초등교사의 과학과 환경 교육에 대한 수업실태 분석 및 인식도

조태호,서승조,백남권,김성규,박강은,박원석 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary school teachers' perception toward the environment-related subjects in science education and to investigate their instructional methods in delivering the subjects in the classroom. The participants of this study were 300 elementary school teachers sampled from elementary schools in Kyung Nam Province. The findings of this study were as follows; First, more than half of the teachers surveyed showed that the environment-related units and contents in the science textbook were insufficient to the existing issues. Second, the large portion of teachers responded that the teaching materials in the textbook were insufficient to deliver the contents. Third, the largest portion of respondents replied that their preferred instructional method was a teacher-directed instruction followed by a case study approach. Fourth, in terms of the effectiveness of environmental education, both male and female teachers showed negative responses. Furthermore, male teachers were more negative than female teachers. Fifth, total means of their preference of the environment-related units was 3.13. The unit for sixth graders titled 'Environmental Pollution and Protecting Nature' showed the highest preference, whereas the unit for fifth graders titled 'Structure and Functions of Plants' showed the lowest preference. Sixth, there was no statistically significance in gender and their working areas. Seventh, there was statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in terms of teaching experience. In detail, the teachers with 5 to 9 teaching experience showed the lowest scores, while the teacher with more than 15 years teaching experience showed the highest scores in their perception of the units. Eighth, there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their educational background. For example, two-year college graduates showed higher preference than four-year college graduates.

숯을 이용한 면직물의 천연염색

조원주,이정숙 한국의류산업학회 2004 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.6 No.6

In order to activate the characteristics of charcoal in fiber systems, this study was carried out to experiment with the particle size from two micrometers to ten micrometers of charcoal powders on cotton fabrics. The results obtained were as follows; The fabrics were dyed with gray colors by charcoal. The K/S values, that were indicative of the dye affinity, became higher as the increase of dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and dyeing concentration. Also it was con-firmed the morphology of the fiber surfaces adsorbed with the particle size from two micrometers to four micrometers of charcoal powder by scanning electronmicronscope. The cotton fabrics dyed by charcoals generally recorded 3-4 degree of wash fastness, 4-5 degree of dry-cleaning fastness, 4-5 degree acidic and alkaline perspirations and water fastness. In connection with the functional properties, cotton fabrics dyed with charcoal appeared that antibacterial, deodorization, far infrared emissivity were improved. Especially the deodorization was improved greatly by using charcoal.

퍼지추론을 이용한 영상의 경계추출에 관한 연구

조철호,최원호 울산대학교 1998 공학연구논문집 Vol.29 No.2

경계의 검출과정은 세 단계로 분류할 수 있는데, 이들은 영상 내의 잡음 등을 제거하기 위한 평활화 과정, 경계를 검출하는 과정, 그리고 추적하는 과정이다. 이들 중 평활화 작업과 경계의 검출과정에 퍼지추론의 방법을 적용하였다. 이는 영상 내에 존재하는 미세한 경계의 특징 등은 보존하면서, 잡음 등의 원하지 않은 오염의 영향을 효과적으로 제거하는데 그 목적이 있다. 우선 국부 지역의 화소들의 특징에 근거한 퍼지 가우시안 평활화 필터를 적용하여 경계 정보는 보호하면서도, 평활화 작업을 수행하여 잡음을 제거하는 방법을 구현하였다. 이는 평활화 작업을 경계의 방향과 가로지르는 방향으로 각각 수행함으로서 가능하였다. 그에 대한 정도는 퍼지 규칙과 퍼지 소속 함수로 정의하였다. 이들에 대한 결과의 검증은 표준 가우시안 평활화 필터 등의 전통적인 영상처리 기술과 비교함으로서 확인하였다. The edge detection is one of the important subjects for image processing and analysis. It consists of three stages: smoothing for reducing noise in image data, detecting edge information, and tracing edges. In this paper, fuzzy reasoning algorithms are applied to edge detection and smoothing processes. It is shown that the fuzzy reasoning algorithms are somewhat effective to reduce contaminants and even to preserve minute edge information. A gaussian smoothing filter, which is based on local image characteristics, is used to reduce noises. To preserve edges, the performance of the filter is prohibited for the perpendicular direction of edges. The edge detection algorithm is enhanced by human's heuristic experience, which is represented in fuzzy rules and fuzzy membership functions. The results are compared with those of standard image processing techniques.

