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元裕憲,金鍾勳,盧三赫 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-
Disk arrays were proposed in the 1980`s as a way to allow parallelism between multiple disks to improve aggregate I/O performance. Today they appear in the product lines of most major computer manufactures. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of disk arrays and provides a framework in which to organize current and future work. First, this paper introduces disk arrays in general, and reviews the driving forces that have popularized disk arrays : performance and reliability. It discusses the two architectural techniques used in disk arrays, striping across multiple disks to improve performance and redundancy to improve reliability. Next, this paper describes 6 disk array architectures, namely RAID levels 0∼5. It goes on to discuss advanced research and implementation topics such as the way in which parity is distributed in a RAID, and the means of refining the basis RAID levels to improve performance. Finally, this paper describes software disk arrays which allow writing data redundantly across an array of disks in workstations distributed across the network.
원삼순,권혜진 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.4
This descriptive study designed to identify stress factors and level and helpful coping methods of hemodialysis patient's spouse. Data were collected from 60 subjects who were spouses of hemodialysis patient of conveniently selected 4 Hemodialysis Units in the city of Seoul. The Collection of data it was carried out by the researcher from the 7th of Octobor to 20th of October, 1992. Two instruments were used to collect the data ; 1. Stress questionaire was developed by researcher which was combined review of literature and the result of interviewer, consisted 30 stress factor items and measured by five point Likert scale. The items were categorized physical, psychological and socioeconomic area. 2. Helpful coping questionaire developed by investigator through literature review and result of interviewer, included 50 items and measured by five point Likert scale. Helpful coping items were classified into two categories, the problem oriented and the affective oriented. Data was analyzed by S.A.S. computer porgram using percentile, means and standard deviation, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are summerized as follows 1. The spouses of hemodialysis patient were found to be stressful in general and the items with high stress were "To be treated indefinite period of time", "Uneasiness of trevel", "To be say with their spouse who suffer pain", "To ingest medication continuously", "Financial burden", "No treatment except kidney transplantation", "Anxious about disease transmission due to transfusion" and the highest stress category was physical. 2. The spouses of hemodialysis patient were shown to be helpful by the coping methods and the most helpful coping items "To accept as a fate" and "Self condolence comparing others who were in a more serious rather than thier sitution" and the higher helpful coping method was affective oriented. 3. The result of the analysis of the relationship between scores of stress categories and general characteristics was as follows : Spouse's sex, house shape, and occupational status before the patient got illness showed a statistically significant difference in score of stress categories(P<0.05) 4. The result of the analysis of the relationship of the relationship between helpful coping methods and general characteristics was as follows : The number of family, the state of medical insurrance, spouse's disease, the number of hemodialysis, and having or not having complication related with hemodialysis showed a statistically significant differance in helpful coping methods(P<0.05) 5. There was significant differance among stress categories and coping methods.(P<0.01)
姜三元 啓明大學校 社會科學硏究所 1987 한국사회과학연구 Vol.5 No.-
The writer examined confedration proposed by North-Korea with reference to peaceful Co existence and unification strategy The idea of its proposed is not content are fabricated. The present conditions of South-North Korea lacks requests for confederation on the basic of mternational-law. The primary object in view is to realize their revolutionary stategy through commumization with two regims existing
Adriamycin이 백서 자궁경부 상피세포층과 근육층의 인산염 분해효소의 활성에 미치는 영향
김원규,정호삼 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1994 環境科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-
Adriamycin은 Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius에서 추출한 항균성 항암제로서 세포내의 핵산과 결합하여 핵산 및 단백질의 합성을 억제하므로 종양세포의 증식을 억제하는 화학요법제이다. 그러나 adriamycin을 암환자에 투여하면 종양세포 뿐 아니라 정상세포에도 손상을 초래하여 여러가지 부작용을 일으키므로 저자는 adriamycin을 백서에 투여하면 자궁경부세포의 단백질 합성이 억제되어 인산염 분해효소의 활성에도 변화가 야기될 것으로 사료되어 자궁경부에서 acid phophatase, alkaline phosphatase 및 adenosine triphosphatase 활성의 변화를 조직화학적으로 추구하였다. 실험동물은 체중 200gm 내외의 Wistar계 자성 백서를 질도말법으로 발정주기을 확인하고 백서 체중 ㎏당 5㎎의 adriamycin을 5일간 복강내에 주사하였으며, 희생시키기 직전 다시 발정주기을 확인한 후 경동맥사혈로 희생하고 개복하여 자궁경부를 적출하였다. 적출한 자궁경부는 4℃에서 10% 중성 formalin에 24시간 고정한 후 동결절편제작기로 두께 6㎛의 동결절편을 제작하여 acid phosphatase 와 alkaline phosphatase 활성은 Gomori 법으로 adenosine triphosphatase 활성은 Wachstein-Meisel 법으로 효소활성을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Acid phosphatase 활성은 adriamycin 투여군 백서 자궁경부의 상피세포층에서는 모든 발정주기에서 약한 양성반응을 나타내었으며, 근육층에서는 발정기에서 강한 양성반응을, 발정후기에서 중등도의 양성반응을 나타내었다. 