The Element Segregation Between γ/γʹ Phases in a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy Studied by 3D-APT and Its Potential Impact on Local Interfacial Misfit Strain

Wenchao Yang,Pengfei Qu,Ruirong Zhang,Jiarun Qin,Chen Liu,Jun Zhang,Lin Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.6

Three-dimensional atom-probe tomography was used to characterize the γ/γʹ interface structure in a third-generation Nibasedsingle crystal superalloy with Re addition. It was found that an element-segregation layer with Re, Co and Cr wasformed in the γ phase close to the γ/γ′ interface, resulting in a more negative local interface misfit (− 0.29%) compared tothe measured result (− 0.16%) from high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the total reduction of interfacial freeenergy due to the solute atom segregation based on the Gibbsian interfacial excess was calculated to indicate that Re elementwas the most beneficial element in producing this more negative local misfit with the largest interfacial free energy reduction(13.67 ± 0.21 mJ/m2). Simultaneously, because of the co-segregation of Re, Co and Cr, and the depletion of Ni in the γphase close to the γ/γ′ interface, it was also deduced that some harmful topologically close-packed phases might be easierto nucleate and grow in the γ phase close to the γ/γ′ interface in service.

Efficient Proxy Re-encryption Scheme for E-Voting System

( Wenchao Li ),( Hu Xiong ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.5

With the development of information and communication technologies, especially wireless networks and cell phones, the e-voting system becomes popular as its cost-effectiveness, swiftness, scalability, and ecological sustainability. However, the current e-voting schemes are faced with the problem of privacy leakage and further cause worse vote-buying and voter-coercion problems. Moreover, in large-scale voting, some previous e-voting system encryption scheme with pairing operation also brings huge overhead pressure to the voting system. Thus, it is a vital problem to design a protocol that can protect voter privacy and simultaneously has high efficiency to guarantee the effective implementation of e-voting. To address these problems, our paper proposes an efficient unidirectional proxy re-encryption scheme that provides the re-encryption of vote content and the verification of users’ identity. This function can be exactly applied in the e-voting system to protect the content of vote and preserve the privacy of the voter. Our proposal is proven to be CCA secure and collusion resistant. The detailed analysis also shows that our scheme achieves higher efficiency in computation cost and ciphertext size than the schemes in related fields.

Commercialism and Writers’ Alienation in George Gissing’s New Grub Street

( Wenchao Mu ),( Sukjoo Sohn ) 21세기영어영문학회 2020 영어영문학21 Vol.33 No.1

George Gissing’s New Grub Street is set in the 1880s when rapid industrialization was transforming every aspect of Victorian society. Writers, who were once under the protection of noble patrons, were now subjected to brutal market forces. Those who could appeal to the public enjoyed unprecedented wealth and popularity, whereas those who held on to their artistic ideals and refused to compromise often ended up in poverty and neglect. New Grub Street is especially concerned with these changes and the impact on writers. Gissing delves deep into the commercial trend of his age and depicts the disintegrating literary world with unrelenting realism. Utilizing the theory of alienation, this paper analyzes the dilemmas facing professional writers in the commercial society, specifically, writers’ self-estrangement, social isolation, and cultural estrangement as depicted in New Grub Street. Since writing is both an intellectual and physical form of labor, the paper uses Karl Marx’s theory of estranged labor to analyze writers’ alienation in the writing process.

Investigation on Digital Media Image Processing Algorithm Based on Asynchronous and Inertia Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization

Wenchao Zhang,Caigen Zhou,Xinxin Bao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.2

With the continuous development of computer science and technology, image processing and analysis gradually form the scientific system. Although history of image processing is not long, it attracts many researchers study on it. Digital media image widely exists in many fields, such as education, video, advertisement, and so on. Process digital media image is an important part of image processing. When analyze the digital media image, we want to extract the image part we care from the original image and then method for image segmentation is quite important. That is to say that the image segmentation will divide the image into a number of regions with specific and unique nature. How to keep the original characteristics of the digital media image is quite important in the image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for digital media image segmentation, and it is also can be used in the image processing. The algorithm is based on asynchronous particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the adaptive threshold; take the inertia factor into the algorithm, the optimal threshold has been acquired for the image segmentation. Compared with other particle swarm optimization algorithm, the algorithm has the advantages of stable, easy to converge to the optimal solution, and high segmentation speed.

