우황청심원의 고문헌기록 및 실험적 연구결과 분석을 통한 임상응용 확대의 필요성 고찰

오영택,오현묵,김서우,김원용,손창규,조정효,Oh, Young-Taeck,Oh, Hyeon-Muk,Kim, Seo-Woo,Kim, Won-Yong,Son, Chang-Gue,Cho, Jung-Hyo 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2017 혜화의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.

소나무 (Pinus densiflora S . et Z .) 수간내(樹幹內)에 양분형성된 압축이상재(壓縮異常材)와 그 사이에 존재하는 간재의 해부학적 특성

이필우,정연즙 한국목재공학회 1988 목재공학 Vol.16 No.2

Anatomical characteristics on abnormal type of bisected compression woods and light colored wood intervened between these dark colored compression woods on under part and their respective opposite woods on upper parts of cross section in Fines densiflora S. et Z, stem were compared through optical microscopic investigation, and the obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. Tracheid length increased linearly as the number of rings from the pith increases in all investigated parts, but increasing tendency in tracheid length was similar within bisected two compression woods and their opposite woods. 2. Tracheids were the shortest in bisected two compression woods and tracheid length in intervened wood between these two compression woods was longer than in compression woods but shorter than in the opposite woods. 3. Bisected two compression woods and intervened wood between these two compression woods revealed similar features in tracheid transition from springwood to summerwood, intercellular space, tracheid entanglement, and cross sectional view of tracheid but spiral check was observed only in these two compression woods, therefore the intervened wood between these two compression woods disclosed. anatomical characteristics similar ta, not typical of, compression woods.

리기다소나무 (Pinus rigida Miller) 판재의 압축이상재 (壓縮異常材) , 대응재 (對應材) 및 측면재 특성에 관한 주사전자현미경적인 연구

이필우,엄영근 한국목재공학회 1985 목재공학 Vol.13 No.1

In Korea, a study on the anatomical features of pitch pine(pinus rigida Miller) branch wood through photo-microscopical method was reported in 1972 by Lee. Therefore, as a further study of Lee's on the anatomical features in branch wood of pinus rigida miller that grows in Korea, compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood were selected and treated for the purpose of comparing their structures revealed on cross and radial surface through scanning electron microscope in this study. The obtained results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. The trachied transition from earlywood to latewoad is very gradual and the tracheids are nearly regular in both arrangement and size in compression wood but this transition in opposite wood and side wood is abrupt and the tracheids in opposite wood and side wood are less regular than those in compression wood. Also, the annual ring width of opposite wood is narrower than that of compression wood or side wood and the rays revealed on cross surface of side wood are more distinct than compression wood and apposite wood rays. 2. The tracheids of compression wood show roundish trends especially in earlywood but those of apposite wood and side wood show same angular trends. And intercellular space, helical cavity, and spiral chock are present in both earlywood and latewood of compression wood but not present in opposite wood and side wood irrespective of earlywood and latewood. 3. The wall thickness of latewood tracheid is similar to that of earlywood tracheid in compression wood whereas the wall thickness of latewood tracheid is by far thicker than that of earlywood tracheid in opposite wood and side wood and the S₃ layer of secondary wall is lack in comgression wood tracheid unlike opposite wood and side wood traeheid. 4. The tracheids in compression wood are often distorted at their tips unlike those in opposite wood and side wood and the bordered pit in compression wood tracheid is located at the bottom of helical groove unlike that in opposite wood and side wood tracheid. 5. The bordered pits in radial wall of apposite wood and side wood tracheids are oval in shape but those of compression wood tracheids show some modified oval shape. 6. in earlywood of side wood, the small apertures of cross-field pits are roundish triangle to rectangle and the large one are fenestriform through the caalition of two small ones. However, the small apertures of cross-field pits are upright oval and the large ones are procumbent oval shape in earlywood of opposite wood and the apertures of cross-field pits in compression wood are tilted bifacial convex lens shape in earlywood and slit in latewood because of the border on tracheid side.

수종 (數種) 소나무속 (屬) 식물에 있어서 뿌리와 줄기의 이기목부에 (二期木部) 관한 비교해부

임동옥(Dong Ok Lim),소웅영(Woong Young Soh) 한국식물학회 1986 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.29 No.3

Anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem in the roots and the stems of genus Pinus including nine species growing naturally in Korea have been studied to elucidate the structural diffenences between two organs. The results, comparing the root woods with the stem woods, are as follows; The transition from the early-wood to the late-wood occurs more gradually in the root woods. In the root woods, the bordered pits on the radial wall of tracheid are frequent in the two rows. The spiral thickening on the radial and tangential wall of the tracheid can be seen in the only stem woods of four species such as P. koraiensis, P. rigida, P. rigitaeda and P. banksiana. In the majority of the species studied, the length of the tracheid is longer in the root woods, but in some species such as P. strobus, P. densiflora, P. rigida and P. sylvestris, this length is almost same in both organs. The diameter of the tracheid in the root woods is wider. The wall thickness of the tracheid in the early wood is thicker in the root woods, but vice versa in the late woods. More rays per unit area can be seen in the root woods.

