Ralph Vaughan Williams의 'Songs of Travel'에 관한 연구

한수경 성신여자대학교 2010 국내석사

본 논문에서는 로버트 루이스 스티븐슨(Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894)의 시를 가사로 채택한 랄프 본 윌리암스(Ralph Vaughan Williams, 1872-1958)의 연가곡 ｢여행의 노래(Songs of Travel), 1901-1904｣를 중심으로 본 윌리암스의 생애와 작품세계, 그의 음악적 성향과 가곡의 특징을 함께 연구하였다. 연가곡｢Songs of Travel｣은 그의 초기작품이기는 하지만 본 윌리암스의 음악적 특징과 영국음악의 작품성향을 함께 보여주고 있어서 그 연구하는 의미가 있다고 보여 진다. 본론에서는 가곡사를 중심으로 영국음악의 발달을 알아보고, 빅토리아 시대의 문학적 특징과 로버트 루이스 스티븐슨의 생애와 작품의 특징도 살펴보겠다. 결론적으로 본 윌리암스는 민족주의적이며, 영국적이고 전원적인 음악적 성향을 가지고 반주부의 다양한 악기 사용으로 작곡한 여러 장르의 많은 작품들을 통하여 그만의 개성과 특징있는 작품세계를 보여주었다. 또 잘 알려진 대로 800여곡의 민요수집과 편곡, 지휘, 교수 등 그의 활발한 음악활동은 영국 음악의 정체성 확립과 영국음악의 특징을 형성할 수 있도록 기여하였고, 이러한 그의 업적은 영국 음악사적 측면에서 큰 공헌하였음을 알아보고자 한다.

방황좌절 극복의 문제 : Tennessee Williams 作品에 나타난 인물을 중심으로

김미량 梨花女子大學校 1978 국내석사

Tennesse Williams 작품의 여성인물의 자아의식 연구 : The glass menageria, a streetcar named desire, cat on a hot int roof를 중심으로

이은주 경성대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

Tennessee Williams, as a male playwright, represented the agony of women. His female characters, being isolated from reality, are depicted as disfigured or abnormal. They try to adapt themselves to the real world but they fail to do so. Hence, they suffer from conflicts between illusion and reality, body and soul, and mendacity and truth. In his earlier works, Williams deals with self­destructive female characters who often cling to their own illusions and nostalgia for the Old South. In The Glass Menagerie, Williams' most autobiographical play, Amanda oppresses and frustrates her son and daughter with her reminiscences of the Blue Mountain. Her daughter Laura is a retrogressive female character who is unable to cope with reality due to her lameness, her fragility, and her mother's inappropriate oppressive values. She escapes to her illusions, which are symbolized by the glass menagerie and a worn­out victrola. Just as her 'unicorn' shatter so does her attempt to get away from her own illusionary world. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche is brought face to face with the bitter reality of New Orleans, which contrasts with her memories of Belle Reve. Being a lonesome woman, desperately seeking human contact in reality, Blanche sustains herself with her illusions of being a 'Southern gentlewoman'. Blanche, brought up and bound by the traditions of the Old South, collides with Stanley, who represents the industrial and the materialistic society of the twentieth century. Blanche is defeated in her confrontation with Stanley, both physically and mentally. Yet, unlike Laura, Blanche does not retreat without a struggle. Amanda and Laura both give up their hopes for the future, due to their failures of overcoming their experiences and being unable to adjust to their present reality, However, Blanche tries to exile herself from the cruel world through her duplicity. Williams' changed view of life made it possible to create another types of female characters who struggle against their bitter reality. Williams realized that it is not desirable to stick to the past. Such realization is reflected by the character Maggie in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Maggie is a realistic woman who has a bitter memory of her past. Unlike Laura and Blanche, she is a woman capable of envisioning her future from her past experience. Clearly differentiated from Laura and Blanche, Maggie is a character who faces the crisis of her marriage life and also struggles to fulfill her wishes for regaining her husband's love and inheriting Big Daddy's property through aggressive strength and willpower. This thesis analyzes Williams' three plays focusing on his developing point of views on women as well as the changes and growth of the female characters' recognition. His views changed from escaping from the reality to facing the reality and then to accepting and embracing it. In his plays, Williams emphasizes the necessity of mutual understanding as well as incessant endurance and positive effort between human beings.