J-R 곡선에 대한 시편크기의 영향에 관한 연구

조연제,석창성,김영진,양원호,최용식 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

The objective of this paper is to investigate the constraint effect on fracture resistance curves. A series of fracture toughness tests with different specimen sizes taken from nuclear piping materials(SA312 TP347 SA516 Gr. 70) were performed. Test results show that fracture toughness is increased with increase in specimen size, probably due to the relaxation crack tip constraint. Elastic-plastic finite element analyses were also performed to investigate the constraint effect. Numerical results show that the stress triaxiality at the crack tip is the governing factor for fracture toughness.

고구려 기와 문양에 대한 연구 : 평양 출토 수막새를 중심으로

조원교 국립중앙박물관 2013 고고학지 Vol.19 No.-

필자는 1990년 8월 석사학위 논문 등 연구 논문을 통하여 연화화생(연꽃의 기운 또는 그 표현·연꽃에서 비롯되는 생명 탄생 또는 그 표현)에 등장하는 모든 문양과 표현은 상호 동격을 이루고 호환·교호하며 연계된다고 주장하였다. 특히 일부 문양은 연꽃의 기운과 움직임을 생생하게 나타내려고 연꽃을 여러 가지로 변형시키거나 도안한 것으로 보았다. 고구려 기와에는 연화문·인동문(당초문 포함)·직선문(선문 포함)·원문(동심원문 포함)·소용돌이 모양 문양·거치문 등이 표현되어 있다. 그런데 이 모든 문양들은 단순히 배치, 나열에 그친 것이 아니다. 필자의 위 주장처럼 어김없이 연화화생을 표현하였고, 연계시켜 도안한 것이다. 특히 인동문과 당초문은 연화문의 변형임과 동시에 연화문의 기운과 움직임(동작)을 표현한 것이다. 필자의 이 해석 방법은 기존 고구려 기와 연구의 동향 즉 각 문양들을 독립된 문양으로 파악한 것과는 큰 차이가 있다. 고구려 기와의 연화화생 표현은 당시까지 동북아시아 기와 역사상 가장 다양하고 능숙하며 또 치밀하다. 이는 고구려에서 연화화생 표현이 매우 보편적으로 자리 잡고 있었고, 도안에 고도의 학식(기하학 포함)을 갖춘 조직이 참여하였음을 뜻한다. 고구려 기와에 있는 다양한 문양과 구성 특히 이들이 함께 어우러진 다양한 연화화생 표현은 같은 시기 여러 나라의 것과 매우 다르다. 이 독보적 문화유산의 원류는 우리나라 쪽의 구석기·신석기·청동기시대라고 본다. 끝으로 본 연구에서 주장하는 기와 문양에 대한 해석 방법, 특히 연화화생에 관한 것은 단지 고구려 기와에만 국한되는 것이 아님을 밝힌다. 동시기의 중국·백제·신라 그리고 이후 많은 나라들의 기와도 마찬가지로 적용된다. 그러나 이들은 고구려 기와에서 보는 위 다양한 문양이 등장한 연화화생이 없다. 대체로 연화문(연꽃잎 문양 포함)이 다양하게 표현된 연화화생이다. In my August 1990 master’s thesis and other research articles, I argued that all the patterns and expressions that appear in the yeonhwa-hwasaeng (C. 蓮华化生: purified energy & expression of life from the lotus; K. 蓮華·연꽃) form a mutual apposition and compatible alternation with equality. Some patterns in particular transformed the lotus flowers or designed them to vividly express the energy and movement of the purified lotus or yeonhwa. The Goguryeo roof tiles have expressions of yeonhwamun (蓮华文) or lotus patterns; indongmun (忍冬文) or palmette/honeysuckle patterns which include dangchomun (唐草文) or arabesque designs or foliage scrolls; jikseonmun (直線文) or straight line patterns which include line patterns (線紋); wonmun (圓文) or circle patterns which include dongsim wonmun (同心圓文) or concentric circle patterns; naseonmun (螺線文) or swirling patterns; and geochimun (鋸齒文) or saw-toothed patterns, etc. However, all these patterns are not simply displayed nor just listed. As I insisted previously, they are relatively expressed and copulatively designed in equality with each other. And together they are all from the yeonhwa-hwasaeng without exception. In particular, indongmun & dangchomun are transformed from the same yeonhwamun which is the purified form of lotus birth, yeonhwa-hwasaeng, as well as the expression of its vivid energy and movement swirling up and resulting in the purified birth of the physical lotus. This methodology of interpretation is completely different from pre-existing research which tries to understand each pattern separately when interpreting Goguryŏ roof tiles. Goguryeo roof tiles had the most sophisticated and diverse expression of the yeonhwa hwasaeng, the purified lotus birth, in Northeast Asia at the time. This shows that the expression of yeonhwa-hwasaeng in tiles was common in Goguryeo at that time and also shows the participation of a highly literate (including geometric) designers’ organization. Originating from the yeonhwa-hwasaeng, Goguryeo roof tiles of various patterns and their built-in combinations and configurations are expressed very differently from other countries at the time. I believe this originated from the Korean Paleolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Ages along a unique stream. Finally, this holistic methodology not only can be applied to only Goguryeo roof tiles but also to the ones of China, Baekje (百濟) and Silla (新羅) of the same period but also to many states afterwards as well. However, the roof tile pattens of those countries do not originate from the yeonhwa-hwasaeng of various patterns as the ones from Goguryeo but are usually based on the yeonhwamun or lotus leaf pattern.