낙우송 (落羽松) ( Taxodium distichum Rich . ) 지재의 (枝材) 압축이상재 및 대응재에 관한 해부학적 특성

이필우(Phil Woo Lee),정연집(Youn Jib Chung),권미(Mi Kwon) 한국산림과학회 1991 한국산림과학회지 Vol.80 No.3

Compression wood and opposite wood formed in a branch of Taxodium distichum Rich. is described and compared in qualitative and quantitative anatomical aspects. The qualitative features of compression wood appeared to differ from those of opposite wood in very gradual tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood, roundish tracheid shape on cross surface, tracheid tip distortion on radial surface, and existence of intercellular spaces and helical cavities. In quantitative features, compression wood tracheids showed shorter lengths than opposite wood. The ray density and the number of uniseriate rays were greater in compression wood than in opposite wood but the height of uniseriate rays in compression wood was smaller than in opposite wood.

전남제 가야금 산조 진양조 선율 비교 분석

심지우(Sim, Ji-woo) 한국음악문화학회 2013 한국음악문화연구 Vol.4 No.-

산조의 음악은 여러 조성을 중심으로 다양한 장단을 구성 하는 민속악의 대표적인 기악 독주곡 형식이다. 다양한 유파와 다양한 형태로 전승되어 온 산조는 ‘시김새’를 통해 선율의 다양화를 더하며 음악이 완성되었다. 진양조의 우조를 악장별로 각 수를 정하여 나누고 6박 한 장단을 기본으로 하여 한 각 단위로 선율을 분석하였는데 이 한 각 단위의 선율 분석은 원점과 간점을 기준으로 하여 전체적 선율 진행을 알아보고 장식음과 시김새를 중심으로 구분한 것이다. 최옥삼류는 진우조와 변우조, 강태홍류는 우조 1, 2, 3장, 김병호류는 1, 2, 3, 4장, 김죽파류는 1, 2장으로 구분되어 진다. 우조 선율은 전체적으로 계면조 선법으로 이루어져 있으며 ‘청 a, 떠는 음 e, 꺾는 음 c`-b, 종지음 a’의 형태로 구성되며 선율진행 형태는 도입선율에서 모두 유사한 형태의 선율로 시작하여 유사한 선율과 다양한 독자적 선율들이 나타나며 모두 유사한 형태의 종지선율로 우조가 구성되었다. 우조 2, 3장은 1장의 선율에서 유사하게 나타나는 선율들이 나타나는 것으로 보아 1장의 확대형식으로 볼 수 있으며 전반적으로 나타나는 시김새들의 위치와 활용을 살펴보면 농현은 모두 6가지의 농현으로 표현하였음을 알 수 있다. 즉, ‘주로 e음에서 하는 굵은 농현’과 ‘주로 a음에서 하는 가는 농현’ ‘음을 눌러서 농현하는 형태’ ‘선율이 하행할 때 하는 하행 농현’ ‘농현 후 다음 음으로 진행되는 형태’ ‘잔가락 표현’으로 구분할 수 있다. 다양한 농현들을 보이는 3가지 산조들에 반해 강태홍류 가야금 산조는 2가지 농현의 형태를 사용하였고 그것이 가는 농현과 잔가락의 표현 형태였음을 알 수 있다. ‘전성’은 4가지 산조 모두 동일하게 표현되며 대체적으로 a, e, b음에 사용함을 알 수 있다. ‘추성과 퇴성’은 동일한 형태로 사용된다. 김죽파류 가야금 산조를 제외한 3가지 산조에서 나타나는데 모두 앞추성의 형태로 나타남을 알 수 있다. ‘³꺾는 음’³의 부호 형태는 다양하게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었는데 강태홍류 가야금 산조 우조에서는 꺾는 음에 대한 부호가 특별히 나타나지 않았으며 a , c`음에 대체적으로 꺾는 음을 사용하는 것을 알 수 있다. 주요음과 구성음 중심의 선율분석은 선율의 구성 원리를 찾을 수는 있지만 선율의 시김새의 특징과 활용, 그에 따른 산조의 특징은 명확하게 알 수 없다. 이러한 분석을 통해 유사한 선율 형태에서 계면조적 차이를 가짐을 알 수 있었고 우조의 변화가 어떻게 일어났는지를 알 수 있었다. 그러나 유사한 선율 형태를 기준으로 정하여 분석을 하였기 때문에 각 산조마다의 독자적인 선율에서 나타나는 시김새 활용과 그에 따른 우조의 전반적 시김새 활용을 살펴보지 못한 점, 또 우조와 평조, 계면조의 시김새 활용법은 어떠한 차이를 가지는지 알아보지 못하여 아쉬움이 남는다. Sanjo music is a typical instrumental solo formation in folk music consisting of various Jangdan focused on several composition. Sanjo that has been passed down in various schools and forms, its music was completed by adding the diversity of the melody through ‘igimsae’ Ph.D Lee, Hye-Gu told ‘he melody has the expression through ornament notes and Sigimsae’in ??