夏禹의 政治原理와 政治的 責任觀에 關한 一考察

琴鍾友 慶北大學校 1963 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

An observation on the principle of Woo's policy of his thoght of politcal responsibility. In this thesis I intended to consider the principle of woo's (禹) policy and his thought of political responsibility. So as to illuminate that where there is any moment of power politics in the government of woo(禹) , what is the kingdom of woo and what is the basic grounds of political responsibility. It is said that there is no evidence of his real exist. Whether or not he existed really has little to do with this stuffy. Because his political thought is reflection of some one. His policy and thought of political responsibility are ideal one which have been longed for by You-Ka(儒家) ever since. In short; it was a government of virtue without violence, he reigned over the people, dividing the country into nine sections. It is quite successful that his work of embanking river. And after he prospects the nature of the soil and geographical position. He maitres a tax system and collects the tax in evert things. this meanns that the kingdom of Woo is not small imperfect country but Country of create Kingdom which envelops the large teritory. He thought not only uniform and Car-system but also ceremony is very important political tools for reigned over the people as norm. 1 think these are creation of powerful authority of ruler. These come to the conclusion that the prinple of Woo's policy is a government of virtue without violence as that of Yao and Shun(堯舜) but therer is also a moment of power politics as in Yao and Shun. His basic ground of political responsibility is Heaven's Will. In his political thought there is origin of the thought that Heaven's will is public opinion and Heaven's Will is expressed by the people. So his thought of political responsibility is democratic one. But the`re is also a moment in his political thought that comes to the oriental despotism, for he did'nt think that the democratic instiutions are matter of great importance in democracy.

화학적 요부 교감신경절 차단에서 한 분절 차단과 두 분절 차단의 비교

김종일,이규종,이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Chemical Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Comparison of One- Versus Two-needle Techniques Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Kyu-Jong Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^* Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: It was frequently noticed in the course of performing a two-needle sympathectomy, that satisfactory spread of contrast solution could be produced by injection through only one of the needles. This led to a closer examination of the merits of single-needle technique. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the single-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second or third lumbar sympathetic ganglia, while patients in the two-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second and thired lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed using 3 ml of alcohol and the spread of injectate was verified with C-arm fluoroscopy. The indicators of a successful sympathetic block are increasing skin temperature, decreasing pain, and anhidrosis in the distal extremity. Results: The duration of anhidrosis was 12.2 ?? 2.6 months (mean ?? SD) in the single-needle group versus 13.6 ?? 3.6 months (mean << SD) in the two-needle group. Conclusions: As these results were not significantly different from those obtained in patients having considered to be effective for a neurolytic ;i,bar sympathectomy. (korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 439~443)

Aptamer‑linked immobilized sorbent assay for detecting GMO marker, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)

Woo‑Ri Shin,Mun‑Jong Lee,SEKHONSIMRANJEET SINGH,Ji Hun Kim,Sun Chang Kim,Byung‑Kwan Cho,Ji‑Young Ahn,Yang‑Hoon Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Development of genetically modified crops has rapidly increased in last few years. The most widely grown GM crops express genes that confer herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Detection system of GM crops is important for safety evaluation before its consumption. Objective The purpose of this research is to detect GM crops, especially PAT, in food-samples. Results The bar gene (PAT protein, herbicide resistant) was cloned in pGEX-4T-1 and expressed by E. coli. The high-affinity PAT-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were obtained from a random DNA library. MOE docking study was performed to identify the potential binding region of the selected aptamers on PAT. Aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA) method was used to detect PAT. Conclusion We screened aptamer against PAT for developing an efficient detection method. The selected PAT specific aptamers, HRPA-05 and HRPA-07, showed the distinct target binding behaviors, and detected PAT protein by aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay method with high efficiency and selectivity.

Ropivacaine 을 이용한 경막의 마취시 Clonidine 병용의 효과

김종일,조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Effects of Clonidine Added to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^*, Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: Clonidine has been regarded as an adequate supplementary anesthetic during epidural anesthesia and has been used with local anesthetics such as bupivacaine or lidocaine to support the effects of these anesthetics. The authors would examine whether clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural ane-sthesia. Methods: Thirty-two healthy patients undergoing a hip or lower limb surgery were diveded into two groups. In group 1, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml was administered. In group 2, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml combined with clonidine 150 ㎍ was administered. Onset, duration and maximal height of sensory block were assessed. Sedation score, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Results: Duration of sensory block of group 2 was significantly longer than that of group 1. Sedation score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. Blood pressure of group 2 was sig-nificantly lower thatn that of group 1 at 50 min, 70 min and 90 min after epidural injection. No significant differences were observed in onset of sensory block and heart rate between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia prolonged duration of sensory block and produced useful sedation. It caused relatively stable hemodynamic changes. These results suggest that clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 428~433)

Correction: Bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose for differential cell recognition

Moon, Jong-Sik,Kim, Won-Geun,Shin, Dong-Myeong,Lee, So-Young,Kim, Chuntae,Lee, Yujin,Han, Jiye,Kim, Kyujung,Yoo, So Young,Oh, Jin-Woo Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Science Vol.8 No.2

<P>Correction for ‘Bioinspired M-13 bacteriophage-based photonic nose for differential cell recognition’ by Jong-Sik Moon <I>et al.</I>, <I>Chem. Sci.</I>, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02021f.</P>

한국의 정신분열병 외래 환자의 직ㆍ간접비용

박종익,송선희,서동우,장현종,이종국,장안기,김윤,이철,홍진표 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 외래 환자의 직접 비용과 간접 비용을 추산해 보고, 의료 자원의 적절한 운용과 효과적인 배분을 위한 보건 정책의 기초자료로 사용하고자 한다. 방 법 : 정신분열병 진단을 받은 289명의 환자를 대상으로 6개월간 외래를 방문하면서 사용한 의료비와 시간을 조사하여 직접 비용을 추산하였고, 이 기간 동안 소실된 생산성을 간접 비용으로 환산하였다. 만성질환인 관상동맥 질환을 앓고 있는 환자 82명을 대조군으로 하여 비용을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자의 실업률은 72.1%였으며, 직장을 가지고 있는 경우에도 단순노무직의 비율이 64.5%로 매우 높았다. 정신분열병의 직접 비용은 평균 81.5만원으로 관상동맥 질환의 평균 71.5 만원보다 상대적으로 많이 추산되었으나 유의하지는 않았다. 간접 비용은 평균 645.6만원, 258.9 만원으로 정신분열병군이 2.5배 정도 높았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병은 다른 만성질환에 비하여 상대적으로 매우 고비용이 요구되는 질환이며, 보다 체계적인 비용의 추산을 통하여 양질의 정신 보건 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 토대가 마련되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : We have aimed to estimate the direct and indirect costs of treating out-patients with schizophrenia in Korea, to use this fundamental data for the effective management and proper distribution of the medical resource. Method : To estimate the direct cost, we surveyed the medical cost and time of two hundred and eighty-nine out-patients with schizophrenia for six months. And the lost productivity as many months was converted into the indirect cost. Those of eighty-two coronary heart disease patients were also estimated as a comparison group. Results : An unemployement rate of schizophrenic patients was 72.1 percent. Moreover the ratio of the laborer in the sample was, even if employed, 64.5 percent. The mean direct cost of schizophrenic patients was, about 815,000 won, higher than that of coronary heart disease, 715,000 won however it was not statistically significant. The former was also estimated 2.5 times more than the latter for the indirect cost, or 6,456,000 won versus 2,589,000 won. Conclusion : Schizophrenia is a relatively costly illness compared to other chronic illness, so the systematic estimation of the cost is necessary to provide mental health service of high quality.

虹彩 體質 分析에서 心腎結合組織의 虛弱 體質과 高血壓 家族歷과 관련성 硏究

金鐘牛,黃祐準,琴坰樹,李始炯,李宗淳,都金錄,趙在運,趙州掌,金鐘煜 한국전통의학연구소 2002 한국전통의학지 Vol.12 No.1

Iridology, developed more than 100 years ago, is the diagnosis of medical conditions through noting irregularities of the pigmentation in the iris The purpose of this study is to compare interrelation between CVA, hypertension family history and cardio-renal connective tissue in Iris Constitution through iris constitution examination. The subjects consist of 114 patients who were examined in Iris Constitution at Chonju Oriental Medicine Hospital attached to Wonkwang Univ. from September. 1St. 2000 to August. 31th. 2002. 1. In the distribution of Iris Constitution, among of 79cases, There are neurogenic type 13cases, abdominal connective tissue weakness constitution 31 cases, cardio-renal connective tissue weakness constitution 6 cases, cholesterol 7 cases and others 22 case in control group. 2. There are familial history of CVA and hypertention 32 cases, no familial history of CVA and hypertention1 3 cases, in 35cases of experimental group. These results imply that there is meaningfulness of interrelation between cardio-renal connective tissue weakness constitution and. CVA, hypertention.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

카드뮴의 중추신경계 독성유발 기전

이종화,장봉기,박종안,박종영,김완종,우기민 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Although numerous studies have shown that cadmium disturbs the normal biological processes in central nervous system the mechanism of toxicity is not well understood The present study has investigated the effect of cadmium on oxidative stress, Na+/K- ATPase activity and the aggregation of amyloid beta peptide(β-amylotd) in neuronal cell Ime, HT22 cell LC_(5) and LC_(50) of cadmium for HT22 cell resulted from MTT assay was 4 1 μM and 9 5 μM, respectively Cadmium(2 to 8 μM) dose-dependently increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the content of glutathione Cadmium 4 μM showed a significant decrease in Na^(-)/K^(+) ATPase activity as compared with control group The aggregation of P-amyloid was accelerated in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with 2 to 8 μM cadmium These results suggest that the neurotoxicity of cadmium can be mediated by the increase in oxidative stress and decrease in Na^(-)/K^(+) ATPase activity.

메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염에 대한 전환요법으로서의 경구 Rifampin의 유용성

손종원,김신우,하상우,이응갑,정덕원,장현하,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직및 골 감염의 치료 시 glycopeptide약물의 정주 요법에 이은 경구 항생제로의 처방 전환이 요구되는 경우가 많으나 마땅한 경구 약제의 선택이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 경구 rifampin을 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염에 사용하여 치료한 경우를 분석하여 그 유용성 정도와 실패한 경우 실패의 위험인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2004년 9월까지 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염 환자를 대상으로 rifampin을 그 치료 목적으로 사용한 44명의 환자를 의무 기록과 X선 사진을 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 기초 자료를 분석하였고 감염이 재발하여 치료 실패로 판정된 환자들에 대해 치료 실패의 원인이 될 만한 주요 변수에 대한 Chi-square 검증과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 치료 후 재발은 20.5% (8/39)였으며 재발 예와 사망에 대한 위험요소에 대한 단변량 분석에서 고관절 보형물이 있는 경우 흔하였으나 통계적 차이에는 미치지 못하였다(P=0.065). 고관절 보형물 외에 동반된 질환들, 쇼크의 동반, 균혈증의 동반, 경구 시 ciprofloxacin과 rifampin의 병합 복용 기간 등을 혼란 변수로 사용한 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 고관절 보형물 만이 통계적으로 유의하였다(P=0.044). 결론 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직및 골 감염에 rifampin과 다른 약제를 병합하여 치료하는 경우 재발은 적었다. 치료 실패의 경우는 고관절 부위 감염과 같이 보형물을 쉽게 제거하기 어려운 상황과 관계되는 것을 보여준다. Background : Rifampin is sometimes used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal agents to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections but few reports are available about the usefulness of rifampin against MRSA infections, especially in soft tissue and bone infections. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of rifampin as switch therapy for soft tissue and bone infections caused by MRSA and assessed the risk factors for treatment failure. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively studied 44 patients who had soft tissue and bone infections caused by MRSA and were treated with rifampin in combination or as monotherapy as switch therapy from January 2001 to September 2004. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 50.2 years and the number of male and female were 34 and 10, respectively. Median duration of rifampin use was 32 days and 25% of the patients had artificial prostheses. Thirty one patients (79.5%, 31/39) were cured with parenteral glycopeptide followed by rifampin in combination or as monotherapy. Eight patients (8/39) recurred after the completion of treatment. The presence of hip prosthesis was the only significant risk factor (P= 0.027) in multivariate logistic regression test. Rifampin was tolerable in all cases. Conclusion : Rifampin as switch therapy for soft tissue and bone infection caused by MRSA was effective in 79.5% (31/39) of sujects. The treatment failure seems to be associated with unremovable infected prosthesis.