Molecular characterization of chemosensory protein genes in Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Wang Zhao‐Xiang,Qi Zhen‐hua,Chen Jian,Wang Fu‐Lian,Gui Lian‐You,Zhang Guo‐Hui 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.7

Chemoreception is of great importance for survival of insects. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are believed to be involved in the perireceptor events of chemosensory system in many insect species, but this has not been clarified in the citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax, a serious dipteran pest of citrus crops. Previous studies indicated that four CSP genes were identified in many fly speices in Diptera. In the present study, we also identified four CSP genes in B. minax,namely BminCSP1–4, from a transcriptome database. All CSP proteins encoded by these genes bear the typical hallmarks of the CSP family: an N-terminal signal peptide and the four highly conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis comparing with other dipteran CSPs indicated that dipteran CSPs may evolved from three ancestral CSP genes, and revealed the sequence diversities of BminCSPs and showed that BminCSP1–4 are clustered in separate groups, indicating the possibility of their contrasting function in B. minax. Furthermore, the tissue distribution of the four CSP genes in adult B. minax was analyzed by real-time quantitiative PCR. The results demonstrated that BminCSP3 are significantly transcriptionally enriched in antennae; BminCSP4 expressed primarily in heads; BminCSP1 and BminCSP2 showed high expressions in different tissues, such as antennae, abdomens and wings. Based on these findings, the different implications for the functions of BminCSPs are discussed. This study will offer a significant indication for further functional studies of the CSPs in B. minax

만주 재현 소설에 나타난 ‘고향’의 의미 : 만주국 후기 소설을 중심으로

김향화 이화어문학회 : 이화여자대학교 한국어문학연구소. 2015 이화어문논집 Vol.36 No.-

‘만주’는 제국주의에 의해 고향으로부터 추방당한 근대의 조선인이 희망과 절망을 반반씩 지니고 이주하여 새로운 삶을 지향했던 곳이다. 본고에서는 재만(在滿) 경험을 토대로 창작을 진행한 작가들이 ‘제2의 고향’으로서의 ‘만주’를 어떻게 서사하고 있으며 고향(조선)에 대한 작중 주인공의 인식의 변화과정을 통하여 특정한 작가의 특수한 ‘재만’의 경험에 주목하고자 한다. 동시에 이러한 특수한 ‘재만’의 경험에 대한 중층적인 분석을 통하여 ‘민족’과 ‘국민’ 사이에서 정체성의 혼란을 겪었던 ‘식민지 조선인’에게 시사된 고향의 다양한 의미를 분석하는 것을 연구목적으로 삼는다. 조선인 작가의 ‘재만’(在滿)이라는 경험은 단순하게 해석할 수 없는바 그것은 객관적으로 역사의 변천과 정치적인 제도의 변화과정과 관계되는 동시에 주관적으로 작가의 경력과 문학 창작 의도와 긴밀히 연관되어 있다. 본고에서는 당대에 만주에서 살았고 직접적으로 만주를 체험했지만 각각 다양한 신분과 경력을 가진 대표적인 작가로 안수길과 김창걸, 박계주의 일부 작품을 연구대상으로 한다. 아울러 ‘재만’이라는 작가적 경험의 특수성을 재해석하고 그에 따라 다양하게 표상되는 ‘고향’의 의미에 대해 되짚어봄으로써 만주의 조선인에게 ‘고향’은 어떤 의미로 각인되고 변천되어왔는가를 연구한다. 물론 단순하게 이주민의 강한 정착 의지와 망향의식, 향토의식 등으로는 해석의 제한이 뒤따르고 있는 건 사실이다. 이에 본고에서는 오랜 시간 동안 만주에 거주하면서 창작 활동을 했고 만주 재현 문학의 대표적인 작가로 손꼽히는 안수길의 후기 작품인 「土城」과 「牧畜記」, 만주에서 태어나고 교육을 받았지만 다시 조선으로 돌아가서 만주에서의 경험을 토대로 창작을 진행한 박계주의 「處女地」와 「母土」, 어렸을 때 만주로 이주하여 해방 후에 만주에 남은 중국 조선족의 대표적인 작가 김창걸의 「두번째 고향」을 텍스트로 삼아 연구를 진행한다. 상기 작품들은 모두 만주국 후기에 창작되었으며 만주국의 이념인 ‘왕도낙토(王道樂土)’와 ‘오족협화(五族協和)’ 사상을 일정하게 반영함으로써 시국에 편승하는 양상을 보이고 있는데 본고는 이러한 특수한 사회 정치적 상황에서 조선 이주민들에게 시사된 ‘고향’의 의미를 분석하고 나아가서는 ‘재만’이라는 삶의 중층성과 다양성을 발굴하는데 그 연구 의의를 둔다. In this manuscript we examine how the writers who have slightly different experiences of Manchuria and composed based on that experience describe “Manchuria,” their “2ndhome,”and how the special “Manchuria” of each particular writer is detailed by the process of change of the character’s awareness in regards to their original hometown(Joseon).Also, our research purpose is to analyze the various meanings of this forced hometown for the “colonial Korean people,”who have experience didentity confusion between“Ethnicity” and“Nation,”through the multi-level analysis of this special“Manchuria.”“Manchuria”was the place where the“Joseon People”were exiled from their hometown and forced to take root due to Imperialismand where they started anewlife after emigrating with both, hope and despair, in their hearts. The experience of “Manchuria(在滿)” of the Joseon writers is not simple to analyze since objectively it’s related to the historical change as well as the change in political system while subjectively it’s deeply related to the writers’ career and the intention of their literary creations. In this manuscript, the study object is the partial works of Ahn Soo-kil, Kim Changgeol, and Park Gyeju, who are representative authors who have directly experienced Manchuria and have various positions and work experiences. It also seeks to reinterpret the distinct characteristics of the authors experience that is “Manchuria” and research the various presentations of the meaning of “hometown” and how this meaning of “hometown” is imprinted or changed for the people of Joseon living in Manchuria. Of course there will be limits to the simple interpretation of the emigrant’s strong will to take root, their nostalgia, indigenous awareness, and others. In this manuscript we used the late「土城」 and 「牧畜記」works of Ahn Soo-kil, who lived and wrote in Manchuria for a long time and is a renowned representative author of Manchurian literature, 「處女地」and「母土」of Park Gyeju, who was born and educated in Manchuria but returned to Korea to write based on his experience, and “2ndHometown” by Kim Changgeol, who emigrated to Manchuria when he was young and stayed there after the Liberation of Korea as a representative Chinese-Korean author. The texts mentioned above were all written during the latter period of the Manchuria nation and reflects the Manchurian philosophy of “왕도낙토(王道樂土)” and “오족협화(五族協和) thought in a slightly different manner and seems to take advantage of the current state of affairs and this manuscripts seeks to discover the diverse layers of life in “Manchuria” analyzing the meaning of the forced “hometown” of the emigrants during that socio-political time.

