7‐Methoxy‐luteolin‐8‐C‐<i>β</i>‐6‐deoxy‐xylo‐pyranos‐3‐uloside exactly (mLU8C‐PU) isolated from <i>Arthraxon hispidus</i> inhibits migratory and invasive responses media

Kim, Soo&#x2010,Jin,Pham, Thu&#x2010,Huyen,Bak, Yesol,Ryu, Hyung&#x2010,Won,Oh, Sei&#x2010,Ryang,Yoon, Do&#x2010,Young John Wiley Sons, Inc. 2018 Environmental toxicology Vol.33 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>7‐Methoxy‐luteolin‐8‐C‐<I>β</I>‐6‐deoxy‐xylo‐pyranos‐3‐uloside (mLU8C‐PU) is a glycosylflavone of luteolin isolated from <I>Arthraxon hispidus</I> (Thunb.). Luteolin is known to exert anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive effects on tumor cells. However, there are no reports on the effects of mLU8C‐PU on tumor invasiveness and associated signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrated the anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive effects of mLU8C‐PU in 12‐<I>O</I>‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐treated MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. We also investigated the effect of mLU8C‐PU on invasion‐ related signal transducers, including protein kinase Cα (PKCα), c‐Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐ĸB). TPA‐induced membrane translocation of PKCα, phosphorylation of JNK, and the nuclear translocations of AP‐1 and NF‐κB were downregulated by mLU8C‐PU in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, mLU8C‐PU also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) expression. These results indicate that mLU8C‐PU inhibits migratory and invasive responses in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by suppressing MMP‐9 and IL‐8 expression through mitigating TPA‐induced PKCα, JNK activation, and the nuclear translocation of AP‐1 and NF‐κB. These results suggest that mLU8C‐PU may be used as an anti‐metastatic agent.</P>

β‐cell mass in people with type 2 diabetes

Cho, Jae&#x2010,Hyoung,Kim, Ji&#x2010,Won,Shin, Jeong&#x2010,Ah,Shin, Juyoung,Yoon, Kun&#x2010,Ho Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of diabetes investigation Vol.2 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The early occurrence of β‐cell dysfunction has been broadly recognized as a critical determinant of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. β‐cell dysfunction might be induced by insufficient β‐cell mass, by a dysfunction of the β‐cells, or both. Whether or not β‐cell dysfunction constitutes a cause of reduced β‐cells or vice‐versa currently remains unclear. The results of some studies have measured the loss of β‐cells in type 2 diabetic patients at between 22 and 63% by planimetric measurements. Because β‐cell hypertrophy has been noted in type 2 diabetic patients, the loss of β‐cell number should prove more profound than what has thus far been reported. Furthermore, β‐cell volumes are reduced even in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Such defects in β‐cell mass are associated with increased apoptosis rather than insufficient replication or neogenesis of β‐cells. With these results, although they still require clarification, the peak β‐cell mass might be determined at quite an early stage of life, and then might decline progressively over time as the result of exposure to harmful environmental influences over one’s lifetime. In this review, we have summarized the relevant studies regarding β‐cell mass in patients with type 2 diabetes, and then presented a review of the various causes of β‐cell loss in adults. <B>(J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00072.x, 2010)</B></P>

论民法上处分行为之独立性

朱建農(Zhu, Jian-nong) , &#x6743; , 承文(Quan, Cheng-wen) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學論叢 Vol.18 No.1

