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Effect of Irradiation on the Quality of Pale, Soft, Exudative (PSE) Pork During Storage at 4℃
Aera Jang(장애라),Xiande Liu(류현덕),Cheorun Jo(조철훈) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.1
방사선 조사가 PSE 돈육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 전문 육류등급사에 의해 외관적으로 확인된 PSE 돈육 등심을 4.5 kGy로 감마선 조사 후 pH, 육색, 지방산화, 미생물 및 관능적 품질을 2주간 냉장저장하면서 측정하였다. pH는 4.5 kGy의 방사선 조사에 의해 영향 받지 않았으나 육색 중 적색도를 나타내는 a<SUP>*</SUP>값은 방사선 조사된 등심근에서 저장기간 전체를 통하여 유의적으로 증가하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.05). 방사선 조사 4.5 kGy는 비조사구(0 kGy)와 비교하여 2주간 냉장저장기간 중 약 2 log의 총균수 감소효과를 보였다. 관능검사 결과 적색도 증가에 따른 방사선 조사 돈육등심의 선호도가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 식육 방사선 조사기술은 미생물학적 안전성뿐만 아니라 PSE 돈육의 육색을 향상시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The effect of irradiation on the quality characteristics of pale-soft-exudative (PSE) pork was studied. The pork loin with severe PSE appearance was selected by meat grader, irradiated at 0 and 4.5 kGy, and meat quality characteristics including pH, color, lipid oxidation development, microbial and sensory quality were analyzed during 2 weeks of storage at 4℃. The pH values of non-irradiated and 4.5 kGy-irradiated PSE raw pork loin was not different. Hunter color a<SUP>*</SUP>-value, which represents redness of meat surface showed significant increase (P<0.05) in irradiated PSE pork loin. This higher Hunter color a<SUP>*</SUP>-value maintained during 2 weeks of storage. By 4.5 kGy of irradiation, approximately 2 log reduction of total aerobic bacterial counts was achieved during 2 weeks of storage when compared with non-irradiated control. Sensory panelists prefer the color of irradiated PSE meat than that of non-irradiated control because of redness. From the results, it is possible to use an irradiation technology to improve not only microbiological safety but also the color of meat which has severe defect such as PSE.
Effect of Irradiation on the Quality of Pale, Soft, Exudative [PSE] Pork During Storage at 4˚C
Jang, Ae-Ra,Liu, Xiande,Jo, Cheorun 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.1
방사선 조사가 PSE 돈육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 전문 육류등급사에 의해 외관적으로 확인된 PSE 돈육 등심을 4.5 kGy로 감마선 조사 후 pH, 육색, 지방산화, 미생물 및 관능적 품질을 2주간 냉장저장하면서 측정하였다. pH는 4.5 kGy의 방사선 조사에 의해 영향 받지 않았으나 육색 중 적색도를 나타내는 a*값은 방사선 조사된 등심근에서 저장기간 전체를 통하여 유의적으로 증가하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.05). 방사선 조사 4.5 kGy는 비조사구(0 kGy)와 비교하여 2주간 냉장저장기간 중 약 2 log의 총균수 감소효과를 보였다. 관능검사 결과 적색도 증가에 따른 방사선 조사 돈육등심의 선호도가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 식육 방사선 조사기술은 미생물학적 안전성뿐만 아니라 PSE 돈육의 육색을 향상시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Single-particle Characterization of Aerosol Particles Collected Nearby a Lead Smelter in China
Hae-Jin Jung,송영철,Xiande Liu,Yuwu Li,노철언 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.2
China has been a top producer and exporter of refined lead products in the world since the year 2000. After the phasing-out of leaded gasoline in the late 1990s,non-ferrous metallurgy and coal combustion have been identified as potential major sources of aerosol lead in China. This paper presents the single particle analytical results of ambient aerosol particles collected near a lead smelter using a scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDX). Aerosol particle samples were collected over a 24-hour period, starting from 8 pm on 31 May 2002,using a high volume TSP sampler. For this near source sample, 73 particles among 377 particles analyzed (accounting for 19.4%) were lead-containing particles mixed with other species (S, Cl, K, Ca, and/or C),which probably appeared to be from a nearby lead smelter. Lead-containing particles of less than 2 μm size in the near source sample were most frequently encountered with the relative abundances of 42%. SEM-EDX analysis of individual standard particles,such as PbO, PbS, PbSO4, PbCl2, and PbCO3, was also performed to assist in the clear identification of lead-containing aerosol particles. Lead-containing particles were frequently associated with arsenic and zinc, indicating that the smelter had emitted those species during the non-ferrous metallurgical process. The frequently encountered particles following the lead-containing particles were mineral dust particles,such as aluminosilicates (denoted as AlSi), SiO2, and CaCO3. Nitrate- and sulfate-containing particles were encountered frequently in 2-4 μm size range, and existed mostly in the forms of Ca(NO3,SO4)/C, (Mg,Ca)SO4/C, and AlSi+(NO3,SO4). Particles containing metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, and As) in this near source sample had relative abundances of approximately 10%. Although the airborne particles collected near the lead smelter contained elevated levels of lead, other types of particles, such as CaCO3-containing, carbonaceous,metal-containing, nitrates, sulfates, and fly-ash particles,showed the unique signatures of samples influenced by emissions from the lead smelter.