Residual bone height measured by panoramic radiography in older edentulous Korean patients

Xiang Hua Liang,Young-Mi Kim,In-Ho Cho 대한치과보철학회 2014 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.6 No.1

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to obtain statistical data on the residual bone height at different natural tooth positions by panoramic radiography in edentulous Korean patients aged 60-90 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included the diagnostic panoramic radiographs of 180 randomly selected edentulous patients without systemic diseases affecting bone. The radiographic selection criteria included absence of obvious facial asymmetry, clearly visible anatomic structures, and no surgical and fracture history. The panoramic radiographs of 79 patients met these criteria and were used in the analysis. The same researcher processed all the radiographs by using a standardized method. The height of the residual bone was measured at 18 predetermined sites (7 in the maxilla and 11 in the mandible) on digitized and printed radiographs by using a Digimatic caliper, triangle, and ruler. Gender- and age-related differences were statistically analyzed by using the t-test and rank-sum test (α=0.05). RESULTS. The maxillary residual bone height did not show significant genderrelateddifferences, but male patients had significantly higher residual bone in the mandible(P<.05). No significant height differences at the measured sites were noted among the 60s, 70s, and 80s age groups. CONCLUSION. Dentists should pay greater attention to older female edentulous patients because they are more prone to rapid residual bone resorption. Residual bone resorption may not be affected by age.

마음 챙김을 적용한 건강한 식습관 형성 앱 서비스 제안

Hua Xiang,Yuming Wang,Hyungsin Kim 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

Novel Iridoids from the Flowers of Campsis grandiflora

Xiang Hua Han,Moon-Soon Lee,Ji-Hoon Oh,홍성수,Chul Lee,Jae In Park,이명구,황방연 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.2

A non-glycosidic iridoid, campsinol (1), and two iridoid glucosides, 7-O-(Z)-p-coumaroylcachineside V (2) and 7-O-(E)-p-coumaroylcachineside I (3), were isolated from the fresh flowers of Campsis grandiflora along with five known iridoid glycosides, ixoroside (4), campsiside (5), cachineside I (6), 5-hydroxycampenoside (7), and 5-hydroxycampsiside (8), and two known phenylpropanoid glycosides, acteoside (9) and leucosceptoside A (10). The structures of these compounds were determined based on the NMR and Mass spectroscopic data and other chemical evidences.