“처분행위”의 개념과 “처분행위독립”원칙은 독일에서의 오랜기간 민법학 연구와 입법실무의 성과이며 독일민법의 특색을 체현하고 있다. 처분행위의 개념과 유관 제도는 시장경제체제하의 민법의식 자유원칙 방면에서 강력한 도구적인 작용을 한다. 이 개념과 제도는 대륙법계민법에 중요한 영향을 일으켰으며 현대 모든 대륙법계민법학에서 중시를 돌리지 않으면 안될 위치에 이르렀다. 중국에선 지난세기 말부터 민법전 입법작업을 시작 처분행위의 이론문제에 관하여 십여년의 토론을 지속하여 왔지만 여러 가지 원인으로 이 이론에 관한 연구는 중국에서 기로에 들어설 위험에 봉착하였는바 그로 인한 입법도 불명확한 현상이 출현하였는데 이런 현상은 법학이론계의 응당한 중시를 일으켜야 하는 바이다. 비록 주도적인 이론은 물권행위의 독자성을 승인하지 않지만 입법은 “처분”개념을 대량적으로 사용하고 있으며 이미 대량적인 실제적인 “처분행위”성질의 법률행위를 규정하고 있다. 이런 상황에서 법학은 제도구조 본신의 합리성을 진지하게 검토해야 하며 의도적인 법률개념 곡해를 통해 입법상의 모순과 결함을 해석하려 해서는 안된다. 이로써 아직도 중국의 민법이론과 입법과정에는 일부 위기가 잠재해 있음을 알 수 있다. 혹은 이런 위기가 중국법학자들의 실무과정에서 이미 나타가고 있는데도 그것을 인정하지 않을 뿐이다. 물론 독립처분행위의 개념이 실제 판결과정에서 승인을 받고 이론상의 혼란을 수정하는데 관하여 입법 혹은 사법기관의 공식적인 법률문서가 필요할 뿐만 아니라 명확한 문자설명으로 새롭게 규범화 하여야만 비로소 민법체계의 완정성과 조화로움을 유지할수 있다. 이글에서는 주로 중국민법의 처분행위 독립원칙에 대한 합리적인 태도를 논하는바 사실기초, 논리의 정책기초, 체계상의 논리요구 등 세 가지 측면에서 중국민법학에서 처분행위의 독립성 응당한 의의를 회복하고 중국민법학에서 처분행위와 부담행위의 분리를 승인할 것을 제시 하는바 이는 현실적인 의의 뿐만 아니라 현행입법의 기초이기도 하기 때문이다. The concept of “Verfügungsgeschäfte” in German law is similar with the “act of disposition”. The establishment of the concept of “Verfügungsgeschäfte” and the doctrine of independence of Verfügungsgeschäfte reflecting the characteristics of German law are the great achievements of legislative practice of civil law and the success of law study in Germany. The rules and the concept related to the Verfügungsgeschäfte represent the principle of private autonomy in the market economy. In China, it is more than decade that the theory of Verfügungsgeschäfte has been argued since the beginning of the drafting of the Civil Code, but this result is still ambiguous now. In this essay, the authors holds an idea that the essential and original meaning of Verfügungsgeschäfte and the doctrine of independence of Verfügungsgeschäfte in Chinese civil law should be rediscovered and upheld. This essay consists of four parts. The first part presents a brief introduction to the concept of Verfügungsgeschäfte in Geman civil law and its exact meaning, and reveals its origin of Roman law through describing the evolution of the concept. Up to the end of 19th century when German Civil Law was drown up, the doctrine of distinction between Verfügungsgeschäfte and Verpflichtungsgeschäfte was accepted. But until the beginning of the 20th century that the precise interpretation of the Verfügungsgeschäfte was not brought to light. Later, this doctrine spreaded wide in the countries of civil law system such as Switzerland and previous ROC, etc. The concept of Verfügungsgeschäfte is attached importance in Japanese academy too, although it does not appear in Japanese Civil Law. But, what is the base or reason of distiguishing Verfügungsgeschäfte from Verpflichtungsgeschäfte? Some people think that it’s the distiction between real rights and claims, and other people think the difference of the effects of the lagel acts. This essay holds the latter, as both claims rights and dominance rights may be the objects of Verfügungsgeschäfte. So we can say that the distiguishing between real rights and claims cannot directly lead to that between Verfügungsgeschäfte and Verpflichtungsgeschäfte. In the second part, the authors discuss the relation between Verfügungsgeschäfte and right of disposition(Zuständigkeit des Verfügenden) and, further, various types of Verfügungsgeschäfte. The authors divide the Verfügungsgeschäfte into four types in accordance with the effects of Verfügungsgeschäfte. The third part is the main body of this essay. In this part, the authors introduce the present situation of Chinese legislation of civil law. There are three types of rules related to Verfügungsgeschäfte in Chinese law. The first, Real Right Law and Contract Law of China have set some rules about the legal acts which have substantial nature of Verfügungsgeschäfte, such as the transfering of earnest money and borrowing materials, giving up of rights and offsetting of debts, and performing obligation by third party, ect.. The second, there is a great number of rules in laws with the concept of Verfügungsgeschäfte. The third, there are some rules about legal acts analogous with the Verfügungsgeschäfte. The last part of the essay is the conclusion: the doctrine of independence of Verfügungsgeschäfte should beaccepted in China civil law. This conclusion is based on some reasons. The first reason is that the objective differences of the intention expressions should be recognized, and the second one, the principle of private autonomy, including the freedom of disposition of rights, as a legal ethic and legislative policy in market economy should be respected. What’s more, the recognition of the independence of