Analyzing Web data to examine the gender pay gap in STEM fields

Wenchao Dong(둥웬차오),Bryan Wong(브라이언 웡),Hasnain Irshad Bhatti(파티 하스나인 일샤드),Lanu Kim(김란우),Meeyoung Cha(차미영) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

WILL STRONG RETAILERS ACQUIRE BETTER PROCUMENT PERFORMANCE?: ANALYSIS BASED ON THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF THE QUALITY OF RETAILER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP

Wenchao Liu,Rupan Sun,Xin Xin,Lihui Sun 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Due to the continuous development of international retailers in the Chinese market, and the merger and reorganization among Chinese retailers in recent years, the degree of concentration of the Chinese retail industry has been increasing, and the scale of retailers has been expanding. It is suggested by the report China Powers of Retailing 2014 that an increasing number of large-scale retail groups have been formed in the Chinese retail industry. In large and medium-sized cities in China, such large-scale supermarkets as Wal-Mart, Carrefour and RT-Mart have controlled most market shares of food and daily necessities. And large-scale household appliance chains, such as Gome and Suning, have controlled most market shares of home appliance. Due to the advantage of scale and brand of large-scale retailers, these retailers have gradually occupied a leading role in the supply chain, and formed buyer monopoly power and countervailing power. Intuitively speaking, retailers can acquire obvious advantages in procurement activities, no matter it is the buyer monopoly power or countervailing power that is being utilized. And the advantages are beneficial to the improvement of retailers’ procurement performance. However, it is pointed out by a number of scholars’ research that buyer power’s influence on retail enterprises’ performance is quite complicated. Whether buyer power can improve economic efficiency depends on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship. The quality of the relationships between retailers and suppliers exerts direct influence on the stability, durability and equity of the trade. In the long term, the reinforcement of buyer power will probably exert adverse influence on the suppliers and retailers. By imposing influence on suppliers with buyer power, retailers will cause twisted competition and prifit shrinkage to suppliers in the upstream market. As a result, the quantity of suppliers will be decreased, which will be disadvantageous to the selection of retailers and affect retailers’ utilization of their negotiating advantage. In the meanwhile, by imposing special prices and discounts, collecting extra charges and signing exclusive agreement with suppliers, retailers will lead to suppliers’ impaired benefit. It will further affect the quality of the retailer-supplierrelationship and ultimately exert adverse influence on both parties’ long-term earnings. In the existing research, few scholars have thoroughly discussed the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance. In addition, different conclusions exist in the analysis of the relationships among the three factors, or between two of them. In order to empirically test the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance, we established the theoretical model of this study in figure 1. The research will help us to cognize the influence of retailers’ buyer power more reasonably, and guide retailers better utilize buyer power, an attempt is made to explore the following questions in this research: 1. Does direct positive influence exist between large-scale retailers’ buyer power and retailers’ procurement performance? 2. Are there any differences in the influence of different types of retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance? 3. What influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship? 4. When the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is brought in as a mediating variable, what influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on retailers’ procurement performance? From the perspective of the relationships among channel members, large-scale retailers in the Chinese market, such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, RT-Mart, OUYA Supermarket and Vanguard, as well as suppliers of their products are taken as the object of the research. Methods like interview, pre-survey and official survery with questionnaire are adopted to verify different hypotheses in the research. During the indepth interview, twelve respondents are invited respectively to the interview. Seven of them are in charge of large-scale retailers’ procurement, and five of them are salespersons of manufacturers, who supply products to retailers. It can be seen from the result of the interview that the twelve respondents hold different opinions towards the relationships among large-scale retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance, some believe that there’s positive influence, some believe there’s negative influence, and some believe the influence should be respectively analyzed according to the degree of buyer power. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe large-scale retailers’ buyer power exerts positive influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe it exerts negative influence, and some believe the influence depends on specific circumstances. During the pre-survey with questionnaire, scales of retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance are developed on the basis of theoretical overview and interview research. Specifically speaking, the scale of retailers’ buyer power is constituted of two level-1 dimensions (buyer’s monopoly power and countervailing power) and seven level-2 dimensions; the scalerelationship and ultimately exert adverse influence on both parties’ long-term earnings. In the existing research, few scholars have thoroughly discussed the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance. In addition, different conclusions exist in the analysis of the relationships among the three factors, or between two of them. In order to empirically test the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance, we established the theoretical model of this study in figure 1. The research will help us to cognize the influence of retailers’ buyer power more reasonably, and guide retailers better utilize buyer power, an attempt is made to explore the following questions in this research: 1. Does direct positive influence exist between large-scale retailers’ buyer power and retailers’ procurement performance? 2. Are there any differences in the influence of different types of retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance? 3. What influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship? 4. When the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is brought in as a mediating variable, what influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on retailers’ procurement performance? From the perspective of the relationships among channel members, large-scale retailers in the Chinese market, such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, RT-Mart, OUYA Supermarket and Vanguard, as well as suppliers of their products are taken as the object of the research. Methods like interview, pre-survey and official survery with questionnaire are adopted to verify different hypotheses in the research. During the indepth interview, twelve respondents are invited respectively to the interview. Seven of them are in charge of large-scale retailers’ procurement, and five of them are salespersons of manufacturers, who supply products to retailers. It can be seen from the result of the interview that the twelve respondents hold different opinions towards the relationships among large-scale retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance, some believe that there’s positive influence, some believe there’s negative influence, and some believe the influence should be respectively analyzed according to the degree of buyer power. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe large-scale retailers’ buyer power exerts positive influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe it exerts negative influence, and some believe the influence depends on specific circumstances. During the pre-survey with questionnaire, scales of retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance are developed on the basis of theoretical overview and interview research. Specifically speaking, the scale of retailers’ buyer power is constituted of two level-1 dimensions (buyer’s monopoly power and countervailing power) and seven level-2 dimensions; the scaleof the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is constituted of three level-1 dimensions (cooperation, adaption and relationship atmosphere); the scale of retailers’ procurement performance is constituted of three level-1 dimensions (cost performance, time performance and quality performance of procurement). The questionnaire pre-survey is specific to retailers’ procurement staff and suppliers’ sales personnel respectively. A total of valid 179 questionnaires are collected, among which, 86 are from retailers’ procurement staff and 93 are from suppliers’ sales personnel. Based on the survey data, SPSS and AMOS software are utilized in the analysis of items, reliability and validity of the different scales. Finally, the factor structure of the scale regarding retailers’ buyer power is adjusted, and the scale regarding retailers’ buyer monolopy power is re-designed specially. During the official survey with questionnaire, questionnaires are handed out to retailers’ procurement staff and suppliers’ sales personnel respectively. A total of 340 valid questionnaires are collected, among which, 178 are from retailers’ procurement staff and 162 are from suppliers’ sales personnel. The samples, which are quite representative, are evenly distributed. Based on the survey data, SPSS and AMOS software are utilized to further analyze the reliability and validity of the different appraisal scales. Finally, the various hypotheses in the research are tested by causual steps of regression analysis with SPSS. After relatively complicated and elaborate statistical analysis, most of the hypotheses are supported, some are partially supported, and only one is not supported. One of the mediating effect analysis results is show in table 1 and figure 2. Based on direct regression analysis, we can get some important results: First of all, the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer power will overally exert positive influence on retailer enterprises’ procurement performance is supported, but the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer monopoly power and countervailing power will exert positive influence on retailer enterprises’ procurement performance is partially supported. Secondly, the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer power will overally exert negative influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is not supported, and the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer monopoly power will exert negative influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and the dimension is partially supported, and the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer countervailing power will exert positive influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and the dimension is supported. Thirdly, the hypothesis that the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, as well as the dimensions (cooperation and relationship atmosphere) will overally exert positive influence on retailer enterprises’ procurement performance is supported, and the hypothesis that the dimension---the adaptation of the quality of retailer-supplier relationship will exert positive influence on retail enterprises’ procurement performance is only partially supported. Based on causual steps of regression analysis for the mediating effect, we can also get some important results: First of all, the relationship quality plays a complete intermediary role between the retailer’s buyer power and the procurement performance. Secondly, the relationship quality plays a complete intermediary role between the r retailers’ buyer monopoly power and the procurement performance. Thirdly, the relationship quality plays a complete intermediary role between the r retailers’ buyer countervailing power and the procurement performance.Some inspirations are achieved from the research. First of all, basically speaking, the direct influence of retailers’ buyer power on retail enterprises’ procurement performance is significantly positive. Secondly, the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is relatively complicated. Thirdly, basically speaking, the influence of the quality of retailer-supplier relationship on retail enterprises’ procurement performance is significantly positive. Fourthly, after the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is brought in as a mediating variable, the influence of retailers’ buyer power on retail enterprises’ procurement performance depends on the specific condition of the retailer-supplier relationship.

Melt Superheating on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diecast Al-Mg-Si-Mn Alloy

Wenchao Yang,Xinliang Yang,Shouxun Ji 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.2

The application of aluminium alloys in automotive body structure is one of the main developments in recentyears. The increase of the mechanical properties of the ductile die-casting is one of the most critical topics forthe application. In this work, the effect of melt superheating on the morphology, size and distribution of α-Alphase and Fe-rich intermetallics, and on the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si-Mn diecast alloy wasinvestigated. The results showed that the refined microstructure could be obtained through melt superheating. The volume fraction of dendritic α-Al phase and the Fe-rich intermetallic phase formed in the shotsleeve was significantly reduced, resulting in the refined microstructure. Overall, the melt superheatingcould improve the mechanical properties of the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation ofthe diecast Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloy. And, the Fe-rich intermetallic phase formed in the shot sleeve with thecoarse compact morphology and formed in the die cavity with the fine compact particles were identifiedas the same α-Al12(Fe,Mn)3Si composition in the present experimental conditions, which was not affectedby the melt superheating.

On Extended State Predictor Observer based Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Uncertain Systems with Sensor Delay

Wenchao Xue,Ping Liu,Sen Chen,Yi Huang 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

This paper considers the control problem for a class of sensor delay systems with nonlinear unknown dynamics and external disturbances. The extended state predictor observer (ESPO) based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is first proposed to timely estimate and compensate for the “total disturbance” under sensor delay. The timedomain stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously studied by discussing the bound of tracking error between state and its desired trajectory. More importantly, it is proven that the proposed method can greatly improve the existing PO based control in dealing with the “total disturbance” in the low frequency range. Also, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the ESPO based ADRC for tackling several kinds of uncertainties.

A practical Li-ion full cell with a Li-ion conductor coating cathode and graphite anode: Strong interface stability and superior electrochemical performance

Qin Wenchao,Feng Liwei,Yang Zihao,Liu Jinfeng,Liu Yan 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.32 No.-

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) was coated by a lithium-ion conductor Li3PO4 layer using a pre-coating treatment and solid state method. The physicochemical characteristics were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. Li3PO4 coating layer maintained the crystal structure of NCM523 cathode. The cathode with 3.0 wt% Li3PO4 coating (P0.03-NCM) exhibited outstanding rate capability (169.3 mAh g 1 at 0.2 C) and cycling retention of 92.23% at 1 C after 150 cycles, whereas the pristine NCM exhibited a capacity retention of only 77.84%. The electrochemical performance of the full-cell (P0.03-NCM as the cathodes and graphite as the anodes) showed high cycle retention of 82.92% after 100 cycles. The Li3PO4 coating layer acted as a physical barrier and alleviated the degradation behaviors of NCM523. This research work provided insights for the commercial application of ternary layered cathodes.

走馬樓吴簡“隱核波田簿”的析分與綴連 - 再論陂塘形製和陂田興復-

凌文超(Ling Wenchao) 경북대학교 인문학술원 2021 동서인문 Vol.- No.16

走馬樓吳簡의 採集簡 第37盆에서 비교적 많은 “隱核波田簿”(그중 일부는 採集簡 第36盆에서 보인다)가 모여 있고, 여러 덩어리의 竹簡(揭剥位置 示意圖3, 圖8, 附録1 참조)들도 함께 보존되어 있어, “隱覈波田簿”로 모아 정리할 조건을 갖추고 있다. 揭剥位置 示意圖 및 문서 서식과 필적 등을 활용해 초보적으로 복원·정리된 “隱核波田簿”에 따르면, 이 簡冊은 안쪽에서 바깥쪽 방향으로 臨湘侯國의 전체 장부(合簿)와 여러 鄕의 개별 장부(分簿), 그에 대한 批注를 함께 엮어 완성한 것이다. 臨湘의 合簿는 각 鄕의 隱核波田 標題簡·主體簡·縣計簡으로 구성된 簿籍과 縣廷의 상신문서(呈文)Ⅰ로 구성되어 있으며, 여러 鄕의 分簿는 각 鄕의 隱核波田 標題簡·主體簡·鄕計簡으로 구성된 簿籍과 勸農掾의 상신문서(呈文)로 구성되어 있는데, 현재 都鄕·東鄉·南鄉·小武陵鄉·廣成鄕·平鄉(?) 등의 分簿로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 여러 鄕의 分簿 뒤에는 縣廷의 상신문서(呈文)Ⅱ외 批注가 있다. 縣廷의 상신문서 및 批注는 長沙郡·臨湘侯國·관할 鄕들의 隱核波田의 문서행정 흐름을 보여준다. ① 長沙郡府(아마 “右田曹”)는 太守의 敎인 “記”에 근거하여 臨湘侯國에 문서를 하달. 臨湘侯國으로 하여금 보존 문서에 근거하여 관할 鄕들의 저수지·田畝 상황에 대해 비교 조사를 진행하며, 아울러 吏·民들이 물 이용이 보장된 波田을 耕種하도록 독촉할 것을 명령[勅令]함. ② 臨湘侯國은 郡府의 령을 받은 후, 勸農掾으로 하여금 각 鄕의 저수지·田畝를 상세히 조사[隱核]하고 郡府의 敎令에 따라 백성들이 농경에 힘쓰도록 안배함. ③ 勸農掾은 조사 상황에 근거하여, 각 鄕별로 제작하도록 요구된 隱核波田簿(簿籍+상신문서)에 따라 저수지·田畝의 실제 상황을 구체적으로 기록하고, 당월 20일 이전에는 臨湘縣廷으로 제출해야 했다. ④ 臨湘侯國 縣廷은 관리들이 각 鄕의 隱核波田簿를 하나로 엮는데 대한 책임이 있었다. 그와 동시에, 主記史는 長沙郡府에 회부할 상행문서(呈文Ⅱ)의 초안을 작성하여 隱覈波田簿의 뒤쪽에 연결함으로써 “諸鄕分簿”를 集成하고 이를 臨湘侯相과 丞에게 보고해 심사를 받아야 했다. ⑤ 臨湘侯相君·丞 혹은 門下吏는 諸鄕分簿를 심사한 후 여기에 지시를 덧붙이거나 혹은 관련 내용을 보충하여 長沙郡府에 회신할 장부문서의 저본을 만들었다. ⑥ 主記史는 장부문서의 저본(諸鄕分簿+呈文Ⅱ+批注)에 근거하여 별개의 “臨湘合簿”(縣合簿+呈文Ⅰ)를 만들었다. 구체적으로 말하자면, 縣의 合簿는 標題簡을 바꾸고, 차례에 근거하여 主體簡을 초록하며, 勸農掾의 상신문서는 없애며, 鄕計簡은 개별 計簡으로 바꾸고 總計簡을 제작한다. 呈文Ⅱ와 批注에 근거해 呈文Ⅰ을 제작함으로써 완정한 정식 “臨湘合簿”를 만든다. ⑦ 臨湘侯國은 “臨湘合簿”를 복제하여 臨湘侯相·丞의 서명을 받아 長沙郡府의 관련 부서(아마 “右田曹”)에 보고한다. 그리고 다시금 “臨湘合簿”+“諸鄕分簿”+“批注”는 함께 엮어 한 건의 簿書를 만들고 이를 보존한다. 走馬樓吳簡에 남아 있는 “隱核波田簿”는 당연히 臨湘侯國이 보존한 문서 저본이다. 孫吳 臨湘侯國의 저수지는 일반적으로 지세가 서로 맞물린 곳에 축조되어 한쪽의 물길을 막는 제방 역할을 하였는데, 지세를 이용해 三面에서 물을 가두었다. 저수지의 구조와 크기는 지세·제방의 길이/깊이와 깊은 관련이 있다. 周禮 「考工記·匠人」의 제방이 “廣與崇方”하였다는 기록에 근거하면, 隱核波田簡이 기록한 “深”度는 “廣”과 서로 같기 때문에 “廣”으로 생략해 기록하였다. “深”과 “敗”의 수치에 근거하면, 우리는 제방의 공정량을 이론적으로 통계·복원할 수 있다. 隱核波田簡에 기록된 노동인원의 숫자들은 전부 정수로 되어 있는데, 이는 응당 저수지의 수리와 波田의 재개간에 이용되는 노동인원의 수를 대략적으로 추산한 결과일 것이다. 통계에 근거하면, 저수지를 수리한 인원의 숫자는 황무지인 田畝를 다시금 개간하는 인원 숫자보다 대체로 적다. The Registers of the Evaluation of Reservoirs and Dike Fields in the Wu Bamboo Slips from Zoumalou is composed of the Linxiang general book, and 11 districts branch books. The Linxiang general book contains a title, contents, county statistical documents and report I. The district branch books consist of a title, contents, district statistical documents and the official’s report on promoting agriculture. This paper sorted out the sub-books of the Metropolitan district, East district, South district, Xiaowuling district, Guangcheng district and Ping district. After the sub-books of the districts, there are the county report II with annotations. The reports and annotations of the county government reflect the administrative procedures to evaluate reservoirs and dike fields by Changsha Commandery, Linxiang Marquistate and the governed districts. Overall, in the reservoirs in Linxiang Marquistate, a dike was built at the end of the land area to block water from one side and the land was used to enclose water on three sides. The shape and size of the reservoirs were related to the topography and the length and depth of the dike. According to the records of “dike’s width equals height(=depth)” in the Kao Gong Ji, the depth recorded in Zoumalou documents was equal to the width, so the width was omitted. Statistics show that the amount of manpower used to repair the dike was far less than the labor used to reclaim the dry fields.