수중 시체에서 내부 장기 및 대조수에 대한 규조류의 분석

조갑래,서원준,함석훈,이종석,최동호,전병원,김양정,김광훈 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2002 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.34 No.-

난지도 매립지에서 침출수 거동에 관한 연구

조원철,강동희,구태훈 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2000 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

최근 난지도 매립지는 침출수로 인한 지하수오염이 심각한 매립지 중 하나로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구는 난지도 매립지에서의 침출수 거동을 3차원 지하수 흐름을 모사 할 수 있는 MODFLOW(A Modular 3-D Finite Different Groundwater Flow Model)을 이용하여 분석하였고, 난지도 매립지에서의 침출수 발생량은 HELP(Hydraulic Evaluation of Landfill Performance)모델을 이용하여 추정하였다. 침출수 발생량은 최근 10년간의 기상 자료를 이용하여 산정 하였으며, 침출수 거동은 복토 전/후와 차수벽과 well 설치후의 시간 경과에 따른 침출수위의 변화를 계산하여 예측하였다. 본 연구는 난지도 매립지의 적절한 침출수 발생량과 침출수 거동을 예측하는데 있어 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다. The Nanji landfill has recently became one of the most important site for groundwater contamination leachate transport. This study is to analyze the leachate transport in Nanji waste landfill using MODFLOW(A Modular 3-D Finite Different Groundwater Flow Model) model which can model three dimension groundwater flow. Leachate production rates are estimated by HELP(Hydraulic Evaluation of Landfill Performance) model and used weather records for recently 10 years. Leachate transport is predicted by a change of leachate level to after/before established HDPE, established slurry wall and wells. The purpose of this study is to predict appropriate leachate rates and leachate transport at Nanji waste landfill.

壬亂初期 해전의 승첩과 興陽水軍의 활동

趙湲來 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify the activities of the naval forces which had leaded to victories in Heungyang region(now, called Goheung) during Japanes invasion of Korea(壬辰倭亂). In the early Japanes invasion, there was just Chollachowa naval forces(全羅左水軍) in Chosun Dynasty among which the soldiers of naval force camp in Heungyang revolved around the battle with Japan. so this study was engaged in Heungyang region which was strategic naval camp, Especially this study focused on the geographical importance of the region, namely the situation and phase of It as coast defense base. At that time, it was natural that the coast region in Cholla-Do became a base for navalbattles from a formation of naval forces. Most of all, Heungyang, a place of strategic importance, which was surrounded btF sea on four sides,made brilliant military gains, The reason that Chollachowa naval forces could take part in the battle in the Keyngsang-Do costal region for the first time was the decisive battle will of commanding officers in Heungyang naval forces including not only Jung Un, Nokdo Manho(鹿島萬戶), Song Hee-Rip. Also, it was fact that the naval forces which consisted of the natives in the region helped the victories in marine battles. They who were not regular soldiers played an important role in the strengthening of war potential of Chollachowa naval forces. So this study reveal that the activities of patriotic soldiers are worthy of note. The patriotic soldiers in Heungyang and reinforcements not only achieved brilliant war results but also accomplished their tasks for military provisions and local defense. Admiral Yi, the Chololachowa naval officer said all military provisions came from Cholla-Do but as the battle extended over a long period, Cholla-Do costal region had a difficulty suffered many privations. So Heungyang naval forces installed and cultivated Dunjeon(屯田 : the place owned by a nation for military provisions) in order to allot military provisions in a pasture of Doyang, and they supplied regular foods to naval crops. This study revealed that natives in Heungyang region had great roles and sacrificed themselves and carried heavy burdens.

朴光前의 擧義와 그 一家의 의병운동

趙湲來 慶北大學校 退溪硏究所 2003 退溪學과 韓國文化 Vol.- No.32

이 논문은 光海君의 스승인 竹川 朴光前의 삶과 그 일가의 義兵活動의 자취를 연구·검토함을 목적으로 한다. 죽천 박광전과 그의 두 아들 그리고 그의 임계영·문위세·김익복 등의 一家를 중심으로 형성한 전라좌의병은 5년 동안 지속되었다. 그들은 임계영을 의병대장으로 추천하여 전라좌의병의 지휘권을 맡게 하고, 유생들이 중심이 되어 의병을 모집하였다. 박광전은 보성 향리에 남아, 의병 모집과 군량조달 등의 후방지원활동을 폈다. 그러나 그는 당시 67세의 노령에 신병까지 겹쳐 있어 직접 군사를 지휘할 수 없었으므로 그리고 장남 根孝·처남 문위세·문인 鄭思悌를 주축으로 하여 탄탄한 의병조직을 갖추게 하는 한편, 문인 안방준을 兩湖都體察使 鄭徹의 군중에 파견하여 연락참모의 역할을 맡게 함으로써 조정과도 긴밀한 협조체제를 구축케 하였다. 李滉의 문하에서 학문적 영향을 받은 박광전은 진사시에 합격한 다음 柳希春의 추천으로 慶基殿 참봉이 除授되었고 이어서 獻陵參奉을 지낸 뒤 관직을 떠나 귀향하였다. 그 후 氷庫別坐에 다시 기용되었다가 1581(선조 14) 광해군의 潛邸時 王子師博를 지낸 뒤 司憲府 監察·咸悅縣監·懷德縣監 등의 관직을 역임하였다. 1592년 임진왜란이 일어나자 장남 根孝·처남 문위세·문인 鄭思悌를 주축으로 하여 보성에 의병을 조직 하였다. 그들은 개령·성주지방을 수복하는 전공을 세웠을 뿐 아니라 영남지방에서의 전세를 수세에서 공세로 전환시켰다는 사실이 주목된다. 따라서 박광전의 일가친척이 함께 펼친 임란 의병운동은 임진왜란에서 그친 것이 아니라, 『朴氏七賢擧義錄』이 말하듯이 丙子胡亂 때까지 계속되었다. 박광전 일가의 의병운동이 시작된 것은 죽천 자신이 임진년 신병 중에 67세의 노령으로 전라좌의병을 일으키면서부터이다. 그의 일가의 의병 활동과 관련하여 우리들이 주목할 것은 그들은 의병정신의 본질이 곧 儒者의 충의정신에서 비롯된 것이며, 따라서 의병의 戰力 역시 군사기술의 전투력에 있는 것이 아니라 道學의 학문정신이 발현된 정신 전력에 있음을 역설한 것이다. This is to investigate the life to Park Kwang Jeon(朴光前), a teacher of Kwang Hye prince, and is to trace the loyal troop's activities of his family. The Chon-Ra Left loyal troop had the group who was mainly made up of his family such as his two sons, his brother-in-law, his disciples as well as himself. Their activities had lasted for five years under the banner of loyal troops. They had Im Kye Young in an eastern area as their director and mobilized Confucian scholars. Park Kwang Jeon recruited soldiers, collected provisions, and supported the military headquarters in their rear. But he didn't attend direct military activities because of the old age, 67, and an illness. He, a disciple of Lee Hwang(李滉), passed a Jin-Sa examination and served as Cham-bong in Kyeng Gee Jeon(慶基殿) on the recommendation of Yu Hee Choon, provincial governor in Chon-Ra Do. After passing Princess teacher, Sa Heon Boo Gam-Chal(司憲府 監察), Ham Yel Hyun-Gam(咸悅縣監), Heo Duk Hyen-Gam(懷德縣監) and so on, he retired from the government position, and then he recruited soldiers in Bo Seong when Japanese military invaded. His consolidated loyal troops who were made up of volunteers as well as the military leaders like Park Geun Hyo, his first son, Moon Wyi Se, his brother-in-law, Jeng Sa Je(鄭思悌) of his disciple, defeated the enemy at the Kye Ryeong battle in Kyeong-Sang Do, and then recovered Seong Ju castle. It turned the defensive into the offensive in Young Nam area. Their Military activity kept on until Byeong Ja Ho-Ran(丙子胡亂). Park's family Chil Hyun Rok(朴氏七賢擧義錄) showed us that the loyal troops began by Park Kwang Jeon. In relation to his family's military activities, what we pay attention to is that their goal is based on not only a military achievement but also ethical activism. Their basic spirit came from the loyalty of a Confucian. Therefore, the most important thing in their fighting strength is not a physical power but mental only based on a learning spirit.

신자유주의의 비교학설사적 고찰 : 보편성 기준의 충족여부를 중심으로

조원희 국민대학교 경제연구소 2003 국민경제연구 Vol.26 No.-

시장근본주의, 또는 신자유주의의 학설사적 계보를 확인하고 그 사상적 특징을 다른 자유주의 사조와 비교 고찰하였다. 신자유주의는 시장자유주의와 경제학적 내용에 있어서는 유사하나 일종의 ① 전통적인 경제영역에서 시장을 즉각적·무조건적·무제한적으로 확대·강화하고 ② 비경제적인 영역까지 포함하여 인간생활 전반을 시장원리로 작동시키고자하는 정책이념이며 따라서 ③ 시장에 전인격을 포획하고자 하는 기획임을 확인하였다. 사상적 보편성이 내재하는지를 검토한 결과 신자유주의는 고전자유주의, 시장자유주의와는 달리 금융자본에 편파적인 이념이라는 결론을 얻었다. The genealogy of market fundamentalism is made clear and then the characteristics of this strand was examined in comparison with other variants of liberalism. It was found that neoliberalism, although seemingly similar to market liberalism and not much different from the latter in terms of the contents of economic policies upheld and of the underlying ethos, is a new version of liberalism in that first it pursues an immediate/unconditional/unconstrained application of the policies to economic arena; second it attempts to organise according to market principle all the aspects of non-economic life; lastly, it is a project to imprison the whole person in the market. It is further argued and justified that neoliberalism fails the test of universality; it is found notoriously biased in favour of the interests of finance capital, the form of capital which is inherently mobile and liquid but has acquired an independence from the industrial base due to the implementation of neoliberal policies.