방사선 조사가 PSE 돈육의 냉장저장 중 품질에 미치는 영향
장애라,류현덕,조철훈,Jang, Aera,Liu, Xiande,Jo, Cheorun Institute of Agricultural Science 2007 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.34 No.1
방사선 조사가 PSE 돈육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 전문 육류등급사에 의해 외관적으로 확인된 PSE 돈육 등심을 4.5 kGy로 감마선 조사 후 pH, 육색, 지방산화, 미생물 및 관능적 품질을 2주간 냉장저장하면서 측정하였다. pH는 4.5 kGy의 방사선 조사에 의해 영향 받지 않았으나 육색 중 적색도를 나타내는 $a^*$값은 방사선 조사된 등심근에서 저장기간 전체를 통하여 유의적으로 증가하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.05). 방사선 조사 4.5 kGy는 비조사구(0 kGy)와 비교하여 2주간 냉장저장기간 중 약 2 log의 총균수 감소효과를 보였다. 관능검사 결과 적색도 증가에 따른 방사선 조사 돈육등심의 선호도가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 식육 방사선 조사기술은 미생물학적 안전성뿐만 아니라 PSE 돈육의 육색을 향상시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The effect of irradiation on the quality characteristics of pale-soft-exudative (PSE) pork was studied. The pork loin with severe PSE appearance was selected by meat grader,irradiated at 0 and 4.5 kGy, and meat quality characteristics including pH, color, lipid oxidation development, microbial and sensory quality were analyzed during 2 weeks of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The pH values of non-irradiated and 4.5 kGy-irradiated PSE raw pork loin was not different. Hunter color $a^*$-value, which represents redness of meat surface showed significant increase (P<0.05) in irradiated PSE pork loin. This higher Hunter color $a^*$-value maintained during 2 weeks of storage. By 4.5 kGy of irradiation, approximately 2 log reduction of total aerobic bacterial counts was achieved during 2 weeks of storage when compared with non-irradiated control. Sensory panelists prefer the color of irradiated PSE meat than that of non-irradiated control because of redness. From the results, it is possible to use an irradiation technology to improve not only microbiological safety but also the color of meat which has severe defect such as PSE.
Multiply Constant-Weight Codes and the Reliability of Loop Physically Unclonable Functions
Yeow Meng Chee,Cherif, Zouha,Danger, Jean-Luc,Guilley, Sylvain,Han Mao Kiah,Jon-Lark Kim,Sole, Patrick,Xiande Zhang IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on information theory Vol.60 No.11
<P>We introduce the class of multiply constant-weight codes to improve the reliability of certain physically unclonable function response, and extend classical coding methods to construct multiply constant-weight codes from known \(q\) -ary and constant-weight codes. We derive analogs of Johnson bounds and give constructions showing these bounds to be asymptotically tight up to a constant factor under certain conditions. We also examine the rates of multiply constant-weight codes and demonstrate that these rates are the same as those of constant-weight codes of corresponding parameters.</P>
수용성 녹용 추출물이 랫드의 체성장과 생식기 발달에 미치는 영향
Xiand Shun Cui, 이석천, 곽용철, 이정주, 한 제임스본드, 조성구 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2010 農業科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of water soluble extracts(WSE) of differant sections of the Velvet Antler on the growth and development somatic and male reproductive organs. Ant-lers were divided into four sections of; upper, middle and base, Water soluble extracts(35g/60㎖) were prepared from each sections of the antler, and administered orally at 10 ㎖/㎏ body weight to male Spra-gue-Dawley rats once a day. Administration of antler WSE from the tip section increased rat body weight by 26.6g compared to the control after a weeks of feeding (P<0.01). Improved (P<0.01) feed efficiency was also observed from WSE administered rats compared to the control group after 3 weeks of feeding. Overall feed efficiency tend to improve with WSE administration and improved with treatment from the tip section. Relative weights of somatic and reproductive organs were not affected by the administration of WSE. however, the absolute weights of organs tends to increase with administration of WSE compared to the control. There was no significant difference in the development of tests among treatments.