中国公司法适用中的问题以及完善对策 : 司法解释的补充

진경선(&#x9648; , 景善) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2013 法學論叢 Vol.20 No.3

본문에서는 현행2005년 중국회사법의 적용상의 문제점을 살펴보고 형해화된 조문, 적용중에 분쟁이 생긴 조문, 외국회사법 조문의 도입으로 이념과 현실이 충돌되는 문제점, 이에 대한 학계와 실무계의 관점 등을 분석해 보았다. 또한 적용상의 문제점을 살핌에 있어서 피할 수 없는 사법해석의 적용과 그 작용에 대해서도 살펴봄으로써 입법정비에 대한 약간한 건의를 시도해 보았다. This paper mainly discusses the application issues of the Chinese Company Law 2005. Problems arising from the currently used can be divided into the formalization of the legal provisions, the conflict provisions of ought to be and the reality ,and the distortion of the legal provision, etc. I have summed up the views of academic field and practice field. In addition, I have also discussed the application and the supplementary function of the Supreme Court Judicial Interpretation, which aims to solve the problem of the application issues of the Chinese Company Law. Finally, I also try to put forward some legislative suggestions.

2′‐Hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inactivation and reactive oxygen species generation

Yoon, Yae Jin,Kim, Young&#x2010,Hwan,Lee, Yu&#x2010,Jin,Choi, Jiyeon,Kim, Cheol&#x2010,Hee,Han, Dong Cho,Kwon, Byoung&#x2010,Mog John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019 CANCER SCIENCE Vol.110 No.1

<P>Inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is a novel therapeutic strategy to treat human cancers with constitutively active STAT3. During the screening of natural products to find STAT3 inhibitors, we identified 2′‐hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) as a STAT3 inhibitor, which was isolated from the stem bark of <I>Cinnamomum cassia</I>. In this study, we found that HCA inhibited constitutive and inducible STAT3 activation in STAT3‐activated DU145 prostate cancer cells. HCA selectively inhibited the STAT3 activity by direct binding to STAT3, which was confirmed by biochemical methods, including a pull‐down assay with biotin‐conjugated HCA, a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) experiment and a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). HCA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at the tyrosine 705 residue, dimer formation, and nuclear translocation in DU145 cells, which led to a downregulation of STAT3 target genes. The downregulation of cell cycle progression and antiapoptosis‐related gene expression by HCA induced the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and then induced apoptosis. We also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in the HCA‐induced inhibition of STAT3 activation and cell proliferation because the suppressed p‐STAT3 level was rescued by glutathione or N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine treatment, which are general ROS inhibitors. These results suggest that HCA could be a potent anticancer agent targeting STAT3‐activated tumor cells.</P>

中国合同法的发展 : 历史的及比较的视觉

&#x97e9; , 世&#x8fdc; 조선대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學論叢 Vol.18 No.1

1999년 3월 15일 제9기 전국인민대표대회 제2차 회의에서 통과된 중국 계약법은 계약에 관한 중국 역사상 최초의 통일적인 법률로서, 총칙/각칙 구조를 채용하여 총칙은 계약법의 일반적 규칙과 원칙을 규정하고 각칙은 총 15장으로 15가지 유형의 구체적인 계약을 규정하고 있다. 중국 계약법은 중국의 민사입법중에서 가장 수준 높은 법으로서 그 성공적 입법은 물권법(2007년) 제정의 중요한 계기가 되었음은 물론 앞으로 단행 민법전의 제정에도 풍부한 경험으로 작용할 것이다. 계약법 제정으로 중국의 사회주의 시장경제 법률체계도 어느 정도 기틀이 형성됨으로써, 앞으로 중국에서의 민법전 제정은 프랑스, 독일, 일본 등 諸國의 민법전 제정과는 달리 ‘민사입법의 완전성’을 도모하기 위한 목적으로 진행되어야 하리라고 본다. 이는 두 가지 방면으로 살펴볼 수 있다. 첫째는 기존의 민사입법을 정리하여 논리체계를 형성하고 법률간의 불일치를 제거하는 ‘형식적 합리화’이고, 둘째는 양질의 입법을 통해 입법수준을 고양시키는 ‘실질적 합리화’이다. 특히 후자와 관련하여, 중국 계약법은 현재 중국에서 가장 우수한 입법임에도 불구하고 총칙 규정에 비해 각칙 규정은 상대적으로 매우 빈약하다는 점을 부인할 수 없는데, 그 원인은 입법 당시 참고할만한 모범법이 많지 않았기 때문이다. 그러나 현재는 유럽의 DCFR 등 여러 모범법초안이 나와 있으므로, 앞으로 민법전을 제정함에 있어서는 비교법을 광범위하게 참고하고 중국에서의 10여년간의 계약법 시행 경험을 토대로 하여 더욱 훌륭한 계약법 각칙을 제정하여야 할 것이다.