윌리엄 칼로스 윌리엄스 시에 나타난 시각 예술의 특징

남진우 충남대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

Ralph Vaughan Williams의 연가곡 [Songs of Travel] op.7에 대한 음악적 소고

최연수 부산대학교 2001 국내석사

John Williams의 "Star Wars" 중 "The Imperial March" 에 대한 분석 연구

한송이 상명대학교 2003 국내석사

Raymond Williams의 방법론 연구 : `문학'과 문화 패러다임을 중심으로

유제홍 한국외국어대학교 대학원 1995 국내석사

VISIONS AND NARRATIVES : MODERNISM IN THE PROSE WORKS OF YOSHIYUKI EISUKE, MURAYAMA TOMOYOSHI, YUMENO KYUSAKU, AND OKAMOTO KANOKO (JAPAN)

WILLIAMS, JUNKO IKEZU THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 1998 해외박사

Ritual and Economy in Ezra-Nehemiah: Relationships Created and Broken

Williams, Jeremy Isaac University of California, Los Angeles ProQuest Dis 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

The biblical books of Ezra and Nehemiah portray the return and restoration of exiled Judeans set in the Persian period. Evidence suggests the post-exilic period included immense difficulties for various groups of returnees. In this study, I argue that they navigated their struggles, in part, at the intersection of ritual and economy-that is, the place where ritual actions overlap and intertwine with the movement of material resources, often in the form of exchange. In order to investigate and hypothesize about motivations behind decision-making at this intersection, this study draws on economic anthropology and ritual theory to form a methodological framework. The analysis covers three ritual realms: freewill offerings, marriage rituals, and the Sabbath. Freewill offerings presented by returnees upon arrival in Jerusalem, as portrayed in Ezra 2:68-69, provided an important opportunity to performatively present their wealth, engender trust, and demonstrate group commitment in order to build mutually supportive relationships. Similarly, the ritual and economic elements involved in the intermarriage episodes of Ezra 9-10 and Neh 13:23-28, supported with comparative evidence from the Elephantine marriage documents (TAD B2.6, B3.3, B3.8), functioned for some as a way to establish and build a support network outside the returnee community and for others as a way encourage inner-group relationships. Lastly, the closing of the gates of Jerusalem as part of the Sabbath episode (Neh 13:15-22), which kept out merchants as well as economic resources, becomes an integral part of the Sabbath day ritual, functioning to limit relationship with outsiders. Ultimately, the intersection of ritual and economy within these three ritual realms is the place where relationships are formed, maintained, and/or broken. Certain community leaders sought to use this space to encourage inner-communal relationships whereas others, including wealthy and elite groups, tended to prioritize external connections, often at the expense of their fellow returnees.

Living with conflict: The effect of community organizations, economic assets, and mass media consumption on migration during armed conflict

Williams, Nathalie E University of Michigan 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is an examination of migration during armed conflict and the individual and community characteristics that shape this relationship. Although evidence consistently shows that conflict affects migration on an aggregate level, there is little theoretical or empirical work at the micro-level that addresses the individual- and community-level determinants that make people willing and able to migrate during conflict. To address this gap, I develop multi-dimensional theoretical models that analyze migration decisions at the individual level and the role of community organizations, employment and economic status, and consumption of mass media in systematically altering the way individuals react to armed conflict. Using the recent Maoist insurrection in Nepal as a case study, I empirically test these theoretical models with prospective survey data and detailed records of specific violent events. I find that specific violent events have different effects on migration, with gun battles increasing and bomb blasts decreasing the likelihood of migration. Within this context, community organizations can provide economic and social support that mitigates the influence of conflict on individuals' lives. I find evidence that organizations such as markets, employers, farmers' cooperatives, and religious institutions dampened the effect of violent events on migration. Economic indicators also moderated the conflict-migration relationship. Location specific characteristics that an individual could lose upon migration, such as employment and land ownership, decreased migration after any violent event. Conversely livestock, which are a more liquid asset, increased migration after violent events. Finally, results show that use of the mass media positively affected migration during the conflict, likely through the provision of information and influencing exaggerated perceptions of threat. Overall, this dissertation contributes to the academic literature through the construction and empirical testing of theoretical models of individual migration decisions during armed conflict. I demonstrate that individuals react to violence differently, depending upon their individual and community circumstances which affect their experience and perceptions of violence and the utility and ability to migrate away. I also demonstrate that detailed measurement of the specific events that constitute armed conflict is necessary to effectively study subsequent behaviors.