『Korean Music theory』. Like this, ‘Sigimsae’ brings the diversity of representative techniques and playing techniques in Korean music melody. Yoseong, Jeonseong, Toiseong, Chooseong, Keokkewn are representative in kinds of ‘Sigimsae’ It has been questioned whether school-specific characteristics are related to Sigimsae, thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the sign’ difference and use’ difference of Sigimsae on school-specific features by doing a comparative analysis on Woojo melodies of 4 kinds of typical Sanjo in Jeonnamje Gayageum Sanjo such as Choi Ok-sam style, Kang Tae-hong style, Kim Byeong-ho style and Kim Juk-pa style Gayageum Sanjo. Jinyangjo’s Woojo was divided by deciding each number according to the movement and the melody was analyzed by one Jangdan of sextuple rhythm-based unit, melodic analysis of each unit was to examine the overall melodious progression on the basis of the origin and the midpoint and to separate ornament notes and Sigimsae. Choi OK-sam style, Kang Tae-hong style, Kim Byeong-ho style and Kim Juk-pa style, were divided into Jinwoojo and Byeonwoojo, chapter1, 2, 3 of Woojo, chapter 1, 2, 3, 4 of Woojo, chapter 1,2 of Woojo respectively. Woojo melody consisted of Gyemyeonjo mode generally and the form of ‘hung a, Teonun note e, Keoknun note c`-b, Jongji note a’ the form of melodic progression started from all similar forms of the melody in the introduction melody, showed similar melodies and various their own melodies and Woojo was composed of all similar forms of Jongji melody. To examine Sigimsae utilization shown in each Sanjo"s Woojo, 4 similar melodic forms in Sanjo were based, accordingly as a result of analyzing the melodies in the center of the major notes, a total of 9 similar melodic forms appeared. Although these melodies were similar forms, different Sigimsae use appeared. Though the major notes were progressed similarly, the phenomenon of Sigimsae use showing different was organized and it was found what those reasons were. Chapter 2, 3 of Woojo could be a expanded format of chapter 1 because of the melodies that looked similar in the melodies of chapter 1, looking at Siginsae location and use appeared as a whole, Nonghyeon was expressed as a total of 6 kinds of Nonghyeon. In other words, it could be distinguished as ‘mainly thick Nonghyeon on e note’ ‘mainly thin Nonghyeon on notes’ ‘Nonghyeon form pressing notes’ ‘descending Nonghyeon as the melody is descending’ ‘form of progressing in next notes after Nonghyeon’and ‘Jangarak expression’ Compared to three kinds of Sanjo displaying various Nonghyeon, Kang Tae-Hong style Gayageum Sanjo used two kinds of Nonghyeon and they could be seen to be the form of Jangarak expression. ‘Jeonseong’was expressed with four kinds of Sanjo similarly and it was generally used in a, e, b notes. "Chooseong and Toiseong’were utilized as a similar form. It was represented in three kinds of Sanjo except for Kim Juk-pa style Gayageum Sanjo and it was Apchooseong form. Next, the sign form of ‘eoknun note’appeared variously, that in Kang Tae-hong style Gayageum Sanjo’ Woojo didn’ appear specifically and it used Keoknun note on a, c note in general. Melodic analysis focusing on the main notes and the composition notes was to find out the principle of melodic composition but not to investigate melodic characteristics and Sigimsae use clearly. Though this analysis, Gyemyeonjo type’ difference was examined in similar melodic forms, it was learned how Woojo change happened. However, something were missing in that Sigimsae use appea