Block‐Copolymer‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous WO_3−<i>x</i>/Carbon Nanocomposites as High‐Rate‐Performance Electrodes for Pseudocapacitors

Jo, Changshin,Hwang, Jongkook,Song, Hannah,Dao, Anh Ha,Kim, Yong&#x2010,Tae,Lee, Sang Hyup,Hong, Seok Won,Yoon, Songhun,Lee, Jinwoo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.30

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>An ordered mesoporous tungsten‐oxide/carbon (denoted as m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s) nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple one‐pot method using polystyrene‐<I>block</I>‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐<I>b</I>‐PEO) as a structure‐directing agent. The hydrophilic PEO block interacts with the carbon and tungsten precursors (resol polymer and WCl<SUB>6</SUB>), and the PS block is converted to pores after heating at 700 °C under a nitrogen flow. The m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s nanocomposite has a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and hexagonally ordered pores. Because of its mesoporous structure and high intrinsic density of tungsten oxide, this material exhibits a high average volumetric capacitance and gravimetric capacitance as a pseudocapacitor electrode. In comparison with reduced mesoporous tungsten oxide (denoted as m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐h), which is synthesized by a tedious hard template approach and further reduction in a H<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere, m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s shows a high capacitance and enhanced rate performance, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The good performance of m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s is attributed to the high surface area arising from the mesoporous structure, the large interconnected mesopores, and the low internal resistance from the well‐dispersed reduced tungsten oxide and amorphous carbon composite structure. Here, the amorphous carbon acts as an electrical pathway for effective pseudocapacitor behavior of WO<SUB><I>3‐x</I></SUB>.</P>

paṃsukūlaについて

&#x9752;野道彦 불교학연구회 2016 불교학연구 Vol.46 No.-

초기 불교의 출가유행자들은 “분소의(糞掃衣)”라는 초라한 옷을 입고 있었다고 한다. 본 논문은 그 원어의 하나인 빨리어 paṃsukūla의 의미를 빨리율을 중심으로 한 빨리문헌의 관련 용례를 조사함으로써 고찰한다. paṃsukūla는 아베지온 (阿部慈園) 에 따르면 “오물 또는 쓰레기나 먼지처럼 불필요하고 가치없는 곳곳에 버려진 천 조각을 기어서 만든 옷”이라고 한다. 또한 J. Dantinne에 따르면 “쓰레기 더미, 길거리, 묘지에서 찾은 버려진 천 조각으로 만든 옷”이라고한다. 여기에서 볼 수 있는 것처럼 paṃsukūla는 일반적으로 “불필요한 천 조각으로 만든 옷” 으로 이해되는 경우가 많다. 그런데 paṃsukūla와 그 파생어인 paṃsukūlika의 용례를 살펴보면 이러한 일반적인 이해는 충분하지 않다. paṃsukūla는 “불필요한 천 조각으로 만든 옷”이 아니라 그소재인 “불필요한 천 조각”의 의미로 사용되는 경우가 있기 때문이다. 또한 paṃsukūla는 옷뿐만 아니라 다양한 것을 가리켜 사용되기 때문에, 원래의 의미를 감안하여 “주인없는 버려진 것”이라는 뜻으로 이해하는 것이 더 적절한 경우가 있기 때문이다. 본 논문은 이러한 paṃsukūla의 의미를 설명하기 위해 paṃsukūla와 paṃsukūlika의 용례를 빨리문헌에서 인용하고 제시한다. This paper examines the meaning of the term paṃsukūla as found in the Theravāda Tipiṭaka, especially the Vinayapiṭaka. It is thought that the early Buddhist monks wore paṃsukūla, described by Jion Abe as a “robe made of rags which were discarded here and there as useless and worthless things like filth.” This description is commonly accepted in foreign countries as well as in Japan. Jean Dantinne views it as “un vêtement fait de haillons, trouvés sur un tas d’ordures, en rue, dans un cimetière,” while Reginald A. Ray calls them/it “clothes made from cast-off rags.” The popular definition of paṃsukūla in the Theravāda Tipiṭaka, is accurate in many cases, but the term does not always mean “robe made of rags.” It can also mean “refuse rags,” which are materials of robe. In addition, it is used to describe an ownerless “lump of refuse” or “heap of waste,” which is an original meaning of the term. This article provides examples of paṃsukūla and its derivative, paṃsukūlika, from the Theragāthā and the Vinayapiṭaka to validate the meanings described above.

