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Charisma in a Watery Frame: North Korean Narrative Topographies and the Tumen River
( Robert Winstanley-chesters ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2016 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.40 No.3
In this article, I address North Korea both in its latent stage and the reframing of its early political narratives to support the function and authority of its current government. These narratives of nationalistic and political struggle expand across geographic boundaries and are also bound by them-hence my focus on the Tumen River. Secondarily, I consider the reframing of riverine spaces within the terrain of Pyongyang’s contemporary politics, and recent examples of reenactment for commemorative purposes of historically and politically important crossings of North Korea’s northern rivers. Together, these analytic elements suggest the key position of rivers in both the bounding and unbounding of North Korean history, politics, ideology, and nationhood.
Ghost Ships as Spectral Geography: An Introduction to North Korean Necro-Mobilities
Robert Winstanley-Chesters 건국대학교 아시아·디아스포라 연구소 2020 International Journal of Diaspora&Cultural Critici Vol.10 No.2
North Koreans have always been required to work hard, to offer their bodies, spirits and lives to serve Pyongyang’s developmental ambitions and agendas. When times have been difficult North Korean citizens have had to work harder, to dig more and harvest more. North Koreans who live in coastal communities have also been encouraged by bureaucracies and institutions to extract more the seas and oceans. North Korea has often faced difficulties and in developing fishing capabilities and capacities, inspite of ambitions to become a global fishing power. North Koreans who are not traditionally fishermen, have thus set to sea underprepared, under-resourced and lacking in capabilities and many have come to grief on the high seas, and died far from their native shores. Months later their vessels have arrived unannounced and unexpected on the shores of Japan and the Russian Federation, ship intact but with a macabre crew of highly mobile dead North Koreans. These are the ‘ghost ships’ and they have provided an extraordinary challenge for regional authorities on how to manage this form of North Korean mobility. Building from work on spectral and ghostly geographies, this paper considers the mobilities and immobilities of these ships and their crews, including recent work on necro-mobilities. It seeks the spaces created for them on distant shores and the conceptual spaces their bodies create in East Asian regional politics. Finally it places them within the wider frame of active and lively materials from North Korea and the problems generated by their mobilities and immobilities.
Fish for the Elite: Seafood Restaurants and North Korean Watery Environmental Histories
Robert WINSTANLEY-CHESTERS 한국과학사학회 2022 한국과학사학회지 Vol.44 No.2
Fish have long been of importance to North Korea, vital to its developmental am-bitions, and through structures of division such as the Northern Limit Line, also to its politics. Fish and seafood in general have been key elements in the cuisine and dietary practices of the Korean peninsula since the beginning of its recorded history. Korean food frequently has fish, molluscs and cephalopods at its heart, from more common forms such as jjigae stews 찌개, to the challenging san-nakji 산낙지 (live octopus). Fish is eaten everywhere on the Korean peninsula, though of course it is less frequently eaten in the interior and in mountainous areas. Fish and seafood products are also eaten across all social classes on the Korean penin-sula and in Korean history. In particular miyeok 미역 or wind/beach dried kelp has long been a vital element in Korean cooking, and the drying of miyoek by coastal communities was a key element to many of those communities social and eco-nomic practices in previous sentences. Of course there were varieties of seafood and maritime products that only the rich and elite could afford, and places where such food could be bought and consumed naturally became rarefied and expensive places, and seafood became an important element in the rediscovered “Korean Royal Court Cuisine” 조선왕조 궁중요리 Joseon wangjo gungjung yori, which harked back to the food practices of the Joseon dynasty. North Korea itself claims or aspires to be a classless society and a political space where there are no elites, and where the memory of the Joseon dynasty is dismissed as a feudal aberration. This paper explores an element of the reality of North Korea dining and food con-sumption and practices, particularly around seafood. Considering the vital im-portance of fishing and seafood to North Korea, particularly as a source of reve-nue and goods for export, and the role of fish and maritime products as a vital source of protein in Pyongyang’s conceptions of socialist developmental practice, the paper in particular considers the environmental and ecological histories of the seas around the north of the Korean peninsula in mind, as well as North Korea’s history of aquaculture, and efforts to farm particular species like Sturgeon and Atlantic Cod. Having done this the paper seeks to understand what the presence of elite fish restaurants and dining places in Pyongyang, and the research and logis-tics required to support them mean within the nation’s environmental and devel-opmental history.
New Goddesses at Paektu Mountain: Two Contemporary Korean Myths
Robert Winstanley-Chesters,Victoria Ten 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2016 통일인문학 Vol.2 No.1
Mountain worship and sanshin (mountain gods) legends are intrinsic to Korean culture. Central for narratives of anti-colonial struggle and contemporary policy of North Korea, Mt. Paektu also became a symbol of Korean national identity in South Korean popular culture. This paper engages two legends sited there, suggesting that their main protagonists represent contemporary sanshin. Firstly we consider the image of Kim Chŏng-suk of North Korea, and those narratives addressing her husband, Kim Il-sŏng’s guerrilla resistance in terrains surrounding Paektu. As a bodyguard of Kim Il-sŏng and a champion of revolutionary struggle, Kim Chŏng-suk transcends her human nature, and embodies female presence on Mt. Paektu. Secondly the paper investigates narrative from contemporary South Korean practice GiCheon (氣天 Kich’ŏn), intended for physical and moral cultivation of a person, reinvented in modernity on the basis of ancient East-Asian traditions. It recounts a mythic meeting of Bodhidharma with the Immortal Woman of Heaven (天仙女 Ch’ŏnsŏnyŏ) dwelling at Mt. Paektu. The Woman of Heaven overpowers Bodhidharma in battle, challenging patriarchal gender conceptions and contesting Chinese cultural superiority. Examined together, these two narratives demonstrate common cultural background. Ancient tradition, passed down from past to present, continuously accumulates and transforms, acquiring new forms in South and North Korean contexts.
Robert Winstanley-Chesters 건국대학교 인문학연구원 2019 통일인문학 Vol.5 No.2
Territory and landscape are vitally important to both nations currently on the Korean peninsula. Historically both Koreas have contested and imagined the others territory as their own. However, both Koreas have both been forced to consider what the landscape of the other might look like at the moment of or following unification. Occasionally both Koreas have joined together to enact and imagine such moments of unification. This paper in particular considers arboreal elements of geography and topography reproduced at moments of intersection between the two Koreas, and how they are historically framed, imagined and grounded and embodied in real materiality, so they are not just imagined places in the future, but places of imagination in the present. Specifically, this paper focuses on a ceremonial tree planting ceremony on the April 27, 2018 between Kim Jong Un and Moon Jae-in at the April 2019 Inter-Korean Summit held at Panmunjom in the Joint Security Area. Using the work of Denis Cosgrove, Nak-chung Paik, Gilles Deleuze, Heonik Kwon and Byung-ho Chung, the paper places the ceremony and other symbolic elements that day within a wider historical-geographical and transnational frame of the place of trees and topographic features at moments in which both practices of political authority and unification are performed and enacted in Korean history.