Research on Image Restoration Algorithm for Dynamic Target

Hua Xiang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.8

For movement target, image recognition with blur is a difficult problem to solve in image acquisition system. The paper proposes an image restoration algorithm based on inverse filtering and wiener filtering. According to original image of movement target by acquisition system, it analyses frequency spectrum characteristic, builds restoration model for image degradation, researches inverse filtering and wiener filtering technologies of image preprocessing algorithm and image restoration algorithm. Further it explains image quality assessment method, discusses objective assessment method without reference in detail. Dealing with the movement target image of actual acquisition, some images are processed based on the restoration method which proved. By contrasting algorithm with result, the restoration method is valid to eliminate blur and noise of disturbing influence from target moving, which proposed combining with inverse filtering and wiener filtering. The result shows that the edge characteristic is obvious and propitious to reflect original target actually.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors from Dictamnus albus, Evodia officinalis and Cudrania tricuspidata(초록)

( Xiang Hua Han ),( Seon A Lee ),( Chul Lee ),( Qing Hao Jin ),( Da Yu Li ),( Bang Yeon Hwang ) 한국응용약물학회 2008 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1

Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates microglial activation against toxoplasmic encephalitis via TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway

Xiang Xu,Lan Jin,Tong Jiang,Ying Lu,Fumie Aosai,Hu-Nan Piao,Guang-Hua Xu,Cheng-Hua Jin,Xue-Jun Jin,Juan Ma,Lian-Xun Piao 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.5

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a characterized component in red ginseng widely used in Korea and China. GRh2 exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its effects on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection have not been clarified yet. Methods: The effect of GRh2 against T. gondii was assessed under in vitro and in vivo experiments. The BV2 cells were infected with tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain, and the effects of GRh2 were evaluated by MTT assay, morphological observations, immunofluorescence staining, a trypan blue exclusion assay, reverse transcription PCR, and Western blot analyses. The in vivo experiment was conducted with BALB/c mice inoculated with lethal amounts of tachyzoites with or without GRh2 treatment. Results and conclusion: The GRh2 treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of T. gondii under in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, GRh2 blocked the activation of microglia and specifically decreased the release of inflammatory mediators in response to T. gondii infection through TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. In mice, GRh2 conferred modest protection from a lethal dose of T. gondii. After the treatment, the proliferation of tachyzoites in the peritoneal cavity of infected mice markedly decreased. Moreover, GRh2 also significantly decreased the T. gondii burden in mouse brain tissues. These findings indicate that GRh2 exhibits an antieT. gondii effect and inhibits the microglial activation through TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway, providing the basic pharmacological basis for the development of new drugs to treat toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Ginsenoside Rh2 reduces depression in offspring of mice with maternal toxoplasma infection during pregnancy by inhibiting microglial activation via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway

Xiang Xu,Yu-Nan Lu,Jia-Hui Cheng,Hui-Wen Lan,Jing-Mei Lu,Guang-Nan Jin,Guang-Hua Xu,Cheng-Hua Jin,Juan Ma,Hu-Nan Piao,Xuejun Jin,Lian-Xun Piao 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Maternal Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy has been associated with various mental illnesses in the offspring. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is a major bioactive compound obtained from ginseng that has an anti-T. gondii effect and attenuates microglial activation through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. GRh2 also alleviated tumor-associated or lipopolysaccharide-induced depression. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of GRh2 on depression-like behavior in mouse offspring caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy have not been investigated. Methods: We examined GRh2 effects on the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring, caused by maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy, by measuring depression-like behaviors and assaying parameters at the neuronal and molecular level. Results: We showed that GRh2 significantly improved behavioral measures: sucrose consumption, forced swim time and tail suspended immobility time of their offspring. These corresponded with increased tissue concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, and attenuated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase or enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the prefrontal cortex. GRh2 ameliorated neuronal damage in the prefrontal cortex. Molecular docking results revealed that GRh2 binds strongly to both TLR4 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GRh2 ameliorated the depression-like behavior in mouse offspring of maternal T. gondii infection during pregnancy by attenuating the excessive activation of microglia and neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. It suggests that GRh2 could be considered a potential therapy in preventing and treating psychiatric disorders in the offspring mice of mothers with prenatal exposure to T. gondii infection.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SPONGE ALUMINUM ALLOY BY SUCTION CASTING PROCESS

Hua, Hua, Xiang,Wu, Wu, Binyao,Yan, Yan, Xiaolong 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.2

Spomge metal with 3-dimensionally interconnected fine pores is a kind of functional material used in the areas of shock attenuation, noise elimination, filtration, decoration, fire-proof, etc. Currently most of them are produced by penetrating casting process, limited shaping size due to its penetrating resistance and difficulties in controlling it's complicated procedure are two main problems. Using soulble granules as fillings, applying the suction casting method with self-made devices, the effect of preheating temperature of granules, pouring temperature metal and vacuum on the shaping size, porosity and the uniformity of pores at every distinct filling sizes are systematically investigated. Experimental results show tha the preheating temperature of granules is the key fat, while the e pouring temperature of metal and negative pressure are the second at a fixed grain size ; the nearer the preheating temperature of fillings to pouring temperature of the metal, the better the suction casting moulding. For the eurectiv Al-Si alloy, a speong-like cylinder, with the porosity of 70-80%, 200mm in height and 120mm in diameter, can be formed when the temperature of liquid metal gets 750 centigrade and preheating temperature reaches 420 centigrade. The Minimum size of the proes reaches ${\phi}0.05mm$.