Increased plasma levels of retinol‐binding protein 4 with visceral obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors

Won, Jong Chul,Park, Cheol&#x2010,Young,Oh, Sang Woo,Park, Sung Woo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of diabetes investigation Vol.3 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Aims/Introduction: </B> Visceral obesity has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); the role of adipokines in the risk for CVD is less clear. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parameters of visceral obesity and index of CVD risk factors.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods: </B> A cross‐sectional analysis of healthy males (<I>n</I> = 116) and females (<I>n</I> = 175) for evaluation of clinical, laboratory and anthropometric parameters were undertaken. Abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) were measured by computed tomography. Adipokines, including retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) and adiponectin, were determined. The risk for CVD was estimated using the 10‐year Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Point scale (Framingham score).</P><P><B>Results: </B> The Framingham score was increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome, and significantly increased with various indices of obesity, traditional risk factors of CVD, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and RBP4, but decreased with adiponectin. With multiple linear regression analysis, the Framingham score independently associated with age, smoking status, body mass index, triglyceride and RBP4. The magnitude of the Framingham score showed a linear trend of increase with CRP, VAT and RBP4 (all <I>P</I> < 0.001), but of decrease with SAT and adiponectin (all <I>P</I> < 0.05) at stratified levels of obesity.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> RBP4 is increased with visceral fat accumulation and associated with CVD risk factors independent of obesity or traditional risk factors. <B>(J Diabetes Invest, doi: </B>10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00213.x<B>, 2012)</B></P>

Plant‐expressed Fc‐fusion protein tetravalent dengue vaccine with inherent adjuvant properties

Kim, Mi Young,Copland, Alastair,Nayak, Kaustuv,Chandele, Anmol,Ahmed, Muhammad S.,Zhang, Qibo,Diogo, Gil R.,Paul, Matthew J.,Hofmann, Sven,Yang, Moon&#x2010,Sik,Jang, Yong&#x2010,Suk,Ma, Julian K&#x20 BLACKWELL 2018 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.16 No.7

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Dengue is a major global disease requiring improved treatment and prevention strategies. The recently licensed Sanofi Pasteur Dengvaxia vaccine does not protect children under the age of nine, and additional vaccine strategies are thus needed to halt this expanding global epidemic. Here, we employed a molecular engineering approach and plant expression to produce a humanized and highly immunogenic poly‐immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) fused to the consensus dengue envelope protein III domain (cEDIII). The immunogenicity of this IgG Fc receptor‐targeted vaccine candidate was demonstrated in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRI/CD64, by induction of neutralizing antibodies and evidence of cell‐mediated immunity. Furthermore, these molecules were able to prime immune cells from human adenoid/tonsillar tissue <I>ex vivo</I> as evidenced by antigen‐specific CD4<SUP>+</SUP> and CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T‐cell proliferation, IFN‐γ and antibody production. The purified polymeric fraction of dengue PIGS (D‐PIGS) induced stronger immune activation than the monomeric form, suggesting a more efficient interaction with the low‐affinity Fcγ receptors on antigen‐presenting cells. These results show that the plant‐expressed D‐PIGS have the potential for translation towards a safe and easily scalable single antigen‐based tetravalent dengue vaccine.</P>