2. Alkaline phosphatase 활성은 adriamycin 투여군 백서 자궁경부의 상피세포층세서는 모든 발정주기에서 약한 양성반응을 나타내었고, 근육층에서는 발정기 및 발정간기에서 약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 3. Adenosine triphosphatase 활성은 adriamycin 투여군 백서 자궁경부의 상피세포층세서는 발정전기, 발정기 및 발정간기에서 음성반응을 나타내었고, 근육층에서는 발정후기 및 발정간기에서 약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과을 종합한 바 백서에 adriamycin을 투여하면 자궁경부의 상피세포와 근육세포에 독성으로 작용하여 인산염 분해효소의 활성에 이상이 초래되는 것으로 사료된다. It is well known that adriamycin, an anthracycline antibiotics which is isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis and exhibits significant antitumor activity against various tumors. Although adriamycin is very effective against tumor cell proliferation, it may also damage the normal cells of the body and develop the toxic effects during treatment of cancer patients. In this experiment, the author has studied the effect of adriamycin on the rat uterine cervix, observing the changes in the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in the uterine cervix. Fourty female Wistar strain rats, weighing about 200gm and exhibiting normal estrous cycle, were used as experimental animals. After recognization of estrous cycle by means of vaginal smear, the animals of experimental group and control group were injected with 5㎎/㎏ of adriamycin diluted in 0.2ml of distilled water and 0.2ml of normal saline for 5 days, respectively. On the 5th day after administration of adriamycin and normal saline the experimental animals were sacrificed. The obtained cervix uteri was fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution(pH 7.2) for 24 hours at 4℃ and then frozen sections, 6㎛ in thickness, were made with cryostat. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase were observed by Gomori's method and the activity of adenosine triphosphatase by Wachstein and Meisel's method. All preparations were observed under light microscope. The results obtained were as follow : 1. Activities of acid phosphatase in the epithelial layer of the uterine cervix of adriamycin treated rat were revealed weakly positive activity at proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, whereas activities of acid phosphatase in the muscular layer were shown strongly positive activity at estrus and moderately positive activity at metestrus. 2. Activities of alkaline phosphatase in the epithelial layar of the uterine cervix of adriamycin treated rat were revealed weakly positive activity at proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, whereas activities of alkaline phosphatase in the muscular layer were shown weakly positive activity at estrus and diestrus. 3. Activites of adenosine triphosphatase in the epithelial layer of the uterine cervix of adriamycin treated rat were shown negative activity at proestrus, estrus and diestrus, whereas activites of adenosine triphosphatase in the muscular layer were shown weakly positive activity at metestrus and diestrus. It is consequently suggested that the changes of activites of phosphatase would be resulted from cytotoxic effect of adriamycin on the epithelial and muscular cells in rat uterine cervix.
곽삼근,이숙원 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2003 교육과학연구 Vol.34 No.3
평생교육에서 학습자의 참여결정과정은 평생에 걸쳐 지속적으로 다양한 요인들이 복합적으로 상호작용하는 과정으로 이해할 수 있으므로, 평생교육 참여에 관한 논의도 장기적이고 종합적 접근이 요구된다. 즉, 초기의 참여결정에서 계속적인 참여과정에 이르기까지의 장기적인 과정에 영향을 미치는 개인적, 심리적, 사회적, 교육기관 및 제도적, 환경적 특성들의 영향력을 종합적으로 규명하는 시도가 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구는 우선 장기적이고 종합적인 평생교육 참여결정 모형 개발을 위한 준거 틀을 제공하는 데 목적을 두고, 초기 참여결정과 참여지속결정에 관한 선행연구들을 분석적으로 고찰한 후 이를 토대로 다차원적 참여결정 관련요인들을 종합˙정리하였다. 연구결과, 초기 참여결정과 참여지속결정 모두에 관련된 요인들로 학습자의 배경 특성, 학습자의 사회경제적 특성, 학습자의 심리적 특성, 학습자의 학습환경 특성, 교육기관의 특성, 프로그램의 특성, 교육기관의 환경 특성, 제도적/사회적 환경 특성 등을 제시하였으며, 참여지속 혹은 중도탈락결정에는 교육경험 특성이 추가적인 요인으로 나타났다. 그러나 개인관련 특성도 상당 부분 학습자의 외부 여건이나 제도의 개선, 교육기관의 노력으로 해결할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 결론으로서 평생교육 기회 확대 및 활성화를 위한 교육기관 차원과 사회제도적 차원의 과제로서, 평생교육기관의 공동체화, 개인적˙사회적 목적의 통합 및 조화, 평생교육지원제도 구축 및 환경 조성 등을 제안하였다. In lifelong education, learners are affected by various factors in making a decision of participation in their life time. The study on participation in lifelong education thus requires the inclusive and the long-term approach. This study attempts to elucidate the various factors that derive from individual, Psychological, social, institutional and environmental aspects, It should also cover the beginning stage where learners make a decision of participation for the first time as well as the continuing stage where learners make a decision about persistence of their education. Accordingly, this study aims to provide a framework to develop a long-term and inclusive participation model of lifelong education. The previous studies on participation theory(Miller, Rubenson, Darkenwald & Merriam, Cookson, and Henry & Basile) and persistence/dropout model(Boshier, Mackinnon-Slaney, Thompson, Tinto, and Bean & Metzner) are analyzed and the related factors in the diverse aspects are summarized. The results of the study show that the related factors of participation and persistence are found in learners, institutions, and policies; learners' personal information, socio-economic status, Psychological characteristics, learning environments, educational institutions, Programs, institutional environment, and social system and policies, In addition, educational experience in institutions is another important factor for persistence or dropout. Also, the non-participation and dropout of learners can be resolved by improvement of learning environment, Policy change, and institutional support. It is thus concluded that community of lifelong education, integration and harmony of individual and social purposes, support system of lifelong education, and the better educational environment should be established for providing and expanding chances of lifelong education.