코팅紙와 新聞廢紙를 活用한 木質複合材 製造에 關한 硏究 - I. 코팅紙와 新聞廢紙 木質複合材의 機械的 性質 -

이필우(Phil Woo Lee),손정일(Jung Il Son) 한국가구학회 1995 한국가구학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Paper has been one of the most widely used packing and newsprinting materials, which means that significant amounts of wastepaper are produced. Mixed papers produced potentionlly be used as raw materials for convientional wood-baced panel products without resorting to the deinking and decontamination require for paper manufacturing. Preliminary research on this concept was executed to the mechanical properties of composite panels made from 50:50 mixtures of wastepaper(coating paper or old newspaper) and wood flakes, wastepaper and wood particles, or wastepaper and wood fibers.<br/> Wood composite panels applied to PMDI resin with 50% coating paper formulation had higher MOR and MOE values, where as those UP resin with 50% old nwwspaper formulation had higher MOR and MOE values. The refure, there sin which must be appli ed depends on the kind of wastepaper used.<br/> In general, wood-wastepaper composite panels have acceptable bending properties(MOR and MOE) as compared to control boards, but have low internal bond strength.<br/> <br/> Key words: wastepaper, wood-bosed panels, coating papter, old newspaper, wood flakes, wood particles, wood fibers<br/>

고감성 Easycare Wool의 제조 및 특성 연구

한태성,박준호,박상운,전병대,Han Tae Sung,Park Jun Ho,Park Sang Woon,Jeon Byong Dae 한국염색가공학회 2005 韓國染色加工學會誌 Vol.17 No.6

To manufacture hightech easycare wool, there are several methods which use strong oxidising agent or the resin treatment, however, neither are environmentally friendly methods. Moreover it may deteriorate the handle. The aim of this study is to manufacture the hightech easycare wool using the modified Fenton method which can be formed by hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate and enzyme treatment. The method was pretreated by ferric sulfate on the wool surface and then the surface of wool scale was selectively removed by ferric ion catalyst. Subsequently the Enchiron which is one of the proteolytic enzymes was treated on the wool surface. The treated wool had the result of having optimum weight loss and excellent whiteness and good handle. Therefore implications of these results suggest that this method using the modified Fenton method and enzyme treatment may be one way of manufacturing the hightech easycare wool.

Mongolian Gerbil 의 뇌허혈 유발에 따른 뇌조직 손상에 있어서 사향 함유 우황청심원액과 영묘향 함유 우황청심원액의 조직학적 효능 비교

최은욱(Eun Wook Choi),이장헌(Jang Heon Lee),신상덕(Sang Duk Shin),마응천(Woong Chon Mar) 한국응용약물학회 2000 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.8 No.3

WooHwangChungSimWon is a traditional prescription for treating with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coma, and stroke in China, Korea, and Japan. In the new presciption of WooHwangChungSimWon, the civet is substituted for the musk, the major component of WooHwangChungSimwon, because of the prohibition law about the musk. We have made a comparative study of the effects on the ischemic damage between the musk containing and civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon. In order to investigate the effects of WooHwangChungSimWon on the ischemic damage, each samples were adminstrated for 12 days, ischemia was induced for 10 minutes at 7th day, and immunohistochemistry was performed in the region of hippocampus of mongolian gerbils. According to the result of immunohistochemistry, the survival rates of neuroal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region are 37.8% in the high dose of musk containing WooHwangChungSimWon (HM-WHCSW) administrated group, 27.8% in low dose of civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon (LC-WHCSW), and 35.5% in high dose of civet containg WooHwangChungSimWon (HC-WHCSW) administrated group. These survial rates were significantly different from the survival rate of sham control group (14.4%). The results suggest that all the samples except the low dose of musk containing WooHwangChungSimWon (LM-WHCSW) have protective or preventive effects on cerebral ischemia.

로버트 프로스트의 시: ‘숲’의 양면성에 대한 연구

진용우(Jin Yong woo),강미숙(Kang Mi Sook) 영미어문학회 2014 영미어문학연구 Vol.30 No.1

The critics think Robert Frost uses both sides of the meaning of “woods” in his poems. From my point of view, both sides represent both the positive worlds and negative worlds. Frost realized the comprehensive meanings through his life as a farmer in the rural woods. In “Dust of Snow,” he sometimes maintained harmony with the woods and was cured mentally through the dropping of snow dust. The poem “The Road Not Taken” can be read against a literary meaning that might be called “The Choice of the Roads.” It is suggested in his decision to make his two roads not very different from one another. The two roads could link his unsettled life through the symbol of travel. In “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” the speaker stops and was seduced by the woods on the “darkest of the year” and watched them “fill up with snow.” Because the poet is reminded of the “promises” before he sleeps, he tries to escape from the woods which are “lovely” as well as “dark and deep.” In conclusion, I think the woods in his poems contain not only an affirmative but also a negative side to describe man’s life in the woods. (Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology)