. The results of the study showed that the number of teachers' guidance in the traditional method, which was the comparison group, was high, and in the experimental group using AI, it was relatively low. Therefore, we proposed a new creation method that reduces teacher intervention by integrating animation story, teaching method, and AI use in the animation story creation education method, and secured its possibility.

Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing Pyrimidine Moieties

Zhang, Xiang,Gao, Yong-Xin,Liu, Hui-Jun,Guo, Bao-Yuan,Wang, Hui-Li Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of novel ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate analogues were designed and synthesized by integrating substituted pyrimidine with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by infrared, $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds (1a-1h) exhibited potent antifungal activities against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$. Exhilaratingly, compound 1d (R=3-trifluoromethylphenyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.