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The Safety and Efficacy of a Dietary Herbal Supplement and Gallic Acid for Weight Loss
Frank L. Greenway,Andrew T. Roberts,Corby K. Martin,Zhijun Liu,Ronald J. Amen,Eugene A. Woltering,Jennifer C. Rood,Mary K. Caruso,Ying Yu,Hui Xie 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
The objective of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of NT, a dietary herbal supplement made fromrhubarb, ginger, astragulus, red sage, and turmeric, combined with gallic acid (GA) to reduce food intake and cause weightloss. A total of 105 healthy subjects, 1860 years old with a body mass index of 2535 kg/m2 and on no chronic medication,were randomized to a 300 mg/1.2 g NT-GA combination, a 600 mg/2.4 g NT-GA combination, or placebo in three divideddoses daily for 24 weeks. Food intake was measured at baseline and 2 weeks, and safety parameters were followed regularly.Pharmacokinetic studies of a 200 mg/800 mg NT-GA combination and 800 g GA alone were performed with and withoutfood. There was no dose-related weight loss or reduction in food intake at the 8-week analysis, and the study was terminatedearly. Pharmacokinetic studies showed plasma levels of GA did not increase above 10 .M and were not dose-related. TheNT-GA at all concentrations was well tolerated, but was ineffective in causing weight loss or in suppressing food intake. Phar-macokinetics suggested that GA plasma levels were limited by oral absorption, and may be the reason for lack of efficacy.
Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld,Baris Mercanoglu,Bianca T. Hofmann,Thomas Wolpers,Claudia Schnabel,Sönke Harder,Pascal Steffen,Kai Bachmann,Babett Steglich,Jörg Schrader,Nicola Gagliani,Hartmut Schlüter,Cenap 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
Cosmc is ubiquitously expressed and acts as a specific molecular chaperone assisting the folding and stability of core 1 synthase. Thus, it plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Here, we show that ablation of Cosmc in the exocrine pancreas of mice causes expression of truncated O-glycans (Tn antigen), resulting in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with decreased activities of digestive enzymes and diabetes. To understand the molecular causes of the pleiotropic phenotype, we used Vicia villosa agglutinin to enrich Tn antigen-modified proteins from Cosmc-KO pancreatic lysates and performed a proteomic analysis. Interestingly, a variety of proteins were identified, of which bile salt-activated lipase (also denoted carboxyl-ester lipase, Cel) was the most abundant. In humans, frameshift mutations in CEL cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 8 (MODY8), a monogenic syndrome of diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. Here, we provide data suggesting that differentially Oglycosylated Cel could negatively affect beta cell function. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of correct O-glycan formation for normal exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, implying that aberrant Oglycans might be relevant for pathogenic mechanisms of the pancreas.
Feed Intake Patterns and Growth Performance of Purebred and Crossbred Meishan and Yorkshire Pigs
Hyun, Y.,Wolter, B.F.,Ellis, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.6
Two experiments were conducted to compare the feed intake patterns and growth performance of Meishan and Yorkshire growing pigs. Experiment 1 was carried out over a 6-wk period and used 48 barrows with equal numbers of purebred Meishan (M) and Yorkshire (Y). Pigs were allocated to four groups of 12 pigs consisting of equal numbers of M and Y. Initial BW were $36.4{\pm}0.32kg$ and $42.1{\pm}1.41kg$ for M and Y, respectively. Experiment 2 was carried out over a 5-week period and used 48 pigs consisting of equal numbers of both barrows and gilts and of crossbred Meishan$\times$Yorkshire (MY) and purebred Yorkshire (Y) animals. Pigs were allotted to 6 pens of 8 pigs, with 4 single- and 2 mixed-genotype groups (initial $BW=28.5{\pm}0.99kg$). In both experiments, pigs were given ad libitum access to a grower diet (17% crude protein, 0.9% lysine, 3365 kcal/kg ME) via feed intake recording equipment (F.I.R.E.). Pigs carried an ear-tag transponder with an unique identification which allowed the time, duration, and size of individual meals to be recorded. In Exp. 1, Y had higher ADG (721 vs 353 g, p<0.01), daily feed intake (DFI; 2.338 vs 1.363 kg, p<0.01), made more frequent visits to the feeder per day (NFV; 18.5 vs 7.7, p<0.01), had a shorter feeder occupation time per visit (FOV; 7.4 vs 12.9 min, p<0.01), and ate less feed per visit (FIV; 130 vs 177 g, p<0.01) than M pigs. Feed consumption rates (CR) were greater for Y compared to M (19.3 vs 14.8 g/min, p<0.01). Feeder occupation time per day (FOD) was longer for Y than M (114.3 vs 82.8 min/pig, p<0.01). Yorkshire pigs visited the feeder more frequently between 0800 and 1100 h. Meishan pigs showed more frequent feeder visits between 0600 and 0800 h, and between 1600 and 2100 h when feeding competition with Y was reduced. In Exp. 2, there was no effect of genotype or group composition on DFI, ADG or gain:feed ratio. Crossbred pigs (MY) made fewer feeder visits (12.6 vs 17.7, p<0.01), and had greater FIV (124 vs 98 g/visit, p<0.01), and longer FOV (8.11 vs 7.24 min/visit, p<0.01) and FOD (112 vs 100 min, p<0.05) than Y pigs. Results of this study suggest substantial genetic variation in feeding patterns as well as in growth performance.
Gunawan, Stefanus,Wolters, Emma,Dongen, Josephine Van,De Ven, Peter Van,Sitaresmi, Mei,Veerman, Anjo,Mantik, Max,Kaspers, Gertjan,Mostert, Saskia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8
Background: Efficacy of childhood cancer treatment in low-income countries may be impacted by parents' and health-care providers' perspectives on chemotherapy-related side-effects. This study explores prevalence and severity of side-effects in childhood cancer, and compares health beliefs about side-effects between parents and health-care providers, and between nurses and doctors in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires were filled in by 40 parents and 207 health-care providers in an academic hospital. Results: Parents exporessed a desire to receive more information about side-effects (98%) and worried about this aspect of treatment (90%), although side-effects were less severe than expected (66%). The most frequent was behavior alteration (98%) and the most severe was hair loss. Only 26% of parents consulted doctors about side-effects. More parents, compared to health-care providers, believed that medicines work better when side-effects are more severe (p<0.001), and accepted severe side-effects (p=0.021). More health-care providers, compared to parents, believed that chemotherapy can be stopped or the dosage altered when there are side-effects (p=0.011). More nurses, compared to doctors, stated that side-effects were unbearable (p=0.004) and made them doubt efficacy of treatment (p<0.001). Conclusions: Behavior alteration is the most frequent and hair loss the most severe side-effect. Apparent discrepancies in health beliefs about side-effects exist between parents and health-care providers. A sustainable parental education program about side-effects is recommended. Health-care providers need to update and improve their knowledge and communication skills in order to give appropriate information. Suchmeasures may improve outcome of childhood cancer treatment in low-income countries, where adherence to therapy is a major issue.
Socio-economic Status Plays Important Roles in Childhood Cancer Treatment Outcome in Indonesia
Mostert, Saskia,Gunawan, Stefanus,Wolters, Emma,van de Ven, Peter,Sitaresmi, Mei,van Dongen, Josephine,Veerman, Anjo,Mantik, Max,Kaspers, Gertjan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12
Background: The influence of parental socio-economic status on childhood cancer treatment outcome in low-income countries has not been sufficiently investigated. Our study examined this influence and explored parental experiences during cancer treatment of their children in an Indonesian academic hospital. Materials and Methods: Medical charts of 145 children diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. From October 2011 until January 2012, 40 caretakers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Of all patients, 48% abandoned treatment, 34% experienced death, 9% had progressive/relapsed disease, and 9% overall event-free survival. Prosperous patients had better treatment outcome than poor patients (P<0.0001). Odds-ratio for treatment abandonment was 3.3 (95%CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006) for poor versus prosperous patients. Parents often believed that their child's health was beyond doctor control and determined by luck, fate or God (55%). Causes of cancer were thought to be destiny (35%) or God's punishment (23%). Alternative treatment could (18%) or might (50%) cure cancer. Most parents (95%) would like more information about cancer and treatment. More contact with doctors was desired (98%). Income decreased during treatment (55%). Parents lost employment (48% fathers, 10% mothers), most of whom stated this loss was caused by their child's cancer (84% fathers, 100% mothers). Loss of income led to financial difficulties (63%) and debts (55%). Conclusions: Treatment abandonment was most important reason for treatment failure. Treatment outcome was determined by parental socio-economic status. Childhood cancer survival could improve if financial constraints and provision of information and guidance are better addressed.
Blog Corpus-based Clustering Scheme for Category Fluency Test (CFT) Data Clustering
Yong-Jae Lee(이용재),Maria Wolters,Hee-Jin Lee(이희진),Jong C. Park(박종철) 한국HCI학회 2013 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1
치매 진단 도구의 하나인 범주유창성검사는 치매 환자의 의미기억과 언어 유창성 수행 능력을 평가하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 범주유창성검사의 수행 결과는 피험자가 검사 중 나열하는 항목들의 총갯수를 바탕으로 평가되는데, 최근에는 검사 데이터의 군집 및 전이 패턴을 고려하여 수행 결과를 평가하려는 연구들과 이에 대한 자동화 기법들이 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 범주유창성검사 데이터의 군집 및 전의 패턴을 계산학적으로 분석하기 위해 블로그 코퍼스 기반 군집 계획을 제안하고 기존의 범주유창성검사 군집 자동화 연구와의 비교를 통해 블로그 코퍼스 기반 군집 계획 구성의 필요성을 보인다. Category Fluency Test (CFT) is one of the most popular methods to screen dementia and is used in particular to evaluate the organization of the semantic memory and verbal fluency of a patient with dementia. The CFT performance is assessed according to the number of items each patient produces during the test. Recently, however, researchers have also proposed to evaluate the performance by considering the pattern of clusters and switches of the CFT data, with efforts to figure out the clusters and switches on the CFT data computationally. In this work, we propose a novel blog corpus-based clustering scheme to analyze the clusters and switches of the CFT data in a computational manner. In addition, we will argue for the need of the blog corpus-based clustering scheme by comparing it with the previous work on automatic